Självledarskap är ett forskningsområde som blev ett omtalat fenomen under mitten av 1980-talet. Det finns dock inte mycket forskning kring hur självledarskap kommer till uttryck inom en specifik organisation. Vi ville, genom en kvalitativ studie, skapa en ökad förståelse för hur självledarskap kommer till uttryck genom organisationskultur på e- handelsföretaget Desenio. Tre självledarskapsstrategier användes för att tolka och skapa en förståelse för självledarskapet i organisationen. Vi utförde en fallstudie som inkluderade tio intervjuer med medarbetare och Vd:n på företaget som fick berätta om sina erfarenheter och föreställningar om självledarskap. För att skapa en förståelse för omgivningen och kulturen utförde vi även observationer på Desenio som ett komplement till de utförda intervjuerna. Vi kunde i vår studie identifiera de tre självledarskapsstrategierna hos samtliga medarbetare. Vad som framgick var dock att ingen av strategierna fullt ut kunde identifieras hos medarbetarna, utan att strategierna till viss del identifierades. Vi kom även fram till att organisationskulturen format självledarskapet då medarbetarnas arbetssätt och beteenden speglas av kulturen och värderingarna på Desenio. / Self-leadership is a concept within leadership research that emerged in the mid-1980s. However, there are only a few studies about self-leadership within a specific organization. Our aim was therefore to develop a greater understanding of how self-leadership is expressed within the e-commerce organization Desenio. We explored how the organizational culture has shaped self-leadership within the organization. We used three cognitive and behavioral self-leadership strategies to develop a greater understanding of how self-leadership is expressed in the organization. We have made a qualitative case study that includes ten interviews with employees and the CEO of the organization, where the individuals expressed their experiences and thoughts about self-leadership. We completed the empirical study with observations of the working environment to get a better understanding of the culture. The implications of the study are that the three self- leadership strategies could be identified in the employees. However, none of the strategies could be identified to a full extent. We also concluded that the organizational culture has shaped self-leadership since the work behavior of the employees could be related to the culture and the values at Desenio.

L'adolescent ne peut se construire socialement qu'en sortant de l'histoire dans laquelle l'adulte l'a inscrit, pour se créer sa propre histoire. Mais sortir de l'histoire de l'Autre ne veut pas dire s'en défaire totalement, car nous n'échappons pas au poids de l'héritage. Il s'agit de s'approprier certains aspects de cette histoire héritée et d’en rejeter d'autres pour laisser la place à de nouveaux emprunts et appropriations qui ne peuvent s'actualiser que dans la relation à l'Autre. La construction de soi passe donc inévitablement par des tracés de frontières sociales toujours renégociées et concrétisées par la création et l'appropriation d'usages sociaux.Cette thèse a pour but d'analyser comment ces processus de construction identitaire se manifestent dans et par la construction de nouveaux usages ou par la réappropriation d’usages existants. Elle aura pour terrain d'observation les pratiques sociales en usage dans le rap français, musique d'adolescents par excellence, non seulement parce qu'écoutée, mais aussi et surtout parce que construite par des adolescents (généralement, on entre dans le rap en début d’adolescence).Il s'agira d’abord de montrer comment l’identité du rap français s’est construite, à la croisée d’histoires présentes et passées, en mettant en évidence la manière dont le rapport dialectique au principe de la personne impose à ces jeunes la construction de frontières particulières qui font d'eux ces rappeurs particuliers, par opposition aux non-rappeurs, mais aussi aux rappeurs non français, américains par exemple. Ensuite, il s’agira de comprendre pourquoi un certain type d’adolescents a fait le choix d’adhérer au monde du rap, et comment les pratiques rapologiques conditionnent la manière dont leur identité sociale se construit. / In his identity building process, an adolescent has to establish a separation from family history in order to start building up his own. However, separating oneself from the Other’s history does not mean getting rid of it definitively, as nobody can escape the weight of social inheritance. It is mainly a question of appropriating some aspects of the inherited past while rejecting others to allow for new borrowings and appropriations, which is possible only through contact with others. Therefore, the construction of oneself clearly depends on the definition of social boundaries which are repeatedly negotiated and which find their expression in the creation and the appropriation of new social practices.The aim of this thesis is to analyse the identity construction process and especially the construction of new social practices – or the re-appropriation of existing ones – which formalise it. This will be done by observing some of those social practices which are typical of French rap as a kind of music mainly prized by adolescents: it is not only listened to but also practised by adolescents (they usually get into rap music at the very beginning of their teenage years).The first task will be to show that the identity of French rap is the result of multiple interferences between past and present cultures. The purpose is to highlight the force of the dialectical relationship which is central to the construction of the social being. Particular attention will be paid to this dialectical relationship as a key factor of the way these young people define themselves as a specific group of rappers, in contrast to those who do not belong to the rap world, but also in contrast to foreign rappers, such as American ones. Then, the objective will be to explain why certain teenagers have decided to be part of the rap world and how the rap practices determine their identity formation process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemary Rodrigues Miguel.pdf: 1279985 bytes, checksum: 359347d13e970d718895332696ae4d8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-11 / The interest regarding the aging theme has been increasing in the world scenery and in Brazil along half second the century XX. In the Analysis of the Behavior, Skinner (1983) suggested that aging should be studied as any other behavior through the paradigm of the selection by consequences. Moreover, the understanding that the human aging could be analyzed as social phenomenon and how it has been socially constructed by the press, under Guerin's perspective, was the goal of this present research. To verify how that has been occurring, the digital file of the magazine Veja was chosen for analyzing a way of great circulation communication. Digitalized issues between 1968 and 2009 were analyzed, selected from the key words related to aging theme. Besides that, such issues were analyzed regarding their formal aspects and of content, and the last were highlighted starting from themes referred to the present aging in Skinner's book (1983) on the old age. The main results show that the biggest number of issues was the Reports, however, they introduced a little expressive number along 41 years of publication. Most issues were written by professionals or people of the area of the health or of the aging, and the information was directly geared to the senior people in majority. It could be verified that great part of the information supplied by the media on the aging had, as antecedent, other verbal reports revealing a possible linkage, being intra verbal behaviors which are the base for the socially constructed knowledge according to Guerin. The distribution of the issues along the time belonged to an irregular way, highlighting years of 1983 and after 1999, what suggests a relation with important events: the Senior National Year and the Senior International Year, respectively. This fact is important, because it suggests that the media answers to the opportunities that the market offers, aiming to please consumers and to increase profits, carrying to the matter if it really promotes a social construction of the aging. Regarding the most discussed subjects, these were found: Cares with the Health, Emotional Alterations in the Aging, Physiologic Process of the Aging and Retirement X Work. With this result, it is possible to infer how much Skinner's book is current and useful to people who are aging and the ones who are already senior. In front of the results, the author does not consider probable that has occurred a social construction about the human aging theme has occurred, since the number of issues is very low, in addition to that, it is not possible to know, in fact, who the readers of these issues are. All this shows the urgency with that analysts of the behavior ought to promote more researches in the area of human aging, expanding their performances / O interesse em relação ao tema envelhecimento humano vem aumentando no cenário mundial e no Brasil ao longo da segunda metade do século XX. Na Análise do Comportamento, Skinner (1983) sinalizou que o envelhecer deveria ser estudado como qualquer outro comportamento através do paradigma da seleção por conseqüências. E ainda, o entendimento de que o envelhecimento humano poderia ser analisado como fenômeno social, e vem sendo socialmente construído pela mídia impressa, sob a perspectiva de Guerin, foi o objetivo da presente pesquisa. Para verificar como isso vem ocorrendo, optou-se por analisar um meio de comunicação de grande circulação, o acervo digital da revista Veja. Foram analisadas matérias digitalizadas no período de 1968 até 2009, selecionadas a partir de palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema envelhecimento. Além disso, tais matérias foram analisadas em relação aos seus aspectos formais e de conteúdo, sendo que os últimos foram destacados a partir de temas referentes ao envelhecimento presentes no livro de Skinner (1983) sobre a velhice. Os principais resultados apontam que o maior número de matérias foram as Reportagens, entretanto, apresentou um número pouco expressivo ao longo de 41 anos de publicação. A maior parte das matérias foi escrita por profissionais ou pessoas da área da saúde ou do envelhecimento, e as informações eram diretamente voltadas às pessoas idosas também em sua maioria. Pôde-se constatar que grande parte das informações fornecidas pela mídia sobre o envelhecimento teve como antecedentes outros relatos verbais, revelando um possível encadeamento, tratando-se de comportamentos intraverbais, que são a base para o conhecimento socialmente construído segundo Guerin. A distribuição das matérias ao longo do tempo foi de maneira irregular, destacando-se os anos de 1983 e após 1999, o que sugere uma relação com eventos importantes: o Ano Nacional do Idoso e o Ano Internacional do Idoso, respectivamente. Este fato é importante, pois sugere que a mídia responde às oportunidades que o mercado oferece, visando agradar consumidores e aumentar lucros, levando ao questionamento se ela, realmente, promove uma construção social do envelhecimento. Em relação aos assuntos mais tratados foram encontrados: Cuidados com a Saúde, Alterações Emocionais no Envelhecimento, Processo Fisiológico do Envelhecimento e Aposentadoria X Trabalho. Com este resultado, é possível inferir o quanto o livro de Skinner é atual e útil para as pessoas que estão envelhecendo e as que já são idosas. Diante dos resultados, a autora não considera provável que tenha ocorrido uma construção social sobre o tema envelhecimento humano, já que o número de matérias é muito baixo, além do que, não é possível saber, de fato, quem são os leitores dessas matérias. Tudo isto mostra a urgência de que os analistas do comportamento promovam mais pesquisas na área de envelhecimento humano, expandindo suas atuações

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Denna uppsats syftar till att studera den diskursiva kampen kring dieter. Vi har satt fokus på hur kontroverser kring dieten LCHF gestaltas i media. LCHF är en diet som innebär att man håller en kost som till grunden innebär ett lågt intag av kolhydrater och ett högt intag av fett. Utifrån diskursanalys som teoretisk och metodologisk utgångspunkt studeras mediers framställning av LCHF. Studiens empiriska material omfattas av 50 stycken tidningsartiklar från svensk tryckt press under åren 2007–2017. I studien så används socialkonstruktionism som teori och diskursanalys används som metod. Resultat visar att det finns två huvudsakliga diskurser kring den diskursiva kampen om LCHF i media. Dessa har vi benämnt som den traditionella diskursen om kost och en modern hälsosam kosthållning: LCHF. Denna uppsats bidrar till tidigare forskning som inte har studerat den diskursiva kampen kring dieter i någon större utsträckning.   Nyckelord: LCHF, health, media, diet, discourse, social construction

Low-income affordable housing remains an issue for the town on Martha's Vineyard where this study was conducted, in which an estimated 54% of low-/moderate-income households spend more than 50% of monthly income on housing. Using Schneider and Ingram's work regarding the social construction of target populations as the foundation, the purpose of this qualitative research was to assess how the perceived social standing and political power contributed to determining the benefits and burdens allocated to the town's low-income households. Data for this study consisted of 14 individual semistructured interviews with members of low-income households who were seeking or in affordable housing. The research concentrated on the obstacles and reactions the low-income households experienced in the quest for affordable housing. Data were coded and analyzed using a value coding procedure followed by thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the research: a perception by the participants of not being valued in the community and a lack of attention by town leadership to their affordable housing struggles; a self-reliance to find affordable housing; and coping strategies by renting bedrooms with shared kitchen and living areas or resorting to a 9-month lease and being displaced during the summer tourist season. The research illuminated the low-income community's housing experiences and perceptions, thereby helping town leaders to form housing policy and make fiscal decisions. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to town leadership to examine incentivizing homeowners to offer affordable rentals, investigating congregate housing solutions, and developing multifamily affordable housing for the town's low-income households.

It was unclear what the actual role of the Family Readiness Group (FRG) was in helping the spouses of U.S. Navy submariners (SMSs) in learning to live the submariner-family lifestyle. Submarines deploy in regular cycles regardless of world conflict. Submariners and their spouses are isolated from each other during deployments, communities of submariner spouses are smaller than other Navy communities, and spouses must acquire unique social capital to manage unique challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore how SMSs experience or perceive the FRG role in their social construction and adaptation to the SMS lifestyle. The examination was guided by Ingram, Schneider, and DeLeon's social construction and policy design theory. Data were collected using an open-ended survey distributed to 83 SMSs through an online survey platform. Data were coded for themes and subthemes using an iterative process including values and process coding. Key results were that SMSs construct themselves differently than how they are constructed by policy principals. Among SMSs, benefits and burdens perceived to be distributed by the FRG program are different than the distribution of actual benefits and burdens. These differences influenced participants' engagement with the FRG program. More research is needed to define this influence and to explore the origins of relationships that increase lifestyle capital. The implication for social change is that a better understanding of the nature of SMS lifestyles can contribute to better policy decisions and improved program design, leading to better outcomes for military spouses.

Nous allons délimiter et analyser la problématique liée à l’utilisation et l’appropriation de Technologies de la Communication et de l’Information (TIC’s) en contexte éducatif, en particulier dans les pays en voie de développement, où des difficultés d’orientation du développement social surgissent à partir de leur usage, parce qu’elles aboutissent à des formules déterministes qui renforcent l’orientation linéaire de la relation technologie-développement.Dans ce sens, les institutions responsables de la prise de décisions politiques qui exigent la mise en place de mécanismes de planification gouvernementale (priorisation de la dépense publique) et d’investissement, conçoivent des programmes d’informatisation des écoles basées sur cette conception linéaire, caractérisée par un sens palliatif et d’assistance, qui finissent par générer des relations de paternalisme et de dépendance.Dans ce contexte, le projet de recherche prétend élaborer une proposition d’analyse sociotechnique des technologies aussi bien théorique que méthodologique pour faire face au problème de la relation technologie-éducation à travers l’analyse du cas colombien du programme Computadores para Educar (CPE).La présente recherche doctorale propose comme objectif principal d’étudier les relations entre les acteurs impliqués dans les processus d’insertion des ordinateurs dans les écoles publiques, en prenant comme base d’analyse le programme d’État CPE. Nous nous demandons alors, quelles sont ces nouvelles relations entre les utilisations des technologies et le rôle des enseignants et des élèves dans cette nouvelle école dans laquelle le rôle des technologies paraît si essentiel et important, mais dont les résultats de l’inclusion des technologies en processus pédagogiques paraissent peu significatifs.La question centrale de notre recherche serait la suivante: Quelles relations se sont nouées, et de quelle manière, entre les acteurs concernés par le processus d’introduction des ordinateurs au sein des écoles ayant reçu les ordinateurs fournis par le programme CPE, en Colombie, au cours de la période 2004-2008 ? / The main objective of this thesis is the delimitation and analysis of use and appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT’s) in educational contexts especially in developing countries where exists problematic orientations about social development policy based in the use of these technologies. These problematic approach arise because there is a tendency to apply deterministic formulas that reinforce the linear relationship between development and technology.In this sense, the institutions responsible for policy decisions that require the establishment of mechanisms for government planning (prioritization of public expenditure) and investment, designs schools computerization programs based on this linear approach, characterized by a palliative direction and assistance, which eventually generate relationships of paternalism and dependency.In this context the research claims to develop a sociotechnical analysis proposal for technologies, both theoretical and methodological, to face the problem of the relationship between technology-education through the analysis of the case of the Colombian program Computadores para Educar (CPE).The present doctoral research suggests as a main objective, the study of the relationship between the actors involved into the processes of inclusion of computers in the public schools, by taking as basis of the analysis the state program CPE in Colombia. The principal interest of these research is to identify the new relationships between the uses of the technologies and the role of the teachers and the students in this new school in which the role of the technologies seems so essential and important, but whose results of the inclusion of the ICT’s into educational processes seem to be little significant.The central question of our search would be the following one: Which and how the relationships between the actors concerned by the process of introduction of computers within schools having received computers supplied by the program CPE in Colombia were stablished, during the period 2004-2008?

This thesis examines the ways in which public sector organisations communicate with people from lower socio-economic communities. The study is guided by the research question: Do the existing communication strategies of public sector organisations serve the needs of low decile communities in New Zealand? The study looks at the communication strategies used by three public sector organisations - Ministry of Social Development, Inland Revenue and Hamilton City Council - to interact with residents of a low-decile neighbourhood in Hamilton. Positioned within the critical theoretical paradigm (e.g., Deetz, 2005; Mumby, 2000) which looks at issues of power, domination and asymmetry in terms of communication practices, the research shows how social policy is socially constructed in order to serve the political aims of the public sector but is not necessarily constructed in terms of the target publics of that organisation. The study uses a three dimensional discourse analysis - text, context, and social practices (Fairclough, 1992) - to analyse the formal communication and information dissemination structures, processes, and texts of these organisations and to examine the ways in which some of the intended target publics of these organisations make sense of them and respond to them. The study includes an analysis of public documents put out by the organisations as well as interviews with youth workers, social workers, and representatives of the specific neighbourhood community. Juxtaposing the textual analysis with the analysis of the interviews facilitates an evaluation of whether the communication strategies of the organisations relate to the context of the socio-cultural practices of lowdecile neighbourhoods.

The diagnosis of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has increased over the last few years in Australia. ADHD is currently understood largely through a medical perspective, and in that context, the treatment recommended is stimulant medication. ADHD is a mental health label given to children who exhibit challenging behaviour. These children are diagnosed according to the categories stated in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) – IV. To date, there is no medical test children can undertake to show that they ‘have’ ADHD. This research focuses on an alternative view of ADHD. Focussing upon families’ experience of ADHD, and the medicalisation of children’s behaviour, it argues that behaviour is socially influenced and constructed. It is because insufficient attention has been given to the family experience and the social implications of ADHD, that the child is often seen as ‘the problem’. The gap in our understanding of ADHD is situated in our understanding of the broader social context. To challenge this I will explore perceptions of the ‘good child’, ‘good mothers’ and the social consequences of inappropriate behaviour. Each family was interviewed five times every three months over a two-year period. Their stories and experiences are presented in this thesis.