This study examines the practice of restoring public buildings in ancient Rome and attendant attitudes towards them in order to develop an understanding of the Roman concept of built heritage. Drawing on a combination of archaeological and textual evidence and focusing primarily on six decades from the Great Fire of AD 64 to the AD 120s, a period of dramatic urban transformation and architectural innovation, it explores the ways in which individual structures and the cityscape as a whole was rebuilt. With specific reference to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, it is shown how buildings developed through successive reconstructions and that the prevailing approach was to modernise the aesthetic and materiality of structures, rather than to restore them to their original appearance. Furthermore, by recognising the importance of religion as a potential agent in the restoration process, a new interpretation of the exceptional treatment of the casa Romuli is proposed. With the intention of uncovering attitudes to built heritage in society more widely, the study goes beyond analysing the physical treatment of buildings to consider also how changes to the urban fabric were received by those who experienced them firsthand. Through examining descriptions of destruction and restoration in literature of the period, particularly in the works of Seneca the Younger, Pliny the Elder, Martial and Tacitus, an insight is gained into the ways that Rome’s inhabitants responded to the redevelopment of their historic built environment. This thesis argues for a Roman concept of built heritage that is dramatically different from many modern ideas on the subject. The findings question the extent to which the historical value and identity of a structure resided in its physicality, and demonstrates that the Roman concern for historic buildings did not equate to preservation of historic architecture.

M.A. (Latin) / This study is focused on the different ways the character of the Emperor Nero is depicted by the biographer Suetonlus and the historiographer Tacitus. The study is Introduced with an historical survey of the life of Nero. Thereupon a discussion follows on the life experiences of the authors, Suetonius and Tacitus, as well as the different style and genre used by each, and suggestions on how their writings could have been influenced by these factors. Two aspects of Nero's life are discussed at length, namely his relationship with his mother (and issues relating to that). as well as his interest in and practising of the arts (focusing on Nero as a poet, singer and charioteer). The discussion of these topics is done in the following manner: firstiy Suetonius' account of the events are given, followed by the account by Tacitus. These versions are then compared and where different, the candidate suggests possible reasons for the difference of opinion or presentation between the authors. Various characteristics of the Emperor Nero are referred to. The main conclusions can be categorised into three sections: - First and foremost the authors had different life experiences. Suetonius held various secretarial positions at the court of Caesar Hadrian which SUbsequently influenced his writings. He Was not however a senator or interested In politics and military affairs, which explains the fact that he does not write about political upheavals and does not contribute political motivations for certain actions of characters under discussion. Tacitus on the contrary, was a senator during the reign of Domitian. The atrocities committed by the Emperor and the slowly diminishing power of the Senate influenced the mind and writings of Tacitus to a great extent.

Der Beitrag ordnet die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzenden Geschäftsanteil ein. Im Anschluss werden die Konsequenzen für die einzelnen Gesellschaftsformen herausgearbeitet. Das betrifft vor allem die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG, die Teilnahme des atypisch stillen Gesellschafters am Kapitalschutz der GmbH und seine Haftung gegenüber den Gläubigern einer Personengesellschaft. Mit der vorliegenden Sichtweise wird auch eine Basis geschaffen, um im Steuerrecht das hergebrachte Prinzip zur Einordnung des atypisch still Beteiligten als Mitunternehmer zu überdenken und ihn stattdessen wie einen Gesellschafter nach der jeweiligen Gesellschaftsform zu behandeln.:I. Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 II. Varianten der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 1. Das gesetzliche Modell der typisch stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 2. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 3. Zwischenfazit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 III. Die eigene These: Die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 1. Die Probleme von Wissenschaft und Praxis mit einem atypisch still beteiligten Gesellschafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 2. Der spezielle Fall des „stillen Verbandes“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 3. Die Idee des ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 4. Die Abgrenzung und Nähe zu anderen Beteiligungsverhältnissen . . . . . . 875 5. Kein Widerspruch zur These der Innengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 6. Die Voraussetzungen zur Annahme eines ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . 879 7. Konsequenzen für die folgenden Untersuchungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 IV. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . . . 879 1. § 23 Abs. 5 AktG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 2. Kompetenzfragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 3. Keine Legitimation durch einen anderen Unternehmensvertrag . . . . . . . . 881 4. Ergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 V. Die Kardinalprobleme bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer GmbH . . . . . . 882 1. Die Schaffung atypisch stiller Anteile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 2. Teilnahme am Kapitalschutz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 3. Die Nichtanwendung von § 236 HGB im Insolvenzverfahren . . . . . . . . 885 4. Teilnahme an der Gesellschafterversammlung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 5. Treuepflichten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 6. Keine freie Übertragbarkeit und Vererblichkeit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 7. Die Stellung des atypisch still Beteiligten bei einer Kapitalerhöhung . . . . . 887 8. Die Rechte bei mittelbarer Beeinträchtigung der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . 888 VI. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 1. Die Gleichsetzung mit dem Kommanditisten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 2. Die Haftung wie ein nicht eingetragener Kommanditist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 3. Haftung für Altverbindlichkeiten bei späterem Beitritt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 4. Die Haftung bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer OHG . . . . . . . . . . . 893 5. Abschließende Überlegungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 6. Fazit und Zwischenergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 7. Ergänzung: Atypisch stille Beteiligung am einzelkaufmännischen Unternehmen ... 894 VII. Fazit und Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 1. Die Bedeutung der Dogmatik für die Ergebnisfindung . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 2. Offene Fragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 VIII. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1. Die Einordnung der atypisch stillen Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil...898 2. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . 898 3. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer GmbH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 4. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . 899 5. Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 / This paper qualifies the atypical silent partnership interest (atypisch stille Beteiligung) as an additional company share (ergänzender Geschäftsanteil). Following this, the consequences of such a qualification for the different types of companies and partnerships are presented in detail. The consequences entail in particular the illegality of an atypical silent partnership interest in a public limited company (AG), the application of the rules on capital preservation in a private limited company (GmbH) and the liability towards creditors in a partnership. This approach also lays the foundation to rethink the longstanding tax law principle of treating the atypical silent partner in a body corporate (Körperschaft) as a partner for tax purposes (Mitunternehmer) and not as a shareholder.:I. Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 II. Varianten der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 1. Das gesetzliche Modell der typisch stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 2. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 3. Zwischenfazit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 III. Die eigene These: Die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 1. Die Probleme von Wissenschaft und Praxis mit einem atypisch still beteiligten Gesellschafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 2. Der spezielle Fall des „stillen Verbandes“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 3. Die Idee des ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 4. Die Abgrenzung und Nähe zu anderen Beteiligungsverhältnissen . . . . . . 875 5. Kein Widerspruch zur These der Innengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 6. Die Voraussetzungen zur Annahme eines ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . 879 7. Konsequenzen für die folgenden Untersuchungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 IV. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . . . 879 1. § 23 Abs. 5 AktG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 2. Kompetenzfragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 3. Keine Legitimation durch einen anderen Unternehmensvertrag . . . . . . . . 881 4. Ergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 V. Die Kardinalprobleme bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer GmbH . . . . . . 882 1. Die Schaffung atypisch stiller Anteile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 2. Teilnahme am Kapitalschutz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 3. Die Nichtanwendung von § 236 HGB im Insolvenzverfahren . . . . . . . . 885 4. Teilnahme an der Gesellschafterversammlung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 5. Treuepflichten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 6. Keine freie Übertragbarkeit und Vererblichkeit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 7. Die Stellung des atypisch still Beteiligten bei einer Kapitalerhöhung . . . . . 887 8. Die Rechte bei mittelbarer Beeinträchtigung der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . 888 VI. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 1. Die Gleichsetzung mit dem Kommanditisten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 2. Die Haftung wie ein nicht eingetragener Kommanditist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 3. Haftung für Altverbindlichkeiten bei späterem Beitritt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 4. Die Haftung bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer OHG . . . . . . . . . . . 893 5. Abschließende Überlegungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 6. Fazit und Zwischenergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 7. Ergänzung: Atypisch stille Beteiligung am einzelkaufmännischen Unternehmen ... 894 VII. Fazit und Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 1. Die Bedeutung der Dogmatik für die Ergebnisfindung . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 2. Offene Fragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 VIII. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1. Die Einordnung der atypisch stillen Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil...898 2. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . 898 3. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer GmbH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 4. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . 899 5. Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

This thesis considers the geographical and chronological forms of ‘mirroring’ that offer a way of reading 'Annals' 1-6. It looks at how Tacitus’ depictions of non-Romans reflect back on Rome, and at the echoes of Rome’s past and future that can be discerned within his description of Tiberius’ principate. After an introduction that discusses key thematic and methodological questions, Chapter 1 shows that Tiberius’ accession and the Pannonian and German mutinies described in 'Annals' 1 echo Tacitus’ account in 'Histories' 1 of events of AD 69. Moreover, when the Romans attempt to conquer Germany, the Germans’ resistance to this and to other efforts to rule them shows up Roman responses to civil war and autocracy. Chapter 2 begins by examining potential similarities between Roman and both Parthian and Armenian history, and then focuses on Germanicus’ voyage in the east, recounted in 'Annals' 2. His actions associate him with many late republican and early imperial Roman figures, which suggests that there are continuities between those two eras. Chapter 3 extends this theme by discussing the echoes of Sallust and Caesar in the central books of the Tiberian hexad. Intertexts with Sallust’s 'Bellum Catilinae' especially hint that earlier civil conflicts are about to be replayed in some form, as the appearance of Sejanus, the ‘new Catiline’, confirms. Chapter 4 further considers Tacitus’ inferences about the overlap between republican and imperial history, and then examines anti-Roman revolts in 'Annals' 2, 3 and 4. Foreign rebels’ relative success in attempting to reclaim their freedom correlates with their distance from Rome, and this has clear implications for the status of Roman 'libertas' under Tiberius. Finally, the outbreak of ‘civil war within the principate’, and indeed within the imperial house, is analysed. Chapter 5 traces the continuation of this ‘civil war’, and proposes that the last book of the Tiberian hexad again looks directly to 69, as well as to the excesses of other Julio-Claudians. It also considers Tacitus’ account of Roman intervention in Parthia: this episode confirms imperial Rome’s propensity for autocracy and civil war. There follows a short conclusion in which some speculation is offered about how some of the themes discussed in this thesis with reference to the Tiberian hexad may have been represented in the lost central books of the 'Annals'.

Há uma leitura particular da identidade no mundo romano, entre tantas possíveis, que deriva da tradição historiográfica latina. Os historiadores romanos criaram um discurso específico do passado, que buscava uma uniformidade, mas também demonstrava suas peculiaridades distintas de acordo com as circunstâncias de suas próprias realidades. Pretendemos aqui discutir o caso de dois deles, Tito Lívio e Tácito, para compreendermos o que eles entendiam por \"ser romano\", baseado nas premissas da interação entre o gênero historiográfico e os contextos contemporâneos dos autores. As dificuldades ao reconstruir este segundo tópico são um tema comum nos estudos sobre Tito Lívio e Tácito, concentrando-se principalmente na relação deles com os imperadores, mas aqui tencionamos fazer uma relação desse ponto com as singularidades das suas reconstruções do passado, que eram baseadas num conjunto relativamente regular de regras da narrativa. Os novos caminhos nos estudos sobre identidades no mundo antigo trazem interessantes leituras para esse problema, pois ajudam a renovar a análise de, no recorte que escolhemos, quatro dos principais conceitos que definem a identidade romana em Tito Lívio e Tácito: concordia, pietas, fides e mos maiorum. Finalmente, tanto o processo de reconstrução do passado através de uma memória compartilhada e regulada quanto a busca constante de padrões morais fixos revelam, em última instância, as mudanças pelas quais passa a cidade de Roma no desenvolvimento do principado, de forma que essa identidade romana acaba por fazer da própria cidade um símbolo. Há uma leitura particular da identidade no mundo romano, entre tantas possíveis, que deriva da tradição historiográfica latina. Os historiadores romanos criaram um discurso específico do passado, que buscava uma uniformidade, mas também demonstrava suas peculiaridades distintas de acordo com as circunstâncias de suas próprias realidades. Pretendemos aqui discutir o caso de dois deles, Tito Lívio e Tácito, para compreendermos o que eles entendiam por \"ser romano\", baseado nas premissas da interação entre o gênero historiográfico e os contextos contemporâneos dos autores. As dificuldades ao reconstruir este segundo tópico são um tema comum nos estudos sobre Tito Lívio e Tácito, concentrando-se principalmente na relação deles com os imperadores, mas aqui tencionamos fazer uma relação desse ponto com as singularidades das suas reconstruções do passado, que eram baseadas num conjunto relativamente regular de regras da narrativa. Os novos caminhos nos estudos sobre identidades no mundo antigo trazem interessantes leituras para esse problema, pois ajudam a renovar a análise de, no recorte que escolhemos, quatro dos principais conceitos que definem a identidade romana em Tito Lívio e Tácito: concordia, pietas, fides e mos maiorum. Finalmente, tanto o processo de reconstrução do passado através de uma memória compartilhada e regulada quanto a busca constante de padrões morais fixos revelam, em última instância, as mudanças pelas quais passa a cidade de Roma no desenvolvimento do principado, de forma que essa identidade romana acaba por fazer da própria cidade um símbolo. / There is one particular reading of identity in the Roman world, among many possible others, that derives from the tradition of Latin historiography. Roman historians have created a specific discourse on the past, aiming at uniformity but also showing their distinctive peculiarities due to the circumstances of their own times. We aim here to discuss the case of two of them, Livy and Tacitus, with a goal to understand their views on what \"being Roman\" meant, based on the premises of the interplay between the historiographical genre and the authors\' contemporary contexts. The difficulties when trying to reconstruct this second topic are a standard issue in the studies about Livy and Tacitus, focusing primarily on their relationship with the emperors, but here we intend to make a connection of this issue with the singularities of their reconstructions of the past, which were based on a fairly regular set of writing rules. The new trends on the question of identities in the Ancient world add to this inquiry, helping to refresh the analysis of, as we chose, four concepts that help to define the Roman identity in Livy and Tacitus: concordia, pietas, fides and mos maiorum. In the end, both the process of reconstruction of the past through a shared and regulated memory and the constant call for a fixed set of moral standards ultimately reveal the changes that the city of Rome goes through under the development of the Principate, so that this Roman identity end up making a symbol out of the city itself.

Há uma leitura particular da identidade no mundo romano, entre tantas possíveis, que deriva da tradição historiográfica latina. Os historiadores romanos criaram um discurso específico do passado, que buscava uma uniformidade, mas também demonstrava suas peculiaridades distintas de acordo com as circunstâncias de suas próprias realidades. Pretendemos aqui discutir o caso de dois deles, Tito Lívio e Tácito, para compreendermos o que eles entendiam por \"ser romano\", baseado nas premissas da interação entre o gênero historiográfico e os contextos contemporâneos dos autores. As dificuldades ao reconstruir este segundo tópico são um tema comum nos estudos sobre Tito Lívio e Tácito, concentrando-se principalmente na relação deles com os imperadores, mas aqui tencionamos fazer uma relação desse ponto com as singularidades das suas reconstruções do passado, que eram baseadas num conjunto relativamente regular de regras da narrativa. Os novos caminhos nos estudos sobre identidades no mundo antigo trazem interessantes leituras para esse problema, pois ajudam a renovar a análise de, no recorte que escolhemos, quatro dos principais conceitos que definem a identidade romana em Tito Lívio e Tácito: concordia, pietas, fides e mos maiorum. Finalmente, tanto o processo de reconstrução do passado através de uma memória compartilhada e regulada quanto a busca constante de padrões morais fixos revelam, em última instância, as mudanças pelas quais passa a cidade de Roma no desenvolvimento do principado, de forma que essa identidade romana acaba por fazer da própria cidade um símbolo. Há uma leitura particular da identidade no mundo romano, entre tantas possíveis, que deriva da tradição historiográfica latina. Os historiadores romanos criaram um discurso específico do passado, que buscava uma uniformidade, mas também demonstrava suas peculiaridades distintas de acordo com as circunstâncias de suas próprias realidades. Pretendemos aqui discutir o caso de dois deles, Tito Lívio e Tácito, para compreendermos o que eles entendiam por \"ser romano\", baseado nas premissas da interação entre o gênero historiográfico e os contextos contemporâneos dos autores. As dificuldades ao reconstruir este segundo tópico são um tema comum nos estudos sobre Tito Lívio e Tácito, concentrando-se principalmente na relação deles com os imperadores, mas aqui tencionamos fazer uma relação desse ponto com as singularidades das suas reconstruções do passado, que eram baseadas num conjunto relativamente regular de regras da narrativa. Os novos caminhos nos estudos sobre identidades no mundo antigo trazem interessantes leituras para esse problema, pois ajudam a renovar a análise de, no recorte que escolhemos, quatro dos principais conceitos que definem a identidade romana em Tito Lívio e Tácito: concordia, pietas, fides e mos maiorum. Finalmente, tanto o processo de reconstrução do passado através de uma memória compartilhada e regulada quanto a busca constante de padrões morais fixos revelam, em última instância, as mudanças pelas quais passa a cidade de Roma no desenvolvimento do principado, de forma que essa identidade romana acaba por fazer da própria cidade um símbolo. / There is one particular reading of identity in the Roman world, among many possible others, that derives from the tradition of Latin historiography. Roman historians have created a specific discourse on the past, aiming at uniformity but also showing their distinctive peculiarities due to the circumstances of their own times. We aim here to discuss the case of two of them, Livy and Tacitus, with a goal to understand their views on what \"being Roman\" meant, based on the premises of the interplay between the historiographical genre and the authors\' contemporary contexts. The difficulties when trying to reconstruct this second topic are a standard issue in the studies about Livy and Tacitus, focusing primarily on their relationship with the emperors, but here we intend to make a connection of this issue with the singularities of their reconstructions of the past, which were based on a fairly regular set of writing rules. The new trends on the question of identities in the Ancient world add to this inquiry, helping to refresh the analysis of, as we chose, four concepts that help to define the Roman identity in Livy and Tacitus: concordia, pietas, fides and mos maiorum. In the end, both the process of reconstruction of the past through a shared and regulated memory and the constant call for a fixed set of moral standards ultimately reveal the changes that the city of Rome goes through under the development of the Principate, so that this Roman identity end up making a symbol out of the city itself.

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Resumo: Este estudo tem por finalidade analisar as cortes de justiça senatorial e imperial, através das obras Cartas e Panegírico a Trajano escritas por Plínio, o Jovem, e Diálogo dos Oradores, Agrícola, Histórias e Anais I-VI de Tácito. A organização judiciária da cidade de Roma, durante o Principado, contava com diferentes cortes de justiça. Apesar de perpassar a jurisdição de diferentes cortes de justiça, a presente tese irá se centrar na interpretação das acusações de maiestas e repetundae, relatadas por esses dois senadores romanos, que foram instauradas perante as cortes senatorial e imperial. Ambas as cortes se configuraram como ambientes privilegiados para a análise das negociações entre o Senado e o princeps e, por esta razão, serão objetos do nosso estudo. Veremos como a escolha de uma corte de justiça e os procedimentos empregados no julgamento dos processos eram permeados por negociações entre o Senado e os imperadores atuantes. Como discorremos, Tácito e Plínio centraram suas narrativas no (des)equilíbrio da distribuição das funções e dos poderes jurídicos e político-administrativos entre o Senado e o princeps. Assim, investigaremos a hipótese da existência de um entrelaçamento entre as práticas político-administrativas e as práticas jurídicas durante o Principado. Nesse sentido, partiremos do estudo das acusações de repetundae e maiestas identificadas em nossa documentação. O crimen repetundarum e o crimen maiestatis, de modo geral, criminalizavam, respectivamente, o su... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study’s goal is to analyze the senatorial and imperial law courts through Pliny the Younger’s works Letters and Panegyric to Trajan, as well as Tacitus' works Dialogue on Oratory, Agricola, Histories and Annals I-VI. The judiciary structure of the city of Rome, during the Principate, featured different law courts. Although it encompasses the jurisdiction of different law courts, this thesis will focus on the interpretation of the accusations of maiestas and repetundae reported by these two Roman senators that were installed in the senatorial and imperial law courts. Both courts of justice became privileged environments for the analysis of the negotiations between the Senate and the princeps, and, for this reason, they are the objects of our study. We will see how the choice for a law court and the procedures employed in the trials of the processes were permeated by negotiations between the Senate and the regent emperors. As discussed, Tacitus and Pliny centered their narratives around the (im)balance of function distribution and legal and political-administrative powers between the Senate and the princeps. Thus, we will investigate the hypothesis of an interweaving between the political-administrative practices and the legal practices during the Principate. In this way, we will proceed to the study of the accusations of repetundae and maiestas identified in our sources. The crimen repetundarum and the crimen maiestatis, in a broad manner, criminalized, respectively, brib... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Résumé: Cette étude vise à analyser les cours sénatoriales et impériales, à travers les oeuvres Correspondance et Panégyrique de Trajan, écrites par Pline le Jeune et le Dialogue des orateurs, la Vie d’Agricola, les Histoires et les Annales I-VI de Tacite. L’organisation judiciaire de la ville de Rome, pendant le Principat, avait différentes cours de justice. Malgré aborder la juridiction des différentes cours de justice, cette thèse se concentra sur l’interpretation des accusations de maiestas et de repentundae, rapportées par ces deux sénateurs romains, qui ont été instaurées devant les cours sénatorial et impérial. Les deux cours ont été configurées comme des environnements privilégies pour l’analyse des négociations entre le Sénat et le princeps et, pour cette raison, feront l’objet de notre étude. Nous verrons comment le choix d’une cour de justice et les procédures suivies lors du procès ont été imprégnés de négociations entre le Sénat et les empereurs actifs. Comme nous avons discouru, Tacite et Pline ont centré leur récit sur le (dés)équilibre de la répartition des fonctions et des pouvoirs juridiques et politico-administratifs entre le Sénat et le princeps. Ainsi, nous étudierons l’hypothèse de l’existence d’une imbrication entre pratiques politico-administratifs et pratiques juridiques pendant le Principat. En ce sens, nous commencerons par l’étude des accusations de repetundae et maiestas identifiées dans notre documentation. Le crimen repetundarum et le crimen maiestatis,... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous) / Doutor

Thesis--Université de Paris IV, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 423-471) and index.

Thesis--Université de Paris IV, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 423-471) and index.

Thesis--Université de Paris IV, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 423-471) and index. Also issued online.