Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T14:03:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinecostapereira.pdf: 8560758 bytes, checksum: d60ff611042735ccc5369ab572bc5bfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:03:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinecostapereira.pdf: 8560758 bytes, checksum: d60ff611042735ccc5369ab572bc5bfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinecostapereira.pdf: 8560758 bytes, checksum: d60ff611042735ccc5369ab572bc5bfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08 / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é investigar o uso do gênero Conto de fadas no ensino de leitura em língua inglesa no contexto da escola pública. As principais perguntas de pesquisa giram em torno da inter-relação entre a dimensão sociocultural e a dimensão linguística na abordagem didática do gênero, buscandose tanto evitar um ensino de aspectos lingüísticos desvinculado das práticas discursivas quanto usar o gênero apenas como pretexto para o ensino de léxico e gramática. A fim de atender a esses objetivos, elaborou-se uma sequência didática, que foi aplicada numa turma do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental numa escola da Rede Pública Estadual de Minas Gerais. Para o estudo da noção de gênero, utilizouse fundamentalmente como arcabouço teórico a perspectiva dialógica de BAKHTIN (1953/2006) e, sobre a sequência textual narrativa, as reflexões de BRONCKART (2003). O principal aporte para a elaboração da sequência didática foram as pesquisas sobre a transposição didática do gênero realizadas pelo Grupo de Genebra, DOLZ e SCHNEUWLY (2004) em particular. Recorreu-se também a TURNER (1996), ZILBERMAN (2003), PROPP (1973 /2010) e REUTER (2006) para a descrição linguística e sociocultural do gênero Conto de fadas. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a relevância de se explorar adequadamente a dimensão sociocultural do gênero para o desenvolvimento da compreensão leitora, mas sem negligenciar o aspecto linguístico-textual, o que se revelou como um grande desafio a ser enfrentado na prática pedagógica. / The aim of this research is to investigate the use of the genre Fairy Tale in the teaching of English reading in the context of public schools. The main research questions revolve around the inter-relation between the sociocultural and linguistic dimension in the approach of language teaching in the genre, seeking to avoid both the teaching of unrelated linguistic aspects of discursive practices and the use of genre only as a pretext for teaching lexicon and grammar. In order to meet these goals, we set up a didactical sequence, which was applied in a 9th grade class of a elementary public school in the state of Minas Gerais. To study the notion of the genre, the dialogical perspective of BAKHTIN (1953/2006) was used as a theoretical framework and the reflections of BRONCKART (2003) for the textual narrative sequence. The main theoretical basis for the development of the didactical sequence was the research of the didactical transposition made by the Group of Genebra, in particular SCHNEUWLY AND DOLZ (2004). Additionally it was referred to TURNER (1996), ZILBERMAN (2003), PROPP (1973/2010) and REUTER (2006) to describe the linguistic and sociocultural description of the genre Fairy tale. The results point to the importance of exploring properly the sociocultural dimension of the genre for the development of reading comprehension without neglecting the linguistic and textual aspect, something that proved a major challenge to be faced in the pedagogical practice.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect tax complexity has on taxpayers' understanding of the tax law. The individual income tax system in the United States is based on self assessment by the taxpayer. A self assessing system requires a high level of voluntary compliance by the participants. Taxpayers who file returns on time and file correctly are considered to be in compliance with the tax law. A taxpayer who cannot understand the rules for tax reporting logically does not have the ability to comply with the law. A tax system predicated on the presumption that the average taxpayer can understand and comply with the tax rules must not become so complex that the taxpayer is forced into either seeking external help or not fully complying. The question arises, does complexity affect the ability of taxpayers to understand, and thus comply with, the tax system?

This applied dissertation was designed to evaluate improving the reading performance of fifthgrade students through an afterschool reading program to determine whether it was effective in teaching Native American and English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). This study compared the reading performance of fifth-grade students who struggle with reading, with those who attend an afterschool reading program, and students in both conditions were taught to apply the strategies to reading comprehension, spelling, coached reading, and vocabulary, and then practiced the strategies to independent reading performance. Reading intervention was introduced to improve students who had difficulties with learning expository reading performance. The students‟ scores on the Florida Instruction in Reading (FAIR) were used as pre-assessment data and included the instructional sequences and practices with struggling readers as well as the data collected through classroom observation. It focused on improving the fluency and the reading comprehension of these students and FAIR was used as a post-test assessment. It addressed the problem of poor reading skills of students at Southeastern Elementary School (SES). Statewide tests had shown that fifth grade students at SES were reading on a third-grade level, and these students were reading below two grade level gaps as evidenced by test scores on the FCAT. The purpose of this study was to describe and investigate the long-term impact of the program on the student, as measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) scores, in reading performance as well as report scores, in elementary schools in Florida

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare beskriver sitt arbete med elever i lässvårigheter i svenskämnet samt hur de ser på sambandet mellan lässvårigheter och bristande motivation. Syftet besvaras med hjälp av forskningsfrågorna: Vad anser lärare att begreppet lässvårigheter innebär? Vilka arbetssätt använder lärare för att stödja elever i lässvårigheter i undervisningen? Hur bedömer lärare att elevers motivation i skolan påverkas av elevens lässvårigheter? Studien har ett sociokulturellt perspektiv samt att det relationella perspektivet inom det specialpedagogiska perspektivet finns med då eleven inte ses som problembäraren i studien.  Undersökningen utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer där fem lärares arbete med elever i lässvårigheter har undersökts. För att analysera intervjuerna har ett fenomenografiskt angreppssätt antagits för att analysera lärarnas olika uppfattningar i förhållande till forskningsfrågorna och därmed få ett resultat. Det framkom i resultatet att lässvårigheter enligt lärarna innefattar brister i avkodning, fonologisk medvetenhet, läsförståelse, läsflyt, läshastighet och läslust. Detta är ett resultat av vad alla lärare sagt. Ingen lärare har alltså nämnt alla dessa faktorer som bidragande faktorer till lässvårigheter. Lärarna använder både beprövade metoder som Bornholmsmodellen och mindre beprövade metoder som Att skriva sig till läsning (ASL) samt olika pedagogiska material för att stötta elever i lässvårigheter Enligt lärarna kan lässvårigheter leda till att eleverna får bristande motivation i skolan. Bristande motivation är något som även kan påverka elevens självkänsla och därmed påverka elevens prestationer i alla ämnen i skolan.

In modern society where time is of essence and almost everything is accessible with a click of a button, it is important that the information we take in is relevant, which is why automatized text summaries must contain necessary information and is understandable for the reader. This study aims to investigate if extracted and highlighted automatic text summaries are as comprehensive as the original text and the differences between extracted summary and highlight summary. The research will study the eyes movement during reading different types of texts, mainly focusing on fixation and saccades. The study found that readers tend to fixate more when reading summaries than an original text, which in turn lead to a longer time to read the text. For comprehensiveness there was no greater difference found between the summaries and the original text.

D.Phil. (Linguistics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The aim of this report is to investigate how often and how computers are used during Spanish as foreign language classes regarding reading comprehension and written production. Our intentions are also to compare elementary schools and upper secondary schools, as well as to investigate if there are any diferencies between the perceptions of the teachers and the pupils.   We have mainly based our study on the theories of Acquaroni Muños and Cassani i Comas. They both have written articles about reading comprehension and written production.  Regarding computers and their functions the articles of Ruipérez García and Higueras García have a great significance.   We have chosen to use a quantitative method, in form of questionnaires. We have created one questionnaire for the students and another one for the teachers. The questionnaires were carried out in two different upper secondary schools and in one elementary school in the southwest of Sweden. The students’ questionnaire contains 64 questions while the teachers’ questionnaire contains 60 questions.   Our hypothesis was that the computer is not used while teaching reading comprension. However, we expected the computer to be used a lot while teaching writing. Regarding perceptions our hypotheses were that there were none differences between the pupils and the teachers while we expected differences between the upper secondary school and the elementary school.   The result of the investigation shows that the computer is used little in the education of Spanish as a foreign language regarding reading comprehension and written production. As far as the differences between the teachers and the pupils are concerned the study shows that their perceptions differed. The comparison between upper secondary school and elementary school indicates several differences in the use of computers. All the results refuted out hypotheses except the last one indicating the differences between the upper secondary and elementary school which was confirmed.

The aim of the study is to investigate how theories of close reading and literature conversations can be used in the practice of teaching. As a way to achieve insight into this, I have applied the method of action research to study different strategies for reading comprehension. Action research is a suitable method to acquire knowledge about one’s own work for purposes of development. The result indicates that a classroom where more than one voice can be heard and where different forms of conversation can be represented can further the pupils’ experience of and engagement in the teaching. The pupils’ evaluations allow me to draw the conclusion that the methods by which I worked – close reading, whole-class discussions and group discussions, and individual writing – appear to have had a positive effect on the development of the pupils’ reading comprehension.

Orientador: Elenice Aparecida de Moraes Ferrari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:45:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_RubiaAparecidaPereiradeCarvalho_M.pdf: 3863370 bytes, checksum: 488ca978a38a7cb5f131a008fc5ceac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este estudo investigou a distribuição do cronotipo (matutino, intermediário e vespertino), a sonolência diurna, o desempenho em testes de memória e de compreensão de leitura em estudantes do turno da manhã e da tarde (12 a 17 anos). Na Fase 1, foram utilizados o Questionário de Cronotipo (HO) e o formulário para identificação de queixas de sono (n = 435). Na Fase 2 (n = 81) utilizou-se a Escala de Sonolência de Karolinska (KSS) aplicada imediatamente antes da sessão de testes, que ocorreram em dois horários (7h00 e 16h45), as Escalas de Leitura (EL) e de Desempenho Escolar em Língua Portuguesa (ED), o Teste de Extensão de Dígitos direto e inverso (SPANdir; SPANinv), o Teste dos Blocos de Corsi direto e inverso (CORSIdir; CORSIinv), o Teste de Memória Episódica imediato e tardio (MEI; MET) e o Teste de compreensão da leitura (CLOZE). Os resultados mostraram uma distribuição normal para os diferentes cronotipos, com aumento na vespertinidade em adolescentes mais velhos. As queixas mais freqüentes (Teste qui-quadrado) foram insônia e muita necessidade de sono predominantes em vespertinos, independentemente do turno de estudo. Os adolescentes de cronotipo matutinos estavam menos sonolentos em relação aos vespertinos, em ambos os horários testados, sendo que os testados no horário da tarde estavam menos sonolentos que os da manhã (ANOVA; p < 0,05). A pontuação média na EL e ED classificou os adolescentes em alto nível acadêmico (ANA), média = ou > que 5 (n = 50) e baixo nível acadêmico (BNA), média < que 5 (n = 31). A análise do conjunto de dados de todos os 81 sujeitos (ANA e BNA) mostrou melhor desempenho no teste CORSIinv realizado no horário da tarde (R = -0,5) em adolescentes vespertinos e no teste MET no horário da manhã (R = -0,4) em adolescentes menos sonolentos (Teste de Spearman; p < 0,05). Quando se analisou apenas os sujeitos ANA observou-se melhor desempenho dos adolescentes matutinos nos testes SPANinv realizados no horário da manhã (R = 0,3) e no teste MEI no horário da tarde (R = 0,4). Também foi verificado melhor desempenho em adolescentes menos sonolentos nos testes CORSIinv (R = -0,6) e CLOZE (R = -0,5) realizados no horário da manhã (Teste de Spearman; p < 0,05). Em conjunto, essas análises demonstraram que o cronotipo, a sonolência diurna, o nível de leitura e o desempenho escolar exercem influência no desempenho em testes de memória. Mais ainda, mostram a importância de se avaliar o nível acadêmico do indivíduo para precisar a relação que cronotipo e a sonolência exercem sobre a memória / Abstract: This study investigated the distribution of different chronotypes (morning, indifferent and evening), the diurnal sleepiness, the performance in tests of memory and reading comprehension in students (12-17 years old) of both morning and afternoon school periods. In the Phase 1, we used the Chronotype Questionnaire (HO) and Sleep Complaints form (n = 435). In Phase 2 (n = 81) there has been used the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) immediately before the morning (7am) and afternoon (4:45pm) testing sessions, the Reading (SR) and School Performance in Portuguese Language (SP) Scales, the Digit Span (direct, SPANdir and inverse, SPANinv), Corsi Block (direct, CORSIdir and inverse, CORSIinv), Episodic Memory (immediate, IEM and late, LEM) and the reading comprehension test (Cloze). The results showed a normal distribution of the different chronotypes, with increased eveningness in older adolescents. The most frequent sleep complaints ( x -square test) were the need for longer sleep duration and the insomnia. Those complaints were more frequent in the evening type adolescents, regardless of the school period. The morning type adolescents were less sleepier than the evening type adolescents in both testing times, but during afternoon sessions they were less sleepier than during the morning sessions (ANOVA; p < 0,05). The adolescents were classified in high (HAL, score > 5, n = 50), or low academic level (LAL, score < 5, n = 31), accordingly to their SR and SP average score. The analysis considering all the 81 adolescents (ANA e BNA) indicated that evening type had better performance than the morning type adolescents in the CORSIinv test conducted at the afternoon time (R = -0.5), whereas less sleepy adolescents showed better performance than more sleepy adolescents (R = -0.4) in the MET test during the morning session (Spearman test; p < 0.05). Data analysis of the HAL students only showed that morning type adolescents performed better than evening type adolescents in the SPANinv test conducted in the morning (R = 0.3) and MEI test conducted in the afternoon (R= 0.4). Also the performance in CORSIinv (R = -0.6) and CLOZE tests (R = -0.5) was better in less sleepy than in more sleepy adolescents during the morning sessions (Spearman test; p < 0.05). Together, these results demonstrate that the performance of adolescents in memory tests can be influencied by their chronotype, sleepiness and level of academic performance. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that assessment of the academic level helps to clarify the role that chronotype and sleepiness have on memory / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_de_fatima.pdf: 1057708 bytes, checksum: 4092e1791d9928c0e64aeaefa09c2794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-06 / The dissertation thesis is inserted in the line of Language Research, Education and Socio-Cultural Organization, with the theme: "Analysis of Reading Strategies of Students for Higher Education and its reflection in the Understanding of Text." This study has investigated the reading strategies used by students in courses of Letras and Pedagogia in Universidade Federal do Piauí, trying to understand the reading process of these students, from the use of questionnaires and interviews with tasks that were answered in order to detect until point the use of "conscious strategies" might favor a correct reading, critical and autonomous. This is a descriptive study which we seek in on the grounds of textual Linguistics, based on social interactionist approach, the understanding of the formation of competence for reading and, in the discursive approach, especially the testimony of academics, research participants on reading a text of opinion: For Mônica, wife of João, Luca's mother Ruth de Aquino of the magazine "Time", which served as a model for assessment of competence; well with the written text productions, which make up the corpus of this study. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative, enabled us to observe some factors that proved significant enough to highlight the importance of having a strategic mindset, understanding of texts through the application of strategies, ie, what we want to emphasize is the fact that the activity of reading, developed allows the use metacognitive, and thus aware of reading strategies. The study confirmed, through the model of Goodman's reading, the use of "conscious strategy" to calculate the meaning and use of prior knowledge on the extraction of inferences. Thus to suggest that teaching of metacognitive strategy can contribute to the formation of this type of mentality-the strategic-and suggesting proposals to the challenges faced by educators and learners, particularly with regard to the effectiveness of the academic reader. The procedures were handled in accordance with the propositions of Bardin (2002), Dr.Gaskell ; Bauer(2002), Ghiglione (1982) and based on studies of orality to the transcript oral text to written that texts of academics. Organized into Units and textual sense meaning. / A dissertação está inserida na linha de Pesquisa de Linguagem, Educação e Organização Sócio-Cultural, com o tema: Análise das Estratégias de Leitura de Alunos do Ensino Superior e seu reflexo na Compreensão do Texto . Esta pesquisa investigou as estratégias de leitura, utilizadas pelos alunos dos Cursos de Letras e Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, buscando compreender o processo de leitura desses alunos, a partir da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas, com tarefas que foram respondidas, visando detectar até que ponto o uso de estratégias conscientes pode favorecer uma leitura correta, crítica e autônoma. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que buscamos, nos fundamentos da Linguística Textual, com base na abordagem sociointeracionista, o entendimento sobre a formação da competência para a leitura e, no enfoque discursivo, principalmente, os depoimentos dos acadêmicos, participantes da pesquisa, sobre a leitura de um texto de opinião: Para Mônica, mulher de João, mãe de Lucas de Ruth de Aquino da revista Época , que serviu de modelo para avaliação dessa competência; bem com as produções textuais escritas, que compõem o corpus desse estudo. A análise feita de caráter qualitativo como quantitativo, permitiu-nos observar alguns fatores que se mostraram bastantes significativos para evidenciarmos a relevância de termos uma mentalidade estratégica, na compreensão de textos, por meio de aplicação de estratégias, ou seja, o que queremos ressaltar é o fato de que a atividade de leitura, assim desenvolvida, possibilita a utilização metacognitiva e, portanto, consciente, das estratégias de leitura. O referido estudo confirmou, através do modelo de leitura de Goodman(1976), o uso de estratégias conscientes para o cálculo do sentido e o uso de conhecimento prévio, na extração de inferências. Dessa forma, sugerimos que o ensino da estratégia metacognitiva pode contribuir para a formação deste tipo de mentalidade- a estratégica-e pela sugestão de propostas aos desafios, enfrentados por educadores e educandos, particularmente, no que se refere à eficácia leitora dos acadêmicos. Os procedimentos foram guiados, de acordo com as proposições de Bardin(2002), Bauer; Gaskel (2002) , Ghiglione (1982); e nos estudos da oralidade para a transcrição do texto oral dos acadêmicos para o escrito. Organizados em Unidades textuais e de sentido