The aim of this thesis is to describe the users visiting the syringe exchange clinic in Malmö with respect to what characterises the group, how they utilize the services of the clinic and how their patterns of participation relate to risk behaviour, physical and mental health and social development. The heterogeneity of the group has been captured by the use of Stimsons dimensions “integration in majority society” and “involvement in sub-culture”, yielding four different groups of syringe exchangers: “stables”, “loners”, “two-worlders” and “junkies”. The study rests on two sources of data: a register from the clinic including all syringe exchangers that have visited the clinic between 1989 and 2003, altogether 3660 individuals, and an interview of visitors at the clinic during 1995, including 496 persons. The results show that syringe exchangers, compared to other persons with severe addiction in Malmö, to a larger extent use amphetamine as their drug-of-choice, are older and inject more irregularly. The population visiting the clinic is heterogeneous with respect to integration in society and involvement in sub-cultures. The group classified as junkies do, as expected, display the highest inclination to share syringes and needles with other and hence have the most advanced risk behaviours. As to utilization of the programme, the results show that the longer the syringe exchangers stay in the programme, the more frequent they visit it. Also with respect to utilization-patterns, we find substantial variations within the studied group. Five categories are discernible: drop-in visitors with only one or two visits, sporadic visitors who in spite of contacts over a number of years never really establish a regular contact, intermittent visitors who have had contact over several years but display a very irregular visiting pattern, regular visitors who relatively fast establish a consistent contact with visits between uniform time intervals and frequent visitors who tend to stay longer than others and visit the clinic more often. Another aspect of utilization is to what extent the distribution of needles and syringes cover the needs of the visitors. With a strict definition of need, only a minority manages to cover their needs, but if we accept a more extensive individual re-use, around 90 percent of the average need is covered. Data also reveals that a very high proportion of the users on at least one occasion have visited the programme without syringe exchange taking place or any complementary service delivered. Basically these visits seem to be of a more social nature, reinforcing the contacts between the staff and the visitors. Data do not give any clear support for the basic assumption that syringe exchange reduce the incidence of HIV or hepatitis. Recent sharing of utensils or low coverage of syringe need through the programme do not predict a higher infection risk. Instead we find that the social contacts with the staff (without syringe exchange) function as a predictor of lower incidence. This indicates that the mechanisms may be more complex than just related to the provision of clean needles and syringes. The result shows that integration increase over time while sub-cultural involvement decreases. However, the patterns for different groups are very diverse and we find no evidence that more frequent contacts as such are related to increased integration. There is however, some evidence that social visits are positively related to increased integration. No support could be found for the assumption that the programme increases the number of severe addicts.

No description available.

Med tanke på den ökande oron som finns kring brottslighet och otrygghet är det viktigt att reflektera över vilka som bär ansvaret för att främja den kollektiva tryggheten. Tidigare forskning visar bland annat att brottslighet eller rädslan för att brott ska inträffa påverkar grannskapet och den psykiska hälsan på ett negativt sätt. Forskning visar även att genom samverkan mellan olika aktörer såsom polis, fastighetsägare och allmänhet, kan trygghetssatsningar bidra till ökad upplevd trygghet.    Denna studie ämnar bidra till forskningen om hur fastighetsägaren, tillsammans med hyresgästernas engagemang, kan påverka den positiva utvecklingen i ett bostadsområde och bidra till ett tryggare samhälle för bostadshyresgäster. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och har kombinerat en fallstudie i Södra Sofielund/Seved med semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom fastighetsbranschen i aktuellt område. Syftet med studien är att undersöka på vilket sätt fastighetsägare samarbetar med hyresgäster i ett bostadsområde för att öka den upplevda tryggheten.    Resultatet visade att respondenterna har olika syn på hur mycket hyresgästerna kan involveras i trygghetsarbetet. Dock är majoriteten av respondenterna överens om att det behövs engagemang och trygghetsinsatser för att skapa sammanhållning och möjligheter för sociala interaktioner i området. För att möjliggöra för dessa insatser behövs dessutom samverkan, inte bara med de boende, utan med olika samhällsaktörer för att bekämpa effekterna av rädslan för brott. / Considering the increasing concern surrounding crime and insecurity, it is important to reflect on who bears responsibility for promoting collective security. Previous research indicates, among other things, that crime or the fear of crime negatively impacts neighborhoods and mental health. Research also shows that through collaboration among various societal stakeholders, including the police, property owners and the public, security initiatives can contribute to an increased sense of security.   This study aims to contribute to the research on how property owners, together with the engagement of tenants, can influence the positive development in a residential area and contribute to a safer society for residential tenants. The study has a qualitative approach and has combined a case study in Södra Sofielund/Seved with semi-structured interviews with key figures in the real estate industry in the relevant area. The purpose of the study is to examine how property owners collaborate with tenants in a residential area to enhance perceived security.   The results indicate that respondents have different views on the extent to which tenants can be involved in security work. However, the majority of respondents agree that involvement and security efforts are needed to create a sense of community and opportunities for social interactions in the area. Furthermore, to enable these efforts, collaboration is required not only with residents but also with various societal actors to combat the effects of the fear of crime.

The aim of this dissertation is to shed light on how life can turn out for individuals with long term social assistance and afterwards when it has ceased. The primary objective of the dissertation is to study the changes that have occurred during the life course and the impact of those changes on the life course at large. A key question of this dissertation is the development of selfsufficiency and work-life patterns in a longitudinal perspective. The dissertation consists of a longitudinal study based on qualitative interviews with an interval of 20 years. The empirical data is composed of interviews with 11 recipients of social assistance – seven of which have been interviewed again in 2008/2009. A life course perspective is employed in the data analysis as a comprehensive approach and analytical tool. Other analytical approaches are related to the impact of the welfare state on the life course and to the term marginality. The situation of the interviewed group regarding self-sufficiency, employment and social conditions is viewed from a one-year perspective, a 20- year perspective and a life course perspective. The different time perspectives generated widely diverse pictures and nowledge. Not everyone worked at the point of the last interview but all were in a better social and economical position. No one remained on social assistance. One conclusion is that the notion of social problems being reinforced and exacerbated over time is simplistic. Another conclusion is that it appears that social assistance and social services have little importance from a life course perspective. A concluding result is that cross-sectional studies of individuals in a vulnerable situation are of limited value. A brief look at a person’s life does not say much of what the rest of his or her life will look like. Keywords: Life course, long term social assistance, social welfare services, human agency, timing, social integration, notions of social problems, welfare state, marginality.

A model of social stressor variables, social integration variables and demographic control variables was tested to assess their impact on alcohol use among the elderly. A secondary analysis of a survey on alcohol use among the elderly in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was conducted to test the major hypotheses of the study. Contingency table analysis, using gamma and partial gamma as correlation coefficients, was utilized in the data analysis. The first hypothesis, in regard to the positive relationship of social stressors with alcohol use, was confirmed. The best predictors of alcohol use among the social stressor variables were usual occupation, length of retirement, annual income, and subjective health status. The second hypothesis, that the social integration variables would be negatively related to alcohol use, received only moderate support. The results of the analysis indicated that six of the ten social integration variables were negatively related to alcohol use. Only three of these variables, retirement status, religious participation, and marital status, were statistically significant. Hypothesis three also was not confirmed. The introduction of the social integration variables did not substantially decrease the strength of the relationship between social stressors and alcohol use. Gender and age were also introduced as control variables for the relationship between social stressors and alcohol use. Age had only a limited impact on the zero-order relationships. Gender demonstrated a strong relationship with alcohol use. Statistical analyses indicated that gender was the strongest predictor of alcohol use of all the variables in the analysis. The nature of the zero-order relationships of four of the six stressor variables changed when gender was controlled, and the partial relationships decreased in strength. It was suggested that future research on alcohol use among the elderly should focus on gender differences.

This thesis describes how music affects the group dynamic of children living in congregate homes in Texas

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources / Candice A. Shoemaker / To investigate factors of academic and social integration as predictors of intention to persist for graduate students and differences in student’s academic and social integration between campus based and online programs College of Agriculture Master’s students in U.S. campus and online degree programs were surveyed. To investigate potential influences of differences, graduate College of Agriculture program directors were surveyed. Data was gathered using online questionnaires. The student questionnaire included demographics, as well as three scales, academic integration, social integration and intention to persist. Academic integration was measured with the subscales of advisor relationship and academic interaction. Social integration was measured with the subscales of peer group support, faculty interactions and involvement in social interactions. The subscales for each scale were combined to create academic integration, social integration and socialization scores. The director questionnaire included five questions designed to measure attitudes and design of online programs. Mean scores were formulated from descriptive statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were used to identify scale relationships. ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U and Tukey’s HSD were conducted to identify program differences and to identify attitude and program format differences. A significant positive relationship between academic integration and social integration was identified as well as a significant positive relationship between academic and social integration and intention to persist. Significant differences were found between online and campus students, with campus students being higher on academic and social integration scales, but not on the intention to persist scale. Significant differences were also found on graduate director attitudes and types of communication used in the graduate online programs. This study indicates that socialization as explained through academic and social integration is an important factor of persistence in Masters Students, and that there are differences in integration of campus and online students. Strategies to improve socialization and completion include faculty/graduate student interactions and active graduate student clubs and for online students; communication components designed to increase meaningful interactions.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-24T18:26:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 programa_bolsa.pdf: 867467 bytes, checksum: 902d0c6020a3532453d2661f2ba0191c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T18:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 programa_bolsa.pdf: 867467 bytes, checksum: 902d0c6020a3532453d2661f2ba0191c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho refere-se a um Estudo de Caso que aborda as repercussões do Programa Bolsa Família nas subjetividades dos beneficiários no Município de Maracanaú-CE. Tem como objetivo destacar os rebatimentos do mencionado programa na configuração de ideais e identificações dos beneficiários, analisando como estas articulações subjetivas incidem nas suas ações e interações com a sociedade em que vivem. Para alcançar esta meta, a investigação exigiu a utilização do método qualitativo, recorrendo à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de demandar a aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante como técnicas de coleta de dados. Para tratar o material coletado, a análise de discurso constituiu o mais adequado procedimento para acessar ao mundo representacional dos entrevistados. Entre os resultados, o estudo destacou a emergência de sentimentos positivos de realização e a projeção de melhores perspectivas para o futuro, assim como viabilizou a elaboração de projetos de ações no cotidiano, almejando lidar com as situações de pobreza, buscando alcançar melhores condições de vida. Ao lado dessas expressões subjetivas, a pesquisa visualizou também elaborações, que levam ao questionamento das reais possibilidades da superação da pobreza, uma vez que as situações de carência e vulnerabilidade social e a experiência com os serviços públicos precários (Educação, Saúde, Assistências Social, etc.) implicam medidas mais estruturais, que ultrapassam a esfera de um programa de renda mínima / The present article refers to a Case Study which treats about the influences of the Family Bourse Program, in the subjectivities of the beneficiaries in the Municip of Maracanaú-CE. Its objective is to stress the rebates of the program in the configuration of ideals and identifications of the beneficiaries, analyzing how these subjective articulations of ideals and their actions and interactions with society in which they live reflect. In order to obtain this aim, the investigation needed to utilize the qualitative method, recurring to bibliographical and documental research, besides demanding the application of semistructured interviews and participating observation as techniques for obtaining the data (data collection). In order to process the material collected, discourse analysis proved the most adequate proceeding to access the representational world of the persons interviewed. Among the results, the study stressed the emergence of positive feelings and the projection of better perspectives for the future, as well as it enabled the elaboration of action projects in daily life, viewing to face the situations of poverty, and searching to obtain better life conditions. Besides these subjective expressions, the research also visualized elaborations that lead to the questioning of the real possibilities of superation of poverty, since the situations of want and social vulnerability, as well as the experience of deficient public services (Education, Health, Social Assistance, among others) imply more structural measures, that surpass the sphere of a program of minimum income

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-30T20:13:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Lellis de Souza.pdf: 4046621 bytes, checksum: ae6b6b7da74fe2742a77b8372b5c870e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T20:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Lellis de Souza.pdf: 4046621 bytes, checksum: ae6b6b7da74fe2742a77b8372b5c870e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work took as a study object the singular condition of socialization among paying students, residing in elite neighborhoods, and scholarship students, from outskirts of the city of São Paulo, present at Colégio Rainha da Paz, located in Alto de Pinheiros, in São Paulo’s west zone. Responding to the new legal determinations on philanthropy in private elementary schools, Colégio Rainha da Paz has implemented its philanthropic policy with the enrollment of students from lower classes under the same student activities as paying students, children of elites and wealthy classes. Starting from the understanding that the socialization between paying students and scholarship holders is a decisive element for the latter to access the academic excellence the school institution offers, this work resorted to research instruments which allowed, at first, to measure the social relations between these two groups of students. Therefore, the sociometric test created by Levy Moreno and amended by George Bastin (1966) was used. In a second stage, semi-directive interviews were carried out with scholarship students in order to qualify the exclusion pointed out in Elementary School and the revealed acceptance in High School. The interviews were analyzed deploying two categories: “friendship”, taking as reference the work of Santos (1994), and “territory and territoriality”, from Haesbaert (2011) and Santos (2001). The aim of this study was to analyze whether the long and compulsory daily coexistence between students of different social classes could bring them closer together, thus overcoming the social stigmas produced in society, or if school socialization reproduced the elements that separate them, consequently maintaining the configuration Norbert Elias described as “established and outsiders” / O presente trabalho assumiu como objeto de estudo a singular condição de socialização entre alunos pagantes, residentes em bairros nobres, e alunos bolsistas, oriundos de regiões periféricas da cidade de São Paulo, presente no Colégio Rainha da Paz, localizado em Alto de Pinheiros, na Zona Oeste da capital paulista. Atendendo às novas determinações legais sobre a filantropia nas instituições particulares de Ensino Básico, o Colégio Rainha da Paz efetivou sua política filantrópica com a matrícula de alunos originários das camadas populares sob as mesmas atividades discentes que os alunos pagantes, filhos das elites e classes abastadas. Partindo do entendimento que a socialização entre os alunos pagantes e bolsistas constitui elemento decisivo para que esses últimos acessem a excelência acadêmica que a instituição escolar oferece, este trabalho recorreu a instrumentos de pesquisa que permitissem, em um primeiro momento, mensurar as relações sociais entre estes dois conjuntos de alunos. Para tanto foi utilizado o teste sociométrico, criado por Levy Moreno e aperfeiçoado por George Bastin (1966). Em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-diretivas junto aos alunos bolsistas com o objetivo de qualificar a exclusão apontada no Ensino Fundamental e a aceitação revelada no Ensino Médio. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir de duas categorias: “amizade”, tomando-se por referência a obra de Santos (1994) e “território e territorialidade”, a partir de Haesbaert (2011) e Santos (2001). O trabalho pretendeu analisar se a larga e compulsória convivência cotidiana entre alunos de classes sociais distintas foi capaz de aproximá-los, superando-se assim os estigmas sociais produzidos na sociedade ou se a socialização escolar reproduziu os elementos que os separam, mantendo assim a configuração social que Norbert Elias (1994) descreveu como estabelecidos e outsiders

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.