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L’ensemble de la doctrine s’accorde pour dire que la cession de droits sociaux est une opération complexe faisant appel à de nombreuses notions juridiques et financières. Ce faisant, même s’il s’agit purement et simplement de transférer les droits sociaux ou le pouvoir de la société par l’intermédiaire d’une telle opération, le législateur a rendu cette opération difficile par l’utilisation de termes inappropriés. De plus la jurisprudence inconsistante, et quelquefois imprécise, sur certains points de ce sujet à rendue cette opération très discutée. L’un des points essentiels de la cession de droits sociaux concernent le prix et la valeur de ces droits. Le législateur impose des conditions à ce prix, mais il n’est pas facile pour les parties à l’opération de remplir ces critères légaux. L’opération d’expertise du prix dans une cession de droits sociaux est l’opération permettant de dire le prix des droits sociaux, une opération permettant de remplir l’ensemble des critères juridiques et financiers d’une cession, tout en protégeant les intervenants. Cependant, il nous semble difficile d’être juge et partie à une telle opération. C’est la raison pour laquelle les parties doivent avoir recours à un tiers estimateur pour effectuer cette opération d’expertise dont la mission sera, d’une part, de remplir les critères légaux concernant le prix et, d’autre part, d’évaluer financièrement la valeur des droits sociaux dans toutes les situations. / Even though the transfer of social rights (more precisely legal and beneficial ownership) is a necessary and common operation in the life of a company, experience shows that it is a complex process involving many legal and financial concepts. Even if there is only a transfer of social rights or a transfer of the power of the company through such an operation, the legislator has made this operation more difficult through the use of inappropriate language. Moreover the inconsistent, and sometimes, inaccurate jurisprudence on some points surrounding this subject has made this operation highly controversial. One of the main issues regarding the transfer of social rights is the price, i.e. the value of those rights. The legislator imposes conditions on this price but it is not easy for the parties to the transaction to meet these legal requirements. The expert assessment of the price for the transfer of social rights is the process involved in determining the price of the social rights; an operation which fulfills the legal and financial requirements of such a transfer, whilst protecting the stakeholders. However, it seems difficult to be both judge and party to this transaction. This is why the parties should be able to use a third person as an expert to perform this operation. The expert’s goal will be, on the one hand, to fulfill the legal criteria regarding the price and, on the other hand, to assess the financial value of the social rights in all situations.

The present work has two main goals: to analyse if the current partnership control executed between the State and the third sector fulfils its function in confronting corruption, fraud and misappropriation of public funds and guarantees that the objectives of the partnerships are reached; and to present the reflexes that the inefficiency of this control may generate to social rights. It was based on the qualitative methods of investigation, obtaining information and data from blibliographic research, judical and documental. Firstly, it was demonstrated that the Terceiro Setor has an intrinsec relationship with the fundamental rights, in its own concept. Always acting on the public interest defese, with several profiles, it has contributed to achieve these rights and has strengthened as a category over the years. It was observed that for the last twenty years, with the introduction of the Managerial Reform, which arises to replace the bureaucratic model of Public Administration and its ideia of centalization of activities, the Administration has increasingly delegated the provision of State's non-exclusive public services, achievers of the social rights, to Third Sector organizations, especially by partnerships, transferring public resources to them. The responsability over the fulfilment of social rights remains the State's, but, in these cases, its provision is made by the Third Sector partner organization. That way, the state control is concerned over them, now in the form of result control. It was concluded that the control mechanisms imposed at the time of the Reform, generally, are not able to meet their function, not just because of legal problems at specific systems of law, but also because of structural and management problems and cultural issues. While the Law 13.019/14 has presented a great legislative evolution, it does not solve all the problems, as the other laws are still in force and the administrative and cultural issues depend on external factors to be resolved, which takes time. It means saying that the partnerships will continue serving to the realization of frauds, misappropriation of public funds and corruption, which causes several demages to the legitimate Third Sector organizations and social rights, such as the bad quality or non-execution of the agreed services and the reduction of the resources that would be designed for them / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem dois objetivos principais: analisar se o atual controle das parcerias realizadas entre o Estado e o terceiro setor cumpre a sua função no enfrentamento da corrupção, das fraudes e dos desvios de recursos públicos e garante que os objetivos das parcerias sejam alcançados; e apresentar os reflexos que a ineficiência desse controle pode gerar aos direitos sociais. Para tanto, baseou-se nos métodos de investigação qualitativos, obtendo informações e dados a partir da realização de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e documental. Primeiramente, demonstrou-se que o terceiro setor possui uma intrínseca relação com os direitos fundamentais, por sua própria conceituação. Sempre atuando na defesa do interesse público, em seus diversos perfis, tem contribuído para a concretização desses direitos e se fortalecido enquanto categoria ao longo dos anos. Observou-se que nos últimos vinte anos, a partir da Reforma Gerencial, que surge para substituir o modelo burocrático de Administração Pública e a sua ideia de centralização de atividades, a Administração tem delegado de forma crescente a prestação de serviços públicos não exclusivos do Estado, concretizadores dos direitos sociais, às organizações do terceiro setor, sobremodo por meio de parcerias, transferindo-lhes recursos públicos. A responsabilidade sobre a concretização dos direitos sociais continua sendo do Estado, mas, nesses casos, sua prestação é realizada pelas organizações do terceiro setor parceiras. Assim, sobre elas incide o controle estatal, agora sob a forma de um controle de resultados. Constatou-se que os mecanismos de controle instituídos à época da Reforma, em geral, não são capazes de cumprir a sua função, não só por problemas legais dos regimes jurídicos específicos, mas também por problemas estruturais e de gestão e por questões culturais. Embora a Lei 13.019/14 tenha apresentado uma grande evolução legislativa, ela não resolve todos os problemas, já que as demais leis continuam em vigor e as questões administrativas e culturais dependem de fatores externos para que sejam solucionadas, o que demanda tempo. Significa dizer que as parcerias continuarão servindo à realização de fraudes, desvios de recursos públicos e corrupção, que provocam inúmeros prejuízos às organizações do terceiro setor autênticas e aos direitos sociais, como, por exemplo, a má qualidade ou a inexecução dos serviços pactuados e a diminuição dos recursos que seriam a elas destinados.

L’intégration des réfugiés requiert l’accès aux soins et au logement, la scolarisation, la formation professionnelle et l’entrée sur le marché du travail. La question est, en somme, celle de la garantie de leurs droits sociaux. Pour y répondre, cette thèse pose les jalons de la protection des droits à la santé, au logement, à l’éducation et au travail de chacune des catégories de personnes ayant besoin d’une protection internationale. Les principales normes des Droits de l’homme et du Droit des réfugiés adoptées dans le cadre des Nations unies, du Conseil de l’Europe et de l’Union européenne sont ainsi, pour la première fois sur ce sujet, confrontées, lues en combinaison et mises en perspective avec les réformes à venir. Il en ressort, en particulier, une cartographie des garanties offertes en fonction des statuts migratoires et situations personnelles, la définition des critères généraux déterminants émergés de la comparaison des systèmes, ou encore des arguments juridiques innovants. / The integration of refugees includes providing access to healthcare and housing, schooling, vocational training and entry into the labour market. In short, it is about guaranteeing their social rights. Examining these issues, this thesis paves the way for the protection of rights to health, housing, education and work of every category of person in need of international protection. The main human rights and refugee norms adopted under the respective frameworks of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union are, for the very first time in this field, challenged, read in conjunction and put in to perspective in light of forthcoming reforms. The results are, in particular, a mapping of the various guarantees available according to one’s migration status and personal circumstances, the definitions of general determinative criteria which emerge from a comparison of respective systems, as well as innovative legal arguments.

"The relevance of social and economic rights to societal welfare and well-being need not be overemphasised. The quality of life enjoyed by the citizenry is directly related to the level of enjoyment of social and economic rights in any particular country. However, the enjoyment of social and economic rights is, in turn, largely predicated on the manner in which national resources are managed and directed towards obligations raised by social and economic rights. It is axiomatic, therefore, to devise a framework that ensures that managers of public resources operate within an environment where their actions in relation to the management of national resources are governed by transparency and accountability. In the light of the above, this study explores the relationship that exist between the social trust concept and leadership roles, particularly in as far as duty bearer accountability for social and economic rights is concerned. The study argues that social trust based devices can be used to enhance duty bearer accountability in relation to social and economic rights and that such increased duty bearer accountability will automatically serve to better the welfare of the citizenry. The viability of recognising and enforcing social trust based accountability mechanisms is highlighted by exploring its relevance to Malawi and Uganda. The crux of the study is that public functionaries must always be amenable to censure by the citizenry if diligence is to be infused in the performance of their duties and the social trust concept offers adept mechansisms for achieving this." -- Abstract. This study consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides the context and foundation of the study. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the nature and scope of the social trust concept and how it can validly, if at all, be extended into the public law realm. Chapter two also expounds on some basic concepts employed in the study. Chapter three is aimed at providing and understanding of leadership roles and explaining their relevance to social economic rights. Briefly put, chapter three explores the interface between social economic rights and social trust based leadership roles. Chapter four discusses the benefits of revitalising a social trust based conception of leadership roles particularly by highlighting why Malawi and Uganda need social trust based leadership roles. The chapter also outlines how the benefits of a revitalised duty bearer accountability can be realised. Chapter five will present the study's conclusions and recommendations." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Ben Twinomugisha at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This thesis aims to answer the question how preventive social service providers, operating in the Liberec region, use the potential of financial resources from private budgets. The reason for this is the non-conceptual system of multi-source financing of social services in the Czech republic and lack of financial resources for social services funding from public budgets. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter is a purely theoretical platform for the whole work. It defines the origin and role of social rights, the welfare state and the European Union in the social policy system of the Czech republic. It deals also with the social services system in the Czech Republic and their planning. The second chapter is devoted to analysis of possible funding sources for financing of social services.The third chapter focuses on stability of social service providers. The last chapter forms the practical part of the work and processes the research survey in given area.

This diploma thesis analyses the status of social rights in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. It aims to show, particularly through the analysis of selected court decisions, how the European Court of Human Rights, as a control mechanism established by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms seeking to provide recognised rights and freedoms with practical and effective protection, deals with the absence of social rights in the Convention's catalogue. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the brief description of the Convention, its control mechanism and the catalogue of declared fundamental rights and freedoms. In this section the thesis also deals with the question, what were the reasons that lead to the absence of social rights in the Convention's catalogue and what consequences can be draw from this fact for the status of social rights. In this context the thesis discusses the principle of indivisibility of human rights, according to which all human rights hold an equal status and which requires that human rights of all categories are protected and promoted with the same emphasis. The second chapter deals with the way the Court includes social aspects of guaranteed civil and political rights in its...

These thesis present an analysis of the status and trends in the selection of social security in the context of public finance reform and social policy. The aim is to analyze the development of the collection of premiums in the period 2007-2010 in connection with the reform of public finances, to define the role of factors having a substantial impact on the collection of premiums and to explore the attitudes of individual actors to legislative changes in social security. The starting point for the work is the concept of the state and its economic function and solidarity, which are provided through the instruments of economic and social policy. The parts of the foundations are the social rights and the theory of redistribution. Equally important starting point is the concept of bureaucracy, which is the theoretical basis for the institutional arrangements and management of social insurance. The research is devoted to the analysis of events and analysis on the underlying attitudes of the actors, but also for planned maintenance work in the field of social security. The analysis further factors have a significant impact on the indicators and the collection of social insurance. On the basis of the analysis are formulated conclusions and recommendations for decision-making on the future direction of...

Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la question du droit au logement dans le contexte actuel des inégalités socio-économiques. L’objectif du travail est de défendre le droit au logement comme levier normatif pour l’accès aux droits et libertés civiles. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit d’analyser le contexte réel des inégalités afin de montrer que le marché au logement est nocif pour l’interaction entre égaux. Dans un deuxième temps, il s’agit d’extraire les considérations philosophiques des comportements inégalitaires qui nuisent à l’interaction entre égaux. Dans le cadre du logement, ces comportements correspondent à une domination et à une perte d’agentivité. Afin de répondre à ces comportements, le travail propose d’évaluer l’idée du logement comme capabilité. Dans un troisième temps, il s’agit d’évaluer comment une approche par les théories de la justice est pertinente mais insuffisante pour répondre au problème du logement dans le contexte réel des inégalités. Il s’agit alors de proposer que le droit au logement doit être pris en charge par la pratique contemporaine des droits humains. Le travail défend qu’une interaction entre une approche humaniste et une approche politique des droits humains permet de justifier la défense du droit au logement comme levier normatif pour l’accès aux droits et libertés civiles. À cette fin, le mémoire conclut que le rôle particulier du logement dans le contexte actuel des inégalités nécessite une prise en charge réelle et tangible du droit au logement par les institutions contemporaines. / This thesis offers a defense of a right to housing within the contemporary context of socioeconomic inequalities. The objective is to argue that a right to housing is a normative lever for an equal access to civil rights and liberties. First, we aim to demonstrate that the housing market in the actual context of inequalities is a noxious market because of its negative impact on the capacity of individuals to interact as equals. Second, it is possible to identify specific behaviours resulting from the noxious housing market. Domination and loss of agency are the main behaviours that require a particular philosophical response. Understanding housing as a capability offers this answer. Third, theories of justice are useful but incomplete in addressing the problem of housing within the contemporary state of inequalities. A right to housing must be considered by the contemporary practice of human rights. However, an interaction between humanist and political approaches of human rights will be better suited to challenge this issue. The thesis concludes, in this matter, that housing’s particular role within the actual state of inequalities requires a serious and tangible defense of a right to housing by actual institutions.

En France et dans l’espace OHADA, la cession de droits sociaux est une opération économique considérablement pratiquée par des milliers de sociétés commerciales. Pourtant, la loi ne prévoit pas un cadre formellement dédié à son régime juridique. Face à ce vide juridique, la jurisprudence, la doctrine et les praticiens tentent de lui appliquer des régimes juridiques préexistants, mais forcément inadaptés. C’est ainsi que l’on assiste tout naturellement à une appropriation civiliste de l’opération qui est considérée aujourd’hui comme un acte civil. Or, elle a tout le caractère d’un acte fondamentalement commercial. C’est pourquoi la présente étude propose une approche qui priorise sa commercialité. / In France and in the OHADA area, the transfer of social rights is an economic operation considerably practiced by thousands of commercial companies. However, the law does not provide a framework formally dedicated to its legal regime. Faced to this legal vacuum, jurisprudence, doctrine and practitioners try to apply pre-existing but really inadequate legal regimes. We are thus, naturally witnessing a civil appropriation of the operation, considered as a civil act. But it presents some characteristics of a fundamentally commercial act. This study proposes an approach that prioritizes its commerciality.