Inka Colonialism, the Chicha Consumption and the Feasting: A Perspective from the "Commensal Politics"This essay treats the "commensal politics" of feasting in the Inka state and its implications for understanding certain domains of political action and pre-Hispanic colonialism. State-sponsored feasts were usually political and ritual and comprised an important instrument in manipulating power relations and the public production and consumption of some food and drink. Some archeological and ethnographic implications of commensal politics also are discussed. / Este ensayo analiza el concepto de carácter de "banquetes políticos" de los festines o fiestas públicas en el Estado inka y sus implicancias con el fin de entender ciertos aspectos de la conducta política y el colonialismo prehispánicos. Por lo general, los banquetes auspiciados por el Estado son tanto rituales como políticos y constituyen un instrumento importante en el manejo de las relaciones políticas y del consumo de alimentos y bebida. Se discuten también algunas implicancias arqueológicas y etnográficas de los banquetes políticos.

Orientador: Jose Luiz dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T20:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_TaniaFedotovas_M.pdf: 10967271 bytes, checksum: 8ed4f9a715dcb91081a40a422c792739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como local empírico a cidade de Ouro Preto. A questão: investigo a vida social a partir de dois rituais, carnaval e Semana Santa, com o objetivo de compreender a relação entre patrimônio e turismo. Utilizo o conceito de drama social de Victor Turner. Concluo a tensão existente em Ouro Preto: viver em um núcleo simbólico e a vida social em uma cidade comum / Abstract: This research has as empiric local the city of Ouro Preto. My question (is): to research the social life by two rituals - Carnival and "Semana Santal". My goal is to understand the relation between national and world heritage and tourism. To do this I'm using the Victor Turner' s concept of social drama. At the end I verify a tension in Ouro Preto: to reside in a' symbolic nucleus and at the same time living the social life in a common city / Mestrado / Mestre em Antropologia Social

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:46:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla_Silva_Avila_Dissertacao.pdf: 16712733 bytes, checksum: 8b897056f191336bf22775608c103cc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-15 / Ce travail traite des organisations religieuses et politique de la ville de Pelotas. On a plongée intense dans les maisons de la religion africaine, fréquentée par les activistes noirs du mouvement. Afin de réaliser l'interface entre les domaines de la participation politique au champ de la religion. On a accompagné des pratiques rituelles quotidiennes qui servent de base d'une compréhension de la philosophie politique de la pratique de la religion. On a commencé avec la notion du mileu pour comprendre les points d'intersection de l'action sociale et politique avec les pratiques religieuses entre militants du mouvement noir, comme les fils et filles de la religion, les spectateurs des centres religieux. Plus conclusions peuvent être remarquées comme les points et les stratégies d'action politique qui vont au-delà de la lutte contre la discrimination ethnique et raciale ou la lutte contre le racisme. Ainsi, on a trouvé une philosophie politique qui imprègne des secteurs particuliers de la société, notamment sur l'intolérance religieuse et la défense de la santé / O presente trabalho parte das organizações afro-políticas da cidade de Pelotas até o mergulhar intensamente no universo das casas de religião de matriz africana freqüentadas por militantes do movimento negro. No intuito de perceber a interface entre os campos da participação política com o campo da religião, acompanhou-se o dia a dia de práticas rituais que servem como base do entendimento de uma filosofia política da prática desta religiosidade. Parte-se da noção de encruzilhada para compreender os pontos de intersecção da ação social e política com práticas religiosas, tantos dos militantes do movimento negro, como dos filhos e filhas de religião, freqüentadores dos centros afro-religiosos. Mais que conclusões, notam-se pontos e estratégias de ação política que vão para além das lutas contra a discriminação étnicoracial ou pelo combate ao racismo. Desse modo, percebe-se uma filosofia política particular que permeia setores da sociedade, principalmente no que tange à saúde, ao meio ambiente e à intolerância religiosa

In all languages of the eastern Indonesian island of Sumba, parallel speech is used in ritual contexts. In this study, some characteristics of parallel speech in Kambera are investigated. In the analysis of the structural types of couplets, the units of parallel speech, all the couplets found in Kapita (1987), and some additional materials, even from other Sumbanese languages, are used. In the rest of the investigation, only a sample of 100 couplets, here loosely defined as parallel speech units, in Kapita (1987) of the most common type is used, and the investigation is limited to formal (non-semantic) features which connect the two lines. The features investigated are number of syllables, words, and stresses and syntactic structure. In the discussion part, the question if the existence of non-parallel lines incorporating parallel pairs should be recognized and other questions are discussed. The conclusion summarizes the results about the different varieties of couplets and the formal connection between the two lines in them. / I alla språk på den östindonesiska ön Sumba användsparallellt tal i rituella sammanhang. I denna studie undersöks några egenskaperav parallellt tal i Kambera. I analysen av kupletters (enheter för parallellttal) strukturtyper används alla kupletter som finns i Kapita (1987) och en delannat material, även från andra sumbanesiska språk. I resten av undersökningenanvänds endast ett urval av 100 kupletter, här löst definierade som parallellatalenheter, i Kapita (1987) av den vanligaste typen, och undersökningen ärbegränsad till formella (icke-semantiska) drag som förbinder de två raderna. Dedrag som undersökts är antalet stavelser, ord och betoningar och syntaktiskstruktur. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras bl a om existensen av icke-parallellarader som inkorporerar parallella par bör erkännas. Slutsatserna summerarresultaten om de olika typerna av kupletter och den formella kopplingen mellande två raderna i dem.

Le post-partum immédiat recèle les fondamentaux de la situation anthropologique, tant pour le bébé que pour la mère et le père et pour le socius. La première matrice de la vie psychique subordonnée à « l’espace dyadique fondamental » procède de la complexe alchimie entre la tessiture de l’investissement maternel et le tempérament et les capacités de régulation du bébé, sans négliger la structure en abyme qui encadre le maternage. A partir d’une clinique étendue dans le champ de la périnatalité cette recherche s’intéresse avec une double méthodologie qualitative clinique (Chapitre 1) et quantitative « outillée » (Chapitre 2 et 3), à la construction d’un espace dyadique, indispensable à la croissance du bébé et à l’investissement maternel, aux vicissitudes de cette construction, à la fonction régulatrice des rituels (relayés par les dispositifs de soins périnataux actuels) qui offrent une scansion au travail de l’enfantement. La communication dyadique entre mère est bébé, dont nous repérons le point d’orgue précoce vers deux mois avec les premières protoconversations, est étudié comme une co-génése transmodale et asymétrique complexe, tant par la psychanalyse que par la théorie de l’attachement, l’approche développementale et les neurosciences. Cet espace unique et original, renouvelé à chaque nouvelle naissance se trame à partir des « les formants de l’investissement maternel », constituée par les vecteurs de la vie psychique et leur combinatoire qui fournissent l’économie nécessaire à la situation maternante. A partir des trois grands courants de pensée conceptuelle et de traitement thérapeutique des troubles du lien précoce nous recensons le formant « en transformation » celui de « la transmission » le formant « en séduction ». Ces avancées théorico-cliniques ont un triple objectif, construire une lecture nouvelle de l’intersubjectivité primaire, de l’édification de la conscience de soi chez le bébé, des mécanisme normaux et pathologiques des identifications et de l’empathie, soutenir le principe des soins, l’édification d’une sémiologie dyadique de la psychopathologie précoce et ouvrir sur un modèle incluant la dimension du précoce et de ses formes de symbolisation dans les cures d’adultes et la prise en charge institutionnelle des populations précaires ou limites. / The immediate postpartum period contains the basics of the anthropological situation, for the baby as well as for the mother and the father and the socius. Psychic life first matrix subject to “the basic dyadic space” comes from the complex alchemy between the range of maternal investment and disposition and the baby’s original control abilities, without ignoring the play within a play which surrounds mothering. From an extended study in the perinatal field, this research takes an interest, with a double methodology of qualitative study (chapter 1) and quantitative “equipped” one (chapter 2 and 3), in the construction of a dyadic space, essential for the baby’s development and for the maternal investment, to this construction ups and downs, for regulatory functions of these rituals (relayed by current perinatal cares) which gives a scansion to childbirth work. Dyadic communication between mother and baby, with a climax around two months old with the first protoconversations, is studied as an asymmetrical transmodal complex co-genesis by both psychoanalysis and attachment theory, by developmental approaches and neurosciences. This unique and original space, which is renewed after every birth, is woven from “the forming of maternal investment” composed from psychic life vectors and their combination which provides enough energy for the mothering situation. From the three major schools of conceptual thoughts and from therapeutic treatments of early relationship disorder, we identify the forming “in transformation”, the “transmission” one and the forming “in seduction”. These breakthroughs have a triple purpose: to built a new reading of primary intersubjectivity, the building of baby’s self-awareness, normal and pathological mechanism of identification and empathy, to support the principle of cares and the edification of a dyadic semiology of the early psychopathology and to lead to a model that will include the aspect of the “early” and its symbolism form in adult therapy and the institutional support of fragile or borderline population.

Cette thèse porte sur les bouffons rituels (kɔrɔdugaw) de la région de Ségou au Mali, elle analyse d’une part leur place dans la société malienne, d’autre part les procédés qui leur permettent d’élaborer cette forme bouffonne reconnaissable quelle que soit l'aire culturelle considérée. Caractérisée par un type de comportement à première vue contraire aux conduites sociales ordinaires, la figure du bouffon captive l’attention par des intrusions à la fois ludiques et subversives dans la vie quotidienne comme dans les cérémonies. Qualifié au Mali de « sans honte », ce type de comportement bouffon soulève plusieurs questions concernant ses mécanismes, son efficacité, l’équilibre entre norme et transgression, ou encore le positionnement dans la structure sociale d’une catégorie qui transcende à première vue tous les cadres.Pour y répondre, la bouffonnerie est appréhendée ici à partir des acteurs et de la description minutieuse de leurs interventions, de manière à explorer la manière décalée dont ils investissent la société. Les activités des bouffons sont tout d’abord mises en regard avec celles d’autres intervenants cérémoniels, comme les griots, les chasseurs et les forgerons avec qui ils partagent certains attributs, producteurs de musiques et de danses, gens de savoir, contre-sorcier ou encore agents suscitant des dons. En second lieu, la focale est mise sur la forme bouffonne par l’étude des situations forgées, des procédés récurrents mobilisés, et de leurs usages dans des contextes cérémoniels particuliers. Enfin, la morphogenèse de la catégorie sociale kɔrɔdugaw est analysée de même que la manière dont elle se positionne dans la structure sociale. Il se dégage de l’analyse un mode de présence complexe et processuel à la frontière entre l’individu et la société, par lequel émerge un pouvoir-faire adapté aux différents rôles sociaux qui leurs sont attribués. / This research is about the ritual clowns (kɔrɔdugaw) of the region of Segou, in Mali. It analyses both their place in the Malian society and the processes that allow them to develop this recognizable clowning form observed in every cultural areas. The figure of the ritual clown is characterized by a type of behaviour that seems in opposition to the ordinary social conducts. Both playful and subversive, it’s intrusion in everyday life or in ceremonies captivates the attention of all participants. This behaviour, qualified in Mali as "shameless", raises several questions concerning its mechanisms, its efficiency, the balance between standards and transgressions, or the positioning in the social order of such a category which, at first sight, transcends all the frames. To explore the unconventional way ritual clowns invest the society, the analysis rely on the meticulous description of these social actor’s interventions. Firstly, the activities of the clowns are compared with those of other ceremonial participants, such as the griots, the hunters and the blacksmiths, people with whom they share certain attributes as producers of music and dance, people of knowledge, agents against witchcraft, agents generating ritual gifts. Secondly, the focus is put on the clowning form through the study of the situations they create, their recurring processes, and their uses within particular ceremonial contexts. Finally, the morphogenesis of the social category kɔrɔdugaw is analysed as well as the way it positions itself within the broader social structure. Ritual clowning appears from the analysis as a complex and processual mode of presence that is on the border between the individual and the community, by which emerges a capacity to act, adapted to the various social roles it endorses.

Le théâtre en Centrafrique : de la théâtralité des rituels aux pratiques actuelles est un parcours de l’univers théâtral centrafricain. A travers le rituel du Ganza et celui du culte de Ngakola, précisément dans leurs aspects spectaculaires, ont été relevé des aspects théâtraux ou encore des éléments pouvant donner naissance à une forme théâtrale. Ces deux rituels ont fortement influencé certains hommes de théâtre centrafricains, qui n’ont pas manqué de les invoquer dans leurs créations artistiques. Les démarches de ces hommes étaient en réalité une quête vers la liberté. Ils voulaient d’une certaine manière se réapproprier une culture qu’ils commençaient à perdre au profit de celle du colonisateur. Le colonisateur, parrain d’un théâtre qui a du mal à se défaire - du « cordon ombilical » - des liens avec lui. Malgré l’indépendance et la renaissance de ce théâtre en 1960, avec la pièce A moléngué ti indépendance de l’Abbé Benoît Basile Siango, de multiples efforts restent à faire pour donner à l’art de Molière dans ce pays, ses plus belles lettres de noblesse sur tous les plans [artistiques, esthétiques, techniques, politiques et socio-économiques]. / The thesis entitled Drama in the Central African Republic : from the theatricality of rituals to contemporary practices, is a survey of the writing and production of plays in the Central African Republic. One can easily notice the theatrical elements, or elements that could give rise to some theatricality, in the Ganza ritual and the cult of Ngakola, especially when considering what relates to the spectacular in them. In the Central African Republic, these two rituals have had a great influence on certain number of playwrights who do allude them in their works. These writers are in fact aiming at more freedom. To a certain extent, they have been trying to recapture their own culture – a culture which they are gradually losing to that of the colonizer, the patron of the stage in the Central African Republic, with whom the link – the bondage – is hard to break. In spite of the independence of the country and of the revival of the theater in 1960 with the play entitled A moléngué ti independence by Father Benoît Basile Siango, considerable efforts still have to be made so that Molière’s art may regain its prestige [in terms of artistry, estheticism, techniques, as welle as political, social and economic commitment] in the Central African Republic.

(in English) The aim of this thesis is to document the Pre-Columbian understanding of the world based on the early colonial text Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España. The author of this book is a Franciscan Friar Bernardino de Sahagún, for that reason I also focus in the introductory chapters of this thesis on the Franciscan activity in the area of the former "Aztec Empire" straight after the conquest. To provide a complete introduction into the context I also include basic information about the Aztec civilization before the arrival of the Spaniards and about the dramatic encounter of these two cultures. The core of my work is a summary and an analysis of Historia general. In this thesis the Pre-Columbian culture is presented throught its two aspects - the spiritual and the "mundane". The content of the thesis provides information about the singificance of the gods in the life of the Aztecs, the rituals dedicated to them, political administration of the "empire" but as well for example the education of the young girls and boys in the Aztec society. Based on the analysis of the Sahagún's text I also mention the distortion of some parts of the text and I point out the necessity for critical reading of his work.

This master's thesis deals with sacrifice by decapitation. Its goal is to describe systematicaly this phenomenon which was widely practiced in the Mesoamerican area. To accomplish this there were firstly introduced the main interpretation lines of human sacrifice. The importance of maize for the Mesoamerican culture was described in the next chapter. The third part of this thesis introduces some Aztec festivities which are connected with ritual decapitation in Sahagún's Historia general. Then this thesis deals with the main aspects of the Mesoamerican ballgame and its connection with the story of the Hero twins from Popol Vuh is introduced here and analyzed. The fourth chapter describes the methods of ritual decapitation. It deals with the question of the fixation method described by Sahagún as "espaldas con espaldas" and the question of the ritual instrument which should have been used in this situation. Then it describes this method in the context of Maya sacrifices. The final part deals with the posthumous dealing with the head and the body of the sacrifices. Big part is given to the problem of tzompantli and the treating of the body. Two main techniques are presented here - skinning and ritual cannibalism. Then it describes the Maya techniques of treating the head which include storing skulls...

In a world of increasing religious/political tensions and conflicts this study asks, what is the transformative significance of an arts and ritual-based approach to developing and encouraging women’s spiritual and multi-faith leadership? To counter destructive worldviews and practices that have divided people historically, politically, personally and sacredly, the study reinforces the political and spiritual value of women spiritual and multi-faith leaders creating and holding sacred space for truth making and world making. An a/r/tographic and mindful inquiry was engaged to assist self and group reflection within a group of women committed to multi-faith education and leadership in their communities. The objectives of the study were: 1) to explore through collaboration, ritual and art making processes the women’s experience of knowing and not knowing, 2) to articulate a curriculum for multi-faith consciousness raising, and 3) to develop a pedagogy and methodology that can serve as a catalyst for individual and societal change and transformation. The co-participants/co-inquirers (including the lead researcher as a member of the group) are fourteen women, who practice within eleven different religions and/or spiritual backgrounds, and who are part of a volunteer planning team that organizes an annual women’s multi-faith conference (Women’s Spirituality Celebration) in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The aesthetic/ritual structure of the labyrinth served as a cross-cultural multi-faith symbol in guiding the dissertation, which includes three art installations and four documentary DVDs of the process and art. New understandings found in the study include: 1) the ethical sanctuary that a/r/tography as ritual enables for personal and collective change to take place within, 2) the addition of synecdoche to the renderings of a/r/tography, assisting a multi-dimensional spiral movement towards a whole a/r/tographic practice, 3) a lived and radically relational curriculum of philetics within loving community that drew forth the women’s erotic life force energy and enhanced the women’s ability to remember the power of the feminine aspect of the Divine, and 4) the decolonization of the Divine, art and education, which took place as a pedagogy of wholeness unfolded, requiring a dialectic relationship between restorative and transformative learning. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate