Orientador: Denis José Schiozer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carron_AndreLeite_M.pdf: 8033279 bytes, checksum: a18ba3ff68a3708a51f85eb0d5a69d3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Quando um campo de petróleo desenvolvido atinge uma ou mais limitações de produção, muitas vezes é necessário considerar o aumento da capacidade de produção, adequando as instalações à nova realidade. Entretanto, antes de tomar a decisão, uma avaliação do comportamento futuro dos poços e consequente revisão de operações são recomendadas. A identificação de como cada um deles contribui para o campo é importante para melhorar a estratégia de explotação. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para melhorar a recuperação de petróleo e indicadores econômicos para campos desenvolvidos, baseada principalmente na integração de modelagem de reservatório e instalações de produção permitindo um melhor equilíbrio de fluidos de produção e injeção. Mapas de qualidade, simulação numérica, identificação de linhas de fluxo e técnicas de otimização foram utilizados para melhorar a estratégia de explotação desses campos de petróleo. Mapas de qualidade são úteis para indicar regiões potenciais e a simulação por linhas de fluxo quantifica a relação entre produtores e injetores. O desempenho dos poços (produtores e injetores) são calculados através da simulação numérica permitindo ordená-los, a fim de aplicar um processo de otimização em que as ações de cada par produtor-injetor são tomadas simultaneamente para acelerar o processo. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia aplicada a um modelo de reservatório, onde se obteve um maior valor presente líquido, aumento da produção de óleo e gás, juntamente com a menor produção de água. Também foi possível testar a capacidade de produção de água aumentada. A metodologia mostra-se aplicável a reservatórios que operam em cenários de limitações de produção, indicando que o simples aumento da capacidade nem sempre é a única ou a melhor solução, devendo ser colocado num contexto mais amplo. Além disso, a aplicação da metodologia é suficientemente rápida para ser testada de forma contínua na avaliação dos reservatórios desenvolvidos / Abstract: When a developed oil field reaches one or more production constraints, in many cases it is necessary to consider increasing this limit considering updated conditions. Before making the decision, an evaluation of wells future behavior and consequent operation changes are recommended. The identification of how each well is contributing to the field is important to change production strategy and to make better use of facilities. This work shows a methodology to improve oil recovery and economic indicators of developed fields based mainly on the integration of reservoir modeling and production facilities allowing a better balance of production and injection fluids. Quality map, streamlines identification, numerical simulation and optimization techniques were used to improve the production strategy of these oil fields. Quality maps are useful to indicate potential regions and streamline simulation quantifies relation between producers and injectors wells. Wells (producers and injectors) performance are calculated with numerical simulation and used to rank wells in order to apply actions that yield to an optimization process where changes on each producer-injector pair are taken simultaneously to speed up the process. It was developed a methodology which was applied to a reservoir model where it was obtained a higher net present value, oil and gas production along with lower water production; it also allowed testing increased production capacity. The presented methodology is applicable to reservoirs operating under production constraints scenarios, indicating that increasing of capacity is not always the better solution and it should be placed in a broader context of optimization. Furthermore, it is fast enough to be tested continuously in the evaluation of developed reservoirs / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

This doctoral thesis investigates the application of simulation-based optimization (SBO) as an alternative to conventional optimization techniques when the inherent uncertainty and complex features of real manufacturing systems need to be considered. Inspired by a real-world production planning setting, we provide a general formulation of the situation as an extended knapsack problem. We proceed by proposing a solution approach based on single and multi-objective SBO models, which use simulation to capture the uncertainty and complexity of the manufacturing system and employ meta-heuristic optimizers to search for near-optimal solutions. Moreover, we consider the design of matheuristic approaches that combine the advantages of population-based meta-heuristics with mathematical programming techniques. More specifically, we consider the integration of mathematical programming techniques during the initialization stage of the single and multi-objective approaches as well as during the actual search process. Using data collected from a manufacturing company, we provide evidence for the advantages of our approaches over conventional methods (integer linear programming and chance-constrained programming) and highlight the synergies resulting from the combination of simulation, meta-heuristics and mathematical programming methods. In the context of the same real-world problem, we also analyse different single and multi-objective SBO models for robust optimization. We demonstrate that the choice of robustness measure and the sample size used during fitness evaluation are crucial considerations in designing an effective multi-objective model.

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milanez_AnaPaula_M.pdf: 2339517 bytes, checksum: f1d11308199307d6a2023d3c36f582fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Hoje, as empresas atuam em mercados em permanente mudança. Para atender as novas exigências, as empresas devem buscar flexibilidade e agilidade, ou seja, devem ser capazes de se reconfigurar rapidamente a fim de atender as necessidades do consumidor final de maneira efetiva, com produtos de alto valor agregado e baixo custo. A proposta do modelo organizacional de Empresa Virtual (EV) fornece às empresas as características necessárias para competir no mercado e ir de encontro às necessidades dos clientes. A Empresa Virtual é definida como uma aliança temporária de empresas que se unem para dividir suas habilidades, competências essenciais e recursos para melhor atender uma oportunidade de negócio, sendo a cooperação entre as empresas suportada por tecnologia da informação (CAMARFNHA-MATOS e AFSARMANESH, 2005). Devido à natureza autônoma e heterogênea dos membros da EV, a manufatura do produto é realizada por empresas com formas de produção e tecnologias distintas. Isso causa problemas relacionados à qualidade dos produtos/serviços oferecidos; ao ritmo da produção; às antecipações ou atrasos da produção em relação ao tempo previamente planejado; etc., acarretando em prejuízos e até no não cumprimento dos objetivos da EV. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho propõe uma metodologia de análise que auxilie na tomada de decisão frente a problemas logísticos relacionados ao tempo de produção, buscando soluções que garantam o sucesso de operação da EV. / Abstract: Today, companies operate in markets in permanent change. In order to meet the new requirements of these markets, they must search flexibility and agility, i.e., they should be able to reconfigure quickly to attend the needs of the end consumer in an effective way, with high value added and low cost products. The purpose of the Virtual Enterprise (VE) organizational model provides the companies with the necessary characteristics to compete in the market and to meet the needs of clients. The Virtual Enterprise is defined as a temporary alliance of companies that come together to share their skills, essential competences and resources in order to better respond to a business opportunity, being this cooperation supported by information technology (CAMARINHA-MATOS and AFSARMANESH, 2005). Due to the heterogeneous and independent nature of the virtual enterprise members, the product manufacturing is made by companies with different ways of production and technologies. This causes problems related to the quality of the offered products / services; the production rate; the advances or delays in the production in relation to the previously scheduled time; etc., resulting in losses and even in noncompliance with the objectives of the virtual enterprise. In this context, this work proposes a methodology of analysis, which aids the decision making in logistical problems related to the production time, seeking solutions to ensure success in the operation of the virtual enterprise. / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Este trabalho trata de um problema de programação da produção em fundições de pequeno porte, que consiste em programar as ligas que devem ser produzidas em cada período do planejamento e como tais ligas devem ser usadas para a produção de itens sob encomenda, de modo que atrasos e custos operacionais sejam minimizados. Devido à certa incerteza nos dados do problema, a estratégia de horizonte rolante foi empregada. Este problema é representado por um modelo matemático de programação linear inteira mista. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma heurística do tipo residual para obter uma boa solução inteira factível do problema, partindo da solução contínua encontrada pelos métodos relaxe-e-fixe e busca local / This work addresses a planning production problem that arises in small market-driven foundries, which consists of programming a number of alloys that have to be produced in each period of the planning horizon and how these alloys should be used to producing ordered items, in such way that delays and operational costs are minimized. Due to uncertainties in the problem data, the strategy of rolling horizon was used. This problem is modeled as a mixed integer linear programe. In this work we developed a residual typed heuristic in order to obtain a good feasible integer solution of the problem, which are built from the continuous solution found by relax-and-fix and local search methods. Keywords: Lot-sizing problems, mixed integer linear programming, production planning in foundries

En säsongsbaserad tillverkning kan innebära svårigheter för företag att möta kundefterfrågan och hålla lagernivåerna nere. En strategi för att möta en varierande efterfrågan är automatisering, vilket kan leda till en högre produktivitet och kapacitet, samtidigt som det kan begränsa flexibiliteten. För ökad flexibilitet kan gradvis automatisering av en anläggning göra det möjligt att integrera processer och få en stabil tillverkning. Arbetets syfte är att skapa förståelse för hur en förändring av en del av en produktionslina påverkar flödet i produktionen, med hänsyn till förändrad maskinutrustning och kapacitet. Målet med arbetet är att skapa en modell som möjliggör produktionsplanering i ett flöde där empirisk data inte är tillgänglig. För att svara på syftet skapades frågeställningar för att behandla hur en produktionsplanering kan göras som är baserad på empirisk teoretisk data, hur flöden bör kombineras samt hur olika faktorer påverkar buffertar och ledtider i en produktion. Genom att använda teorier om lean production och lager kunde en matematisk modell skapas. Resultatet blev en modell som med hjälp av kända variabler kunde beräkna okända samt skapa en matematisk produktionsplanering. Slutsatsen visar på att det är möjligt att skapa en produktionsplanering baserat på empirisk teoretisk data, och att modellen är tillämpningsbar även på andra industrier eftersom den är anpassningsbar. / A season based production may lead to difficulties for companies to fulfill customer demand and to keep stocks to a minimum. Changing the production can lead to a higher productivity and capacity, meanwhile it may limit flexibility. A gradual automation makes it possible to interact different processes and to make a stable production. The purpose of this project is to gain an understanding of how a changed part of a production line affects the production flow, with changed capacity and machine equipment taken into account. The goal is to create a model that enables production planning in a flow where empirical data is not available. To answer the purpose, questions of the issue were created with a focus on how a production plan can be done with only empirical theoretical data, how flows can be combined and finally how factors affect the buffers and lead time. By combining theories of lean production and inventory, a mathematical model could be created. The result was a model that with the help of known variables could figure out unknown and thereby create a mathematical production plan. The conclusion shows that it is possible to create a production plan based on empirical theoretical data, and that the model can be applied to other industries as well because of its customizability.

Zur Bewältigung von Belastungsschwankungen in der industriellen Produktion – der systematischen Regelung von Kapazitätsangebot und -bedarf – existieren Methoden in der logistischen Auftragsabwicklung, deren Anwendungserfolg von den im Produktionsbereich vorhandenen Kapazitäts- und Belastungsflexibilitätsmaß abhängig ist. Die Entwicklung geeigneter Verfahren zur Messung dieser Flexibilitätstypen als auch von Ansätzen zur Nutzung der Messwerte bei der Gestaltung der logistischen Auftragsabwicklung sind die Zielsetzungen dieses Forschungsvorhabens. Vor allem Produktionsdienstleister sind aufgrund ihrer unternehmenstypspezifischen Merkmale für die Validierung der Entwicklungsarbeit sowie die spätere Verwertung der Forschungsergebnisse prädestiniert.

This master thesis deals with the design of a robotic workplace concept for motorcycle frame welding. At the beginning the aim of work are determined parameters of welding line. Next part is description of a analysis motorcycle welded frame. The design of layout follows especially with regards to safety. The second half of the work is focused on the design of welding jig. Parts of this thesis are 3D model of the welding shop and simulation of the production process.

This paper deals with the problem of optimization of a production plan by using genetic algorithms. It contains a brief overview of the principles behind genetic algorithms in scope of evolutionary algorithms and artificial intelligence in general. It also takes a closer look on the challenge of production planning and control and all activities connected to it. This is followed by description of the modification of genetic algorithms that needed to be done in order to implement it into a computer program, which is used to create and optimize the production plan, and is a result to the issue that this paper deals with. Incorporated is detailed escription of principles and functions of the program, that it offers to its users.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions deux problèmes de planification de production motivés par des applications du monde réel. Tout d'abord, un problème de planification de production pour un projet de fabrication de vêtements est étudié et un outil d'optimisation est développé pour le résoudre. Deuxièmement, une version restreinte du problème de dimensionnement du lot de capacité avec des configurations dépendantes de la séquence est explorée. Diverses formulations mathématiques sont développées et une analyse de complexité est effectuée pour donner une première analyse du problème. / In this thesis, we study two production planning problems motivated by challenging real-world applications. First, a production planning problem for an apparel manufacturing project is studied and an optimization tool is developed to tackle it. Second, a restricted version of the capacitated lot sizing problem with sequence dependent setups is explored. Various mathematical formulations are developed and complexity analysis is performed to offer a first glance to the problem.

The topic of this Master thesis is ontologies and the methods of their design using OWL. The thesis aims to provide a manual on the design of ontologies and demonstrate the use of this manual in the environment of Industry 4.0. The actual manual is preceded by chapters presenting the used semantic web technologies from a state-of-the-art point of view. The work is concluded by the author's evaluation of the suitability of the use of given technologies. 1