ABSTRACT POSSIBILISTIC INTERPRETATION OF MISTUNING IN BLADED DISKS BY FUZZY ALGEBRA Karatas, Hamit &Ccedil / aglar M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. H. Nevzat &Ouml / zg&uuml / ven Co-supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ender Cigeroglu September 2012, 103 pages This study aims to define the possibilistic interpretation of mistuning and examine the way of determining the worst case situations and assessing reliability value to that case by using possibilistic methods. Furthermore, in this study, benefits of using possibilistic interpretation of mistuning in comparison to probabilistic interpretation of mistuning are investigated. For the possibilistic analysis of mistuned structures, uncertain mistuning parameters are modeled as fuzzy variables possessing possibility distributions. In this study, alpha-cut representations of fuzzy numbers are used which makes fuzzy variables to be represented by interval numbers at each and every confidence level. The solution of fuzzy equations of motion is governed by fuzzy algebra methods. The bounds of the solution of the fuzzy equation of motion, i.e. fuzzy vibration responses of the mistuned structure, are determined by the extension principle of fuzzy functions. The performance of the method for possibilistic interpretation of mistuning is investigated by comparing it to the probabilistic methods both computational and accuracy wise. For the comparison study, two different optimization tools &ndash / genetic algorithm as the global optimization tool and constrained nonlinear minimization method as the gradient based optimization tool- are utilized in possibilistic analysis and they are compared to solutions of probabilistic methods resulted from Monte-Carlo method. The performances of all of the methods are tested on both a cyclically symmetric lumped parameter model and a realistic reduced order finite element model.

This study aims to define the possibilistic interpretation of mistuning and examine the way of determining the worst case situations and assessing reliability value to that case by using possibilistic methods. Furthermore, in this study, benefits of using possibilistic interpretation of mistuning in comparison to probabilistic interpretation of mistuning are investigated. For the possibilistic analysis of mistuned structures, uncertain mistuning parameters are modeled as fuzzy variables possessing possibility distributions. In this study, alpha-cut representations of fuzzy numbers are used which makes fuzzy variables to be represented by interval numbers at each and every confidence level. The solution of fuzzy equations of motion is governed by fuzzy algebra methods. The bounds of the solution of the fuzzy equation of motion, i.e. fuzzy vibration responses of the mistuned structure, are determined by the extension principle of fuzzy functions. The performance of the method for possibilistic interpretation of mistuning is investigated by comparing it to the probabilistic methods both computational and accuracy wise. For the comparison study, two different optimization tools &ndash / genetic algorithm as the global optimization tool and constrained nonlinear minimization method as the gradient based optimization tool- are utilized in possibilistic analysis and they are compared to solutions of probabilistic methods resulted from Monte-Carlo method. The performances of all of the methods are tested on both a cyclically symmetric lumped parameter model and a realistic reduced order finite element model.

With its perennial interest in the seemingly ordinary lives of small-town people, Alice Munro’s fiction displays a deceptively simple surface reality that on closer scrutiny reveals intricate levels of unexpected complexity about the fundamentals of human experience: love, choice, mortality, faith and the force of language. This study takes as its main purpose the exploration of Munro’s stories in terms of the intricacy of emotions in the face of commonplace events of life and their emerging possibilities. I argue that the ontological levels of fiction and reality remain in the realm of the real; these levels exist and merge as the possibilities of each other. Munro’s realism is explored in terms of its connection to possibilities that arise out of a particular type of fatality. The phenomenon of possibility permeates Munro’s stories. An investigation of this phenomenon shows a curious paradox between possibility and necessity. In order to discuss the complexity of this paradox I introduce the temporal/spatial concept of possibility-space and notions of the fatal. I describe the space that materializes in the phenomenal field between text and reader, and where the constitution of possibility becomes visible. This is typically seen in the rupture that is the event, where the event in itself offers a moment of release and epistemic certainty to the characters. I argue that through this release and certainty the characters obtain a radical, audacious sense of freedom and intensity of life. The stories examined have been grouped in a conceptual order that brings into view the central qualities of Munro’s fiction such as lightness, newness and sameness. These qualities are related to the act of recognition; they are elaborated through readings of a large number of stories from all the collections, including three stories published recently in The New Yorker. The dissertation concludes by highlighting these qualities in the tour de force “Post and Beam.” I argue finally that Alice Munro’s fiction recognizes life as possibility in a moment when it shows itself in its own remarkable sameness.

This essay is about how newly graduated teachers experience their first year in teaching. The main focus is linked to the theory about the pedagogy triangle of Bermuda. It involves two dimensions with six main aspects. The first dimension is the psychosocial-, including, ambition, demands and the possibility to achieve ambition and demands. The second dimension is the didactic-, including the what-, why- and how-qustions.  The results of the study shows that teachers experience their first year in teaching different, depending primarly of the ascpets of the psychosocial dimension. The didactic dimension tends to incoroprate into the psychosocial dimension via ambition and demands. Ambition and demands are vital for the understanding of  how newly graduated teachers experience their first year in teaching. It is throw these aspects they look upon the reality and estimate their performance. If the ambition and the demands are inline with the how the reality develop the feeling of satisfaction grow.

The thesis deals with epistemic modality and its realizations in English and Lithuanian. It focuses on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of equivalence between the lexical exponents of epistemic modality in the two languages. The axis of contrast is laid on the auxiliary and adverb strategies (van der Auwera et al. 2005): a probe is made into the cross-linguistic distribution and behavior of the central English modal auxiliaries of possibility and necessity and epistemic stance adverbials as opposed to their counterparts in Lithuanian. It is a contrastive analysis based on the data obtained from a self-compiled bi-directional parallel corpus of fiction texts and their translations into Lithuanian and English. The findings show that, despite the existence of the same adverbial and verb strategies for epistemic meaning realization in the two languages, their implementation differs. Lithuanian shows a significantly higher frequency of adverbials as opposed to English. Due to the high degree of grammaticalization, English usually favors modal auxiliaries for expressing epistemic modality. The findings show that epistemic meaning can be determined by various constraints, the most important of which are complement stativity and subject specification. The analysis of the translational paradigm could suggest that the boundaries between low and high degree of probability can be blurred in Lithuanian. The abundance of inserted modal adverbials and the phenomenon of zero... [to full text] / Disertacijoje tiriamas episteminis modalumas ir jo raiškos priemonės anglų ir lietuvių kalbose. Abiejose kalbose esama įvairių kalbinių priemonių episteminiam modalumui reikšti, tačiau darbe daugiausia dėmesio skiriama episteminį modalumą koduojančių modalinių veiksmažodžių ir modalinių adverbialų bei jų vertimo atitikmenų analizei. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – taikant lygiagrečiųjų ir palyginamųjų tekstynų metodiką aptarti kiekybinius ir kokybinius episteminio modalumo raiškos ekvivalentiškumo parametrus anglų ir lietuvių kalbose. Remiantis van der Auweros et al. (2005) tyrimo modeliu, bandoma nustatyti, kokia episteminio modalumo raiškos strategija – modalinių veiksmažodžių ar adverbialų – vyrauja anglų ir lietuvių kalbose. Tuo tikslu buvo sudarytas dvikalbis dvikryptis paralelusis tekstynas iš grožinės literatūros originalių tekstų ir jų vertimų į lietuvių ir anglų kalbas. Išanalizavus empirinę medžiagą, prieita prie tokių išvadų: episteminio modalumo raiška anglų ir lietuvių kalbose skiriasi. Anglų kalboje dėl palyginti didelės gramatiškėjimo įtakos episteminis modalumas dažniausiai reiškiamas modaliniais veiksmažodžiais, o lietuvių kalboje vyrauja adverbialinė raiškos strategija. Episteminė reikšmė glaudžiai susijusi su veiksmažodžių komplementų ir subjekto specifikacija. Vertimų paradigmų analizė rodo, kad lietuvių kalboje modalinės tikimybės laipsniai skiriami ne taip griežtai ir jos ribos ne tokios ryškios, o praleidimo ir įterpimo atvejai vertime gali būti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Disertacijoje tiriamas episteminis modalumas ir jo raiškos priemonės anglų ir lietuvių kalbose. Abiejose kalbose esama įvairių kalbinių priemonių episteminiam modalumui reikšti, tačiau darbe daugiausia dėmesio skiriama episteminį modalumą koduojančių modalinių veiksmažodžių ir modalinių adverbialų bei jų vertimo atitikmenų analizei. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – taikant lygiagrečiųjų ir palyginamųjų tekstynų metodiką aptarti kiekybinius ir kokybinius episteminio modalumo raiškos ekvivalentiškumo parametrus anglų ir lietuvių kalbose. Remiantis van der Auweros et al. (2005) tyrimo modeliu, bandoma nustatyti, kokia episteminio modalumo raiškos strategija – modalinių veiksmažodžių ar adverbialų – vyrauja anglų ir lietuvių kalbose. Tuo tikslu buvo sudarytas dvikalbis dvikryptis paralelusis tekstynas iš grožinės literatūros originalių tekstų ir jų vertimų į lietuvių ir anglų kalbas. Išanalizavus empirinę medžiagą, prieita prie tokių išvadų: episteminio modalumo raiška anglų ir lietuvių kalbose skiriasi. Anglų kalboje dėl palyginti didelės gramatiškėjimo įtakos episteminis modalumas dažniausiai reiškiamas modaliniais veiksmažodžiais, o lietuvių kalboje vyrauja adverbialinė raiškos strategija. Episteminė reikšmė glaudžiai susijusi su veiksmažodžių komplementų ir subjekto specifikacija. Vertimų paradigmų analizė rodo, kad lietuvių kalboje modalinės tikimybės laipsniai skiriami ne taip griežtai ir jos ribos ne tokios ryškios, o praleidimo ir įterpimo atvejai vertime gali būti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis deals with epistemic modality and its realizations in English and Lithuanian. It focuses on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of equivalence between the lexical exponents of epistemic modality in the two languages. The axis of contrast is laid on the auxiliary and adverb strategies (van der Auwera et al. 2005): a probe is made into the cross-linguistic distribution and behavior of the central English modal auxiliaries of possibility and necessity and epistemic stance adverbials as opposed to their counterparts in Lithuanian. It is a contrastive analysis based on the data obtained from a self-compiled bi-directional parallel corpus of fiction texts and their translations into Lithuanian and English. The findings show that, despite the existence of the same adverbial and verb strategies for epistemic meaning realization in the two languages, their implementation differs. Lithuanian shows a significantly higher frequency of adverbials as opposed to English. Due to the high degree of grammaticalization, English usually favors modal auxiliaries for expressing epistemic modality. The findings show that epistemic meaning can be determined by various constraints, the most important of which are complement stativity and subject specification. The analysis of the translational paradigm could suggest that the boundaries between low and high degree of probability can be blurred in Lithuanian. The abundance of inserted modal adverbials and the phenomenon of zero... [to full text]

Stereotypes about Appalachia abound through dubious and reductive representations of the ‘hillbilly’ icon. Sexuality and how it functions in Appalachia is usually cast from the outside as wild, violent, bestial, incestuous and generally base. Movies such as Deliverance and television shows such as The Beverly Hillbillies and The Dukes of Hazard render images of Appalachian sexuality as hyper-sexual, both naive and violent. These images of Appalachian sexual ignorance and violence that permeate popular culture have had problematic and reductive implications for rural gay/trans Appalachian folk. Mainstream gay culture has often used the perceived meanings of these images to circumscribe and foreclose upon the possibility of rural queer life, rendering the rural as monolithically homophobic and impenetrable. This research attempts to destabilize this perspective and critique the impulse for mainstream gay culture to further marginalize rural gay/trans folk in Appalachia. The project reveals the possibility for rural queer life to exist in Appalachia to show not only its presence, but also its varying forms of visibility. To do this, experimental methodologies are employed, drawing on autoethnography that have located my body as an active participant and research object in one particular Appalachian queer geography. By actively participating in a rural queer network, the possibility for Appalachian queer geographies to exist in ways that surpass popular representations emerge in a way that force us to renegotiate our understandings of homophobia and what sets its conditions. This project begins to uncover and theorize the ways in which kinship as a ‘social technology’ mitigates social strangeness and operates as a means for social protection and intimacy within rural queer populations. This research is presented in a way that neither dismisses nor emphasizes homophobic violence, but rather argues the imperative for strong political advocacy that recognizes both the struggles and accomplishments of rural gay/trans folk. Three interlinked approaches are used to highlight these possibilities and foreclosures: the exterior representation of Appalachian sexuality in American metropolitan gay cultures and its politico-cultural effects on rural gay/trans folk, a more nuanced interpretation of homophobia in Appalachia, and how ‘place’ is made through the operation of rural queer networks.

This dissertation places Wittgenstein and Nietzsche alongside one another in an attempt to deal with the question: "what is the role of the philosophy?" On the one hand Wittgenstein promotes a descriptive approach to philosophy, which insists that the philosopher should not meddle with practices but rather seek clarity and understanding as ends in themselves. On the other hand Nietzsche promotes a destructive and creative approach to philosophy, where the philosopher both dismantles values and offers a revaluation of values in their place. This work begins with a survey of remarks by the two philosophers and prominent interpretations of them on how best to conceive of and understand the philosopher and philosophy. In addition, the recent view of Nietzsche as a naturalist is responded to at length. If Nietzsche turns out to be offering substantive, naturalistic positions on human morality, the origins of religion, and so on, then he cannot be advocating a creative, spontaneous orientation towards perspectives. This work argues that while Nietzsche offers naturalized accounts of human practices, he does not mean these to be considered scientific hypothesis. After responding to this position, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein are looked at together, and what emerges is a shared goal: the creating and/or revealing of missed possibilities of human life. These existential possibilities are on the one hand always right in front of us, and yet they are seemingly out of reach and all too often passed over. Wittgenstein and Nietzsche, in their various ways, (re)open these possibilities. Finally, given this "hermeneutics of possibility," the final chapter argues that the way Wittgenstein and Nietzsche differ with respect to Christianity and religion is not primarily about their style of philosophy nor even about Wittgenstein's descriptive approach, but about the existential possibility that each has in mind to promote.

Zugl.: Tübingen, Universiẗat, Habil.-Schr., 2003.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à des chaînes logistiques dont les acteurs de la chaîne sont des entités décisionnelles indépendantes. Plus précisément, notre cadre d’étude sera un "maillon" d’une chaîne logistique (relation client fournisseur) dont les acteurs (le client et le fournisseur) sont des entités décisionnelles indépendantes qui souhaitent mettre en place des processus de planification coopératifs en présence d’incertitude, sachant que le client fabriques des produits à la commande et le fournisseur sur stock. Dans ce contexte, la contribution majeure visée par nos travaux est l’intégration des connaissances imparfaites sur les données (date du besoin en composants, quantité nécessaire…etc.) afin de calculer le plan d’approvisionnement plus robuste (plan minimisant l’impact de l’incertitude). L’intégration des imperfections repose sur l’utilisation de la théorie des possibilités. Une fois le modèle de représentation des données imparfaites réalisé, nous proposons des méthodes de calcul de plan d’approvisionnement utilisant les informations supplémentaires grâce à la représentation des imperfections. / In this thesis, we focus on supply chain where the actors are independent entities. More precisely, ours interests are on point-to-point (customer/supplier) relationships where the actors (the customer and the supplier) are independent entities which want to set up collaborative planning process under uncertainty, such that the customer produces to orders and the supplier produces to stock. In this context, the major contribution of the thesis is the integration of ill-known data (date of requirement, required quantities ...etc.) to calculate a robust procurement plan (plan which minimize the impact of uncertainty). We used the possibility theory to model those uncertainties. After the model of ill-known data proposed, we present a set of methods to compute a procurement plan using the additional information (information on the uncertainty).