CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Department of Electronic Culture and Semiotics Bc. Jakub Turčan Phenomenon Almodóvar (The Interdigitation of "Small Worlds" in the Work of Pedro Almodóvar) Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Josef Fulka, Ph.D. Thesis Abstract Prague 2013 Abstract The paper focuses on the problem of authorship by means of an in-depth analysis of the film work of the Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar. The analysis is preceded by setting the author's work in the context of its origin, introduction of its so far existing content, as well as the concepts this work employs. Due to the hypertextual character of this postmodern oeuvre, the study is based on the concept of small worlds by Umberto Eco, hence the worlds of fiction with limited content in comparison to the actual world. The complete film work is perceived as a self- contained, yet within its character an ever open Text. The interdigitation of its small worlds is understood as a series of intratextual references, however the work also monitors its intertextual and, as a blend of these two, the transtextual content. Presenting the directors unique signature, combining several known approaches of the film creation with his own style- constituting elements, the analysis adduces the auteurist character - first described by the film...

This study examines the discursive development of the viral online phenomenon known by the hashtag #swedengate. Having originally revolved around Swedish dinner customs, the discussion and the meaning of ‘Swedengate’ soon came to encompass more serious themes, including various forms of criticism directed at Sweden. Due to the political significance such a development could imply, this study aims to map the renegotiation of meaning of the phenomenon over time and analyze it using a discourse theoretical framework. Moreover, to reflect upon the political aspect of such renegotiation, by contrasting Swedengate to literature on hashtag politics, virality and nation branding. Empirically, the study draws on Twitter hashtag data that represents concurrent hashtag usage related to the hashtag #swedengate within a time span of 39 weeks. Using social network analysis, this data is visualized and presented as a network graph offering a discursive and temporal representation of the interaction that is constitutive of Swedengate. With reference to several of Laclau and Mouffe's key concepts, the analysis shows that the graph can be understood as an articulation process, within which the hashtag #sweden functions as a floating signifier whose meaning is negotiated upon by various antagonistically positioned discourses. As a result of the floating signifier being articulated differently and through the formation of equivalence chains, the meaning of Swedengate came to include everything from vaccine skepticism to criticism of the Swedish government. Consequently, the study discusses the possibility of phenomenon such as Swedengate being exploited by actors with a specific political ambition.

[pt] A partir de uma leitura detalhada do Seminário 3 de Jacques Lacan, pretendemos demonstrar como o percurso do autor, no referido seminário, estabelece uma abordagem clínica das psicoses fundada em sua concepção do inconsciente estruturado como uma linguagem do sujeito freudiano, como o que advém dos efeitos da linguagem. Apesar de tratar-se de uma abordagem já significativamente explorada, permanecem ainda em germe algumas de suas orientações, especialmente as que concernem o modo de intervenção do analista tomando por base o relato do analisante ao pé da letra, ou seja, como indica Lacan, a partir de seus elementos de materialidade significante, em detrimento da abordagem clássica pelo sentido e pela significação do discurso analisante. Para tanto, acompanhamos o percurso do autor, no sentido de constituir uma lógica geral da estrutura da linguagem e seguir uma lógica específica para a psicose, distinta daquela das neuroses. / [en] From the detailed reading of Jacques Lacan s seminar 3 we intend to demonstrate how in the course of the referred seminar, Lacan stablishes clinical treatment guidelines of the psychosis founded by his conception of the unconscious as language structured by the Freudian subject as a product of language effects. Despite being a well explored clinical guideline, a few of its orientations are still to be developed specially those concerning the analyst s method of intervention, considering as a standard to take literally what the analysand has to say, in other words, as Lacan implies, from elements of the materiality of the signifier in opposition to the classic approach by the meaning and signification of the analysands discourse. Therefore, we follow the course trailed by Lacan in a way of stablishing a general logic of the language structure, and next, follow a specific logic of the psychosis that differs from the neurosis.

Blacks who have descended from the nineteenth century Atlantic slave trade have historically debated and worked to claim a sense of cultural identity that reflects their African heritage and their identity as diasporic. I am particularly interested in how people of the black Atlantic claim their multiple identities since, for people of a diaspora, one main factor is the fact that they inhabit multiple spaces but cannot call any home. How does transnationalism become a better way to describe the cultural identity of those in the "black Atlantic" since these people have to create new or adapted identities as they move from place to place? For Paul Gilroy, the "black Atlantic" applies to people who descended from slaves forced to come to New World (19). In a sense, slavery is a major part of African diasporic history, but I would claim that as time has progressed and people of this lineage came to find homes in the Caribbean, America, and Europe and they have not lost their heritage. Instead, they have retained these identities in a transnational sense. Multiple cultural identities become integrated into each transnational individual, making each person unique to his or her culture without losing sight of his or her common heritage. I explore these identity formations through a close reading of The Butterfly's Way: Voices from the Haitian Dyaspora (sic) in the United States (2001), a collection of short stories, poetry, and personal accounts from Haitian diaspora in the United States, whose stories delve into the issue of transnational identity. The idea of diaspora as read in the text of The Butterfly's Way emphasizes that the more fluid and encompassing terms of hybridity and transnationalism more accurately describe the geographical movements and consequential amassing of black identification within Paul Gilroy's concept of the "black Atlantic." My analysis is supported by a survey of theoretical discourses, particularly those related to black identity. I utilize post-colonial theory while focusing particularly on transnationalism and diasporic studies through Stuart Hall, as well as W.E.B. Du Bois's conception of "double consciousness" to support and develop my argument on how blacks negotiate multiple identities (11). To discuss the formation of a people, I use the work of political theorist Ernesto Laclau, in particular, his arguments in On Populist Reason (2007) on group identity and demand. Gilroy's concept of the "black Atlantic" has many similarities to Laclau’s notion of the "empty signifier" as a way for people to form groups for collective action. I conclude that transnationalism works as better way to describe the black diaspora since black descendants of slaves have retained multiple identities as Africans as well as citizens of their current nations. My paper argues that transnationalism and hybridity function as better terms to describe people who have the Atlantic slave trade in their history.

Este trabalho discute o emprego da topologia como ramo da matemática nos desenvolvimentos teóricos de Jacques Lacan. O ponto de partida é a crítica apresentada por Sokal quanto à falta de fundamento deste recurso em seu uso pela psicanálise, em contraposição às afirmações lacanianas quanto a ser a topologia a própria estrutura. O objetivo central é defender a idéia de que o recurso metodológico à topologia, às matemáticas e à lógica é compatível com o conceito de significante, oriundo do estruturalismo saussuriano e este pode ser fundamentado na noção lógica de conjunto tal como a matemática, após Cantor o concebeu. Discute-se três argumentos contrários a uma possível formalização nas ciências do homem: o da qualidade, o do sentido e o da singularidade. Realiza-se em seguida: (1) uma análise das relações entre o conceito de significante e o de conjunto a partir dos axiomas da teoria de Zermelo-Fraenkel, (2) a apresentação de uma possível lógica para o significante tomado em suas relações de significação tal como a psicanálise lacaniana as concebe, e (3) a proposição do emprego do conceito matemático de modelo, como o que reúne o conceito de conjunto à lógica. Os três resultados obtidos baseiam-se nos desenvolvimentos do filósofo francês Alain Badiou em seu esforço de discutir filosofia através do mesmo recurso à matemática. Conclui-se que nos limites da fundamentação da lógica e da matemática encontra-se os problemas que também norteiam as investigações psicanalíticas a respeito da subjetividade e de suas possíveis transformações / The present study discusses the use of topology as a branch in mathematics in Jacques Lacans theoretical developments. The starting point is the criticism presented by Sokal concerning a supposed lack of fundament of such an appeal in its use within psychoanalysis, contrary to lacanians assertions of topology as its proper structure. Our central objective is to defend the idea that the methodological appeal to topology, to mathematics and to logic is indeed compatible with the concept of significant, as brought by saussurian structuralism, and that the former concept can be grounded on the logical concept of set, as mathematics after Cantor conceived it. Three arguments that oppose to a possible formalization within human sciences are discussed: one concerning quality, one regarding meaning and one that affirms singularity. The following are developed in the sequence: (1) an analysis of the relations between the concept of significant and that of set, according to the axioms of Zermelo- Fraenkel theory, (2) a presentation of a possible logic for the significant taken in its signifying relations, as lacanian psychoanalysis conceives it, and (3) a proposition of adoption of the mathematical concept of model, as one that unites the concept of set and logic. These three results are based on Alain Badious developments and effort to discuss philosophy through this same appeal to mathematics. One concludes that in the very limits of mathematical and logic fundaments one finds the same problems that guide psychoanalytical research regarding subjectivity and its possible transformation

Ma thèse présente une analyse du signifiant Europe dans trois corpus allemand, français, britannique. Chaque corpus contient les programmes électoraux européens des partis politiques nationaux qui ont obtenu au moins une fois un siège au Parlement Européen. La période commence aux premières élections européennes en 1979 et se termine avec les élections européennes de 2004.Une analyse lexicométrique du signifiant Europe dans les trois langues révèle de nouvelles perspectives pour la compréhension linguistique de la notion d'Europe dans ces champs politico-discursifs. Elle permet de tirer des conclusions sur les problèmes de communication au niveau européen, sur l'objectif politique de l'Union Européenne et la légitimation du pouvoir de l'UE. Selon notre hypothèse de recherche, une telle légitimation se fonde sur une conception imaginaire de l'identité européenne commune aux différents peuples. Même si le pouvoir politique peut considérer qu'il est légitimé par une telle conception, l'analyse révèle des différences importantes entre les conceptions imaginaires circulant dans les trois champs discursifs comparés.L'analyse lexicométrique est exploitée sur le plan quantitatif mais aussi au niveau qualitatif. A l'échelle quantitative, l'index, les spécificités d'Europe, ses quasi-synonymes et les cooccurrences d'Europe sont analysés et interprétés. L'approche qualitative du contexte du segment thématique répété Europe est...' conduit à des conclusions supplémentaires. L'analyse de ce segment définitoire cherche à rendre visible, dans une démarche pragmatique, le contenu impliqué des différents énoncés. Cela conduit à figurer l'horizon sémantique au sein duquel le signe Europe apparaît. Les positionnements de la notion d'Europe et les argumentations liées à l'expression linguistique dans les trois différents corpus sont comparés dans cette phase de la recherche afin de mettre en évidence l'horizon discursif dans lequel apparaît la notion d'Europe. / My PhD thesis analysis the signifier Europe in three corpora composed of German, French and British texts. Every corpus contains elections manifestos from national political parties that were represented in the European Parliament at least once with one a seat. The study starts with the first European elections 1979 and ends with the European elections of 2004.An analysis with the help of textual statistical measurements reveals new perspectives on the language comprehension of the notion Europe in the three different fields of political discourses. It allows conclusions about communication problems on a European level, about the political objectives of the European Union and about the legitimation of its political power. According to the research hypothesis the legitimation of the political power of the European Union is based on an imagined conception of a common European identity. Even if the political actors claim that they are legitimized by such an identity the study reveals something different. It shows some substantial differences between the imagined conceptions circulating within the three studied fields of political discourses.The textual corpora are explored with quantitative measurements and also with qualitative methods of text analysis. The frequency, the specific use of Europe and its quasi-synonyms, as the collocation of Europe are measured quantitatively. Additional conclusions were drawn from the qualitative analysis of the thematic word unit Europe is'. The analysis of this word unit is based on a pragmatic understanding of sense and tries to bring to evidence the implied content of the different utterances. In doing so, the semantic horizon of the sign Europe can be represented. During this research phase argumentations linked to the linguistic expression Europe are explored in order to analyse the discursive horizon in which the notion is used in the different discourses.

近年來，台灣社會當中掀起了一股「台客文化」熱潮，不但有越來越多人以「台客」自稱，亦有「台客」為名的書籍出版、以「台客」為名的活動舉辦，形成了一股文化「台」風，本文探究「台客文化」之社會想像的形成及其文化意義。 「台客」這個詞彙最早起自於50年代，外省人嘲笑講國語不標準的本省人是「台客」，近年來則又在青少年次文化場域中興起，指著穿著打扮很俗氣、不入流的人，多半帶有鄙視的意味。不過，2005年八月，歌手伍佰、陳昇等人舉辦「台客搖滾」演唱會，翻轉「台客」一詞原來的負面意涵，將「台客」視為一種「驕傲的認同」，聲言「在台灣，人人都是台客」、「台客就是台灣的文化」，帶動了社會中「以台客為榮」的「新台客」論述，以「台灣特色」形成「台客文化」的想像軸心，使得檳榔西施、歌手伍佰的搖滾樂、傳統的布袋戲……等均接合進入「台客文化」的想像中，形成了一股「台客文藝復興運動」。不同於當前「台客」的研究多半將「台客」的意義固定、本質化的處理，在觀察的取徑上，本文採用拉克勞與慕芙(Laclau&Mouffe)霸權／論述理論中的「空符徵」(empty signifier)概念作為切入此一現象的理論與方法，考察「台客」一詞意義流變的論述軌跡，如何從一個狹義的風格指稱，逐漸擴大成了一個促動關於「我們台灣」之文化共同體的想像的符號。 本文以為，使得「台客」擴大成為代表「我們台灣」的空符徵之所以可能，乃在於「新台客」論述將「台客」建構為一種得以與美、日、韓與之抗衡、代表我們台灣特色的文化想像，吸納了台灣社會流行文化語境當中長期以來始終處於哈韓、哈日、哈美而獨缺哈台的文化認同焦慮情緒以及隨之期望「哈台」的文化民族主義文化主體慾望，成為文化全球化衝擊之下，一種「本土化」力量的抗衡與反撲。另一方面，本文也發現，在「人人都是台客」、「台客就是台灣文化」這樣文化共同體的光明號召論述下，看似「眾聲喧嘩」的「台客文化」想像之中，仍有一個「主音」是被明顯合唱的——那麼便是將在過去國民黨語言政策下所壓制的遭到禁制的台語歌、布袋戲、歌仔戲，在這一波「新台客」論述中以「台客」之名重新被歡呼，一方面是針對「舊台客」論述當中的語言歧視問題藉著「新台客」的意義重整進行象徵鬥爭，另一方面亦顯露了「台客文化」的形構力量，除了相對於「全球化」的「本土化」意識之外，亦顯露了與「中國」相對的「本土化」力量，在兩種「本土化」的交錯張力之中，開啟了通俗文化場域當中「台灣性」(Taiwaness)的想像起點。

Le titre de cette thèse renvoie, de manière explicite, au célèbre recueil de Pier Paolo Pasolini Les cendres de Gramsci. L’influence de Pascoli sur Pasolini n’explique qu’une partie du titre. Les cendres de Pascoli se réfèrent plus précisément à la réception du poète de San Mauro, avec une attention spéciale portée à ce qui reste de son travail. À cet égard, de la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu’aux années soixante du XXe, la continuité de la critique pascolienne a joué un rôle central. C’est à la fin de ce parcours qu’il nous est apparu que les différentes voix de la critique ont fini par dialoguer entre elles, en composant comme un réseau et en renvoyant au lecteur une image vivante de Pascoli et de son œuvre. Gianfranco Contini et Pier Paolo Pasolini n’auraient pas pu marquer un tournant dans la réception de l’œuvre de Pascoli s’il n’y avait pas eu au début du XXe siècle les critiques de Emilio Cecchi, Arturo Onofri ou de Renato Serra. De leurs études émerge l’image de Pascoli poète de la modernité, un aspect que Jean-Charles Vegliante réaffirme encore aujourd’hui, en soulignant jusqu’à quel point la poésie de Pascoli a continué à agir sur la littérature nationale, le Montale des Ossi par exemple, et au delà. Et cela en dépit du discrédit que les critiques de Benedetto Croce ont jeté sur l’œuvre de Pascoli, au point de le considérer le « poeta delle maestrine ».La continuité de la critique nous a permis aussi de saisir l’importance du contexte historique dans la réception littéraire. À côté de l’étude diachronique, nous avons développé un travail sur deux poèmes parmi les plus emblématiques de Pascoli – Italy (cinquième chapitre) et Gog et Magog (huitième chapitre) –, afin de comprendre les idéologies sous-jacentes aux différentes approches que nous avons essayé de reconstituer. Ce choix n’a pas été anodin, ces deux poèmes, au cœur du travail mythopoïétique de Pascoli, ayant divisé les critiques. Aujourd’hui Pascoli, dont les qualités poétiques permettent de remonter jusqu’à Dante et Pétrarque, représente un des Italiens majeurs qu’il serait important de faire mieux connaître en France. / The title of this thesis refers, explicitly, to the famous Pier Paolo Pasolini’s collection, The ashes of Gramsci. Pascoli’s influence on Pasolini explains only in part the title of the thesis. The ashes of Pascoli refers more specifically to the reception of the poet of San Mauro, together with a special attention to the effects on his work. According to this point of view, the continuity of Pascolian criticism has played a central role: from the end of the nineteenth century until the sixties of the twentieth century. It was at the end of this journey that it became clear to us that the different voices of criticism ended up interacting with each other, composing a network and giving a living image of Pascoli and his work to the reader. Gianfranco Contini and Pier Paolo Pasolini could not have marked a turning point in the reception of Pascoli’s work if he had not received the criticisms from Emilio Cecchi, Arturo Onofri or Renato Serra at the beginning of the 20th century. In their studies the image of Pascoli clearly emerges as poet of modernity, an aspect that Jean-Charles Vegliante still reaffirms today, highlighting as the poetry of Pascoli has continued to act on the national literature, for example on Montale of the Ossi, and beyond. And this in spite of the discredit that the Benedetto Croce's criticisms have cast on the work of the Pascoli to the point of considering him as the “ poeta delle maestrine”.The continuity of the criticism has also allowed us to grasp the importance of the historical context in the literary reception. Alongside the diachronic study, we have developed a work on two of the most emblematic poems of Pascoli – Italy (fifth chapter) and Gog and Magog (eighth chapter) – in order to understand the ideologies underlying the different approaches we have tried to reconstitute. This choice was not insignificant. These two poems, at the heart of the mythopoetic work of Pascoli, have divided critics. Nowadays Pascoli, whose poetic qualities make it possible to go back to Dante and Petrarch, represents one of the major Italian poets that it would be really significant to make him known in France.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlenuskaNRQS_DISSERT.pdf: 781275 bytes, checksum: d75de5ab7f88cdf7e4e64acfc12884c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / This paper is a case study that aims to discuss the effects of drug abuse by a person with psychotic structure from a psychoanalytical perspective. The interest in this subject was born from an internship experience in the Mental Health area in which a psychotic patient had a drug abuse problem and the service treating him had difficulties dealing with this. In order to accomplish the objective of this work four theoretical chapters were written and the case is discussed throughout them articulating the theoretical issues with clinical practice. A literature review revealed that Freud and Lacan did not dedicate themselves to the study of the effect of drug use by psychotic patients but they made important contributions unfolding the theoretical and clinical psychoanalytical practice. Contemporary psychoanalytic authors suggest that the drug use made by psychotics differs from the use by neurotics, because of the particularity of the psychotic structure. It was found that drug use in psychosis can operate in three different ways: the first refers to drug use as substitute of a missing signifier helping the psychotic patient building a social bond. The second function is to intensify psychotic phenomena and the third function is to operate as an attempt to diminish those same phenomena. We conclude that, while the use of drugs in neurosis provides an individualist way of satisfaction, that excludes social aspects. For psychosis such use may operate differently and may play a role in social integration, among others effects. Such discussion can help move forward the direction of treatment of psychosis when the case involves drug use / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir, a partir de um caso cl?nico e ? luz da psican?lise, quais os diferentes modos de opera??o do uso de drogas sobre a estrutura psic?tica e quais seriam os efeitos e as particularidades dessa articula??o. O interesse pelo tema nasceu a partir de uma experi?ncia de est?gio na ?rea de Sa?de Mental, na qual havia um paciente psic?tico que fazia uso de drogas, assim como existia uma dificuldade do servi?o em como e onde tratar esse usu?rio. Para atingirmos nosso objetivo, constru?mos quatro cap?tulos te?ricos nos quais o caso cl?nico ? retomado algumas vezes em articula??o com as discuss?es levantadas, a fim de aproximarmos a pesquisa te?rica com a pr?tica cl?nica, o que caracteriza o m?todo deste trabalho como te?rico-cl?nico. A revis?o de literatura revelou que Freud e Lacan n?o se dedicaram ao estudo dessa tem?tica, mas deram contribui??es importantes que se desdobram atualmente no campo te?rico e na pr?tica cl?nica. Autores psicanal?ticos contempor?neos apontam que o uso feito por psic?ticos ? diferente do uso feito por neur?ticos, pois o psic?tico possui particularidades que s?o de estrutura. Constatou-se que o uso de drogas na psicose pode operar de tr?s modos distintos: o primeiro refere-se ao uso de droga enquanto supl?ncia ? aus?ncia do significante que insere o psic?tico no la?o social; O segundo tem a fun??o de intensifica??o dos fen?menos psic?ticos e o terceiro opera como tentativa de apaziguamento desses mesmos fen?menos. Conclui-se que, enquanto o uso de drogas na neurose pode oferecer um modo de satisfa??o individualista que prescinde do social, na psicose esse uso pode operar de maneira diversa, podendo ter uma fun??o de desencadeamento, de estabiliza??o, de inser??o social, dentre outras. Tal discuss?o permite avan?armos na dire??o do tratamento da psicose, quando o caso inclui o uso de drogas, bem como na dire??o do tratamento das toxicomanias

Este trabalho discute o emprego da topologia como ramo da matemática nos desenvolvimentos teóricos de Jacques Lacan. O ponto de partida é a crítica apresentada por Sokal quanto à falta de fundamento deste recurso em seu uso pela psicanálise, em contraposição às afirmações lacanianas quanto a ser a topologia a própria estrutura. O objetivo central é defender a idéia de que o recurso metodológico à topologia, às matemáticas e à lógica é compatível com o conceito de significante, oriundo do estruturalismo saussuriano e este pode ser fundamentado na noção lógica de conjunto tal como a matemática, após Cantor o concebeu. Discute-se três argumentos contrários a uma possível formalização nas ciências do homem: o da qualidade, o do sentido e o da singularidade. Realiza-se em seguida: (1) uma análise das relações entre o conceito de significante e o de conjunto a partir dos axiomas da teoria de Zermelo-Fraenkel, (2) a apresentação de uma possível lógica para o significante tomado em suas relações de significação tal como a psicanálise lacaniana as concebe, e (3) a proposição do emprego do conceito matemático de modelo, como o que reúne o conceito de conjunto à lógica. Os três resultados obtidos baseiam-se nos desenvolvimentos do filósofo francês Alain Badiou em seu esforço de discutir filosofia através do mesmo recurso à matemática. Conclui-se que nos limites da fundamentação da lógica e da matemática encontra-se os problemas que também norteiam as investigações psicanalíticas a respeito da subjetividade e de suas possíveis transformações / The present study discusses the use of topology as a branch in mathematics in Jacques Lacans theoretical developments. The starting point is the criticism presented by Sokal concerning a supposed lack of fundament of such an appeal in its use within psychoanalysis, contrary to lacanians assertions of topology as its proper structure. Our central objective is to defend the idea that the methodological appeal to topology, to mathematics and to logic is indeed compatible with the concept of significant, as brought by saussurian structuralism, and that the former concept can be grounded on the logical concept of set, as mathematics after Cantor conceived it. Three arguments that oppose to a possible formalization within human sciences are discussed: one concerning quality, one regarding meaning and one that affirms singularity. The following are developed in the sequence: (1) an analysis of the relations between the concept of significant and that of set, according to the axioms of Zermelo- Fraenkel theory, (2) a presentation of a possible logic for the significant taken in its signifying relations, as lacanian psychoanalysis conceives it, and (3) a proposition of adoption of the mathematical concept of model, as one that unites the concept of set and logic. These three results are based on Alain Badious developments and effort to discuss philosophy through this same appeal to mathematics. One concludes that in the very limits of mathematical and logic fundaments one finds the same problems that guide psychoanalytical research regarding subjectivity and its possible transformation