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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

[en] CRITERIA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE VOLTAGE STABILITY MARGIN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE OPERATION / [pt] CRITÉRIO PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA MARGEM DE ESTABILIDADE DE TENSÃO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA OPERAÇÃO

AMANDA ALVARENGA DIAS 12 November 2020 (has links)
[pt] Atualmente, o fenômeno de instabilidade de tensão representa uma das principais barreiras à operação estável das redes de energia elétrica, que tendem a crescer e a se tornarem cada vez mais interconectadas. A dificuldade de manter um perfil de tensão aceitável aumenta substancialmente e a estabilidade de tensão na operação dos sistemas elétricos deve ser preservada ao máximo, a fim de evitar os graves efeitos que a sua perda acarreta ao sistema. Esta dissertação atua na operação do sistema de energia elétrica, mais especificamente na área de operação em tempo real, onde é importante se conhecer a proximidade da condição operativa atual do sistema daquela que corresponde ao ponto crítico de estabilidade. Tal conhecimento permite que ações preventivas sejam realizadas no sentido de se evitar a instabilidade. O objetivo do trabalho é, a partir da comparação entre a margem sistêmica e a margem nodal, calculadas respectivamente pelo Fluxo de Potência Continuado e pelo método da Matriz D, determinar um critério para a margem de capacidade de carga, do ponto de vista de estabilidade de tensão, para a operação segura. No evento de cada contingência, calcula-se o maior crescimento de carga (margem), a partir do caso base, onde os índices nodais ainda são positivos. Define-se como margem mínima a menor dessas margens. A abordagem proposta foi avaliada através dos resultados obtidos com uma versão modificada do chamado sistema Nordic32. / [en] Currently, the phenomenon of voltage instability represents one of the main barriers to the stable operation of electric power networks, which tend to grow and become increasingly interconnected. The difficulty of maintaining an acceptable voltage profile increases substantially and the voltage stability in the operation of the electrical systems must be preserved to the maximum extent in order to avoid the serious effects that its loss entails on the system. This dissertation works in the operation of the electrical system, more specific in the area of operation in real time, where it is important to know the proximity of the operational condition of the current system that corresponds to the critical point of stability. Such knowledge allows preventive actions to be taken in order to avoid instability. The determination of appropriate margins for the various activities carried out in the electric power systems is not a trivial task, motivating the development of this dissertation. The objective of the work is from the comparison between a systemic margin and the nodal margin, calculated respectively by the Continued Power Flow and by the Matrix D method, to determine a criterion for the load capacity margin from the voltage stability point of view, for safe operation. In the event of each contingency, the largest growth (margin) is calculated from the base case, where the nodal indices are still positive. The smallest margin is defined as the minimum margin. The proposed approach was evaluated through the results obtained with a modified version of the so-called Nordic32 test system.
122

[pt] A INADEQUAÇÃO DO FLUXO DE POTÊNCIA CONTINUADO NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA MARGEM DE CARREGAMENTO PARA A ESTABILIDADE DE TENSÃO / [en] THE INADEQUACY OF CONTINUOUS POWER FLOW IN DETERMINING THE LOAD MARGIN FOR VOLTAGE STABILITY

DEBORAH KALYNNE DA SILVA 11 March 2021 (has links)
[pt] Com os sistemas elétricos cada vez mais sobrecarregados em virtude do aumento do consumo de energia elétrica e das restrições ambientais e econômicas, a avaliação das condições de estabilidade de tensão é cada vez mais necessária para os estudos de planejamento e na operação. Nesse contexto, os métodos para a avaliação do carregamento da rede auxiliam na compreensão do funcionamento dos sistemas em condições anormais. Para os diferentes tipos de rede, foram deduzidos os índices de avaliação da estabilidade de tensão para carregamentos selecionados, que indicam a região de operação nas curvas (Fator de Potência) constante no plano SV, para cada barra do sistema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar e analisar os resultados obtidos para determinar o ponto de máximo carregamento entre o método do Fluxo de Potência Continuado e o método da Matriz D para diferentes tipos de sistemas teste. / [en] As electrical systems increasingly overloaded due to increased electricity consumption and environmental and economic constraints, the assessment of voltage stability conditions is increasingly needed for planning and operation studies. In this context, the methods for evaluating the load of the network help to understand the system operations under abnormal conditions. For different types of network, the evaluation indices of voltage stability for selected loads were deduced. These indices indicate the operating region in the curves constant in SV plane for each system bar. This study aims to compare and analyze the results obtained to determine the maximum load point between the Continuous Power Flow method and the Matrix D method for different types of test systems.
123

[en] USING ELECTRIC CIRCUIT EQUIVALENTS FOR VOLTAGE STABILITY ASSESSMENT / [pt] UTILIZAÇÃO DE CIRCUITOS ELÉTRICOS EQUIVALENTES NA AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ESTABILIDADE DE TENSÃO

LAURA CRISTINA PANIAGUA PALACIO 08 June 2015 (has links)
[pt] O surgimento do fenômeno de estabilidade de tensão na operação dos sistemas elétricos motivou centenas de pesquisadores a desenvolverem métodos que permitam detectar a proximidade à instabilidade de tensão, com eficiência computacional, e tomar medidas acertadas para garantir a operação confiável e segura. Neste trabalho são analisados diferentes métodos que permitem transformar sistemas de grande porte em circuitos simples: o circuito equivalente entre geradores e cargas, baseado no cálculo de correntes de curto-circuito, na técnica de redução de rede pela eliminação de barras intermediárias e no equivalente de Thévenin. É analisada a utilização destes equivalentes na avaliação das condições de estabilidade de tensão com sistemas-testes de 3 e 4 barras. Através de diferentes testes verificou-se que o circuito equivalente entre geradores e cargas e a técnica de redução de rede não podem ser usados para o cálculo de índices de avaliação das condições de estabilidade de tensão, enquanto que, usando circuito equivalente de Thévenin encontrou-se um método que funciona corretamente para barra de carga terminal, barra não-terminal e barra de tensão controlada por gerador. / [en] The emergence of voltage stability phenomenon in the operation of power systems has motivated hundreds of researchers to develop methods to detect the proximity to voltage instability, with computational efficiency and to take all necessary and appropriate measures to ensure reliable and safe operation. In this work, different methods that allow transforming large systems into simple circuits were analyzed, such as the equivalent circuit between generators and loads, based on the calculation of short-circuit currents; the network reduction technique for eliminating intermediate buses; and the Thévenin equivalent. The application of these equivalents on voltage stability assessment of 3 and 4 bus testing systems were extensively tested. At the end, it was verified that that the equivalent circuit between the generator and load, and the network reduction technique, cannot be used for calculating the voltage stability conditions evaluation indexes. However, using Thévenin equivalent circuit, it was found a proper method, which works correctly for terminal buses, transit buses and voltage-controlled buses.
124

[pt] ANÁLISES ESTÁTICA E DINÂMICA DA ATUAÇÃO DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE CONTROLE NA ESTABILIDADE DE TENSÃO / [en] STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSES OF CONTROL DEVICE EFFECTS ON VOLTAGE STABILITY

MARCOS VINICIUS PIMENTEL TEIXEIRA 19 October 2016 (has links)
[pt] O problema da estabilidade de tensão está associado à máxima injeção de potência em barras da rede e à possibilidade do controle de tensão ter o efeito oposto ao esperado. Alguns casos reais de blecaute, caracterizados por afundamento de tensão, sugerem que os procedimentos normais para o controle de tensão do sistema podem agravar ainda mais o problema. Isso ocorreria porque, em determinadas situações especiais, caracterizadas pela relação inversa entre as variáveis de controle dos equipamentos, as ações de controle teriam o efeito oposto ao esperado da sua lógica de projeto. Esta afirmação é baseada no critério de estabilidade de tensão a pequenas perturbações que diz: Dada uma condição de operação para cada barra no sistema, o sistema é estável caso o módulo da tensão na barra aumente à medida que a injeção de potência reativa nessa mesma barra é aumentada. Um sistema é instável se, para pelo menos uma barra no sistema, o módulo de tensão da barra diminui conforme a injeção de potência reativa nessa barra é aumentada. Adicionalmente, o critério da curva 𝑉𝑄 diz: Uma vez que todos os dispositivos de controle de potência reativa são projetados para funcionar satisfatoriamente quando um aumento em 𝑄 é acompanhado por um aumento em 𝑉, a operação do lado direito das curvas 𝑉𝑄 é estável e do lado esquerdo é instável. Além disso, a parte inferior da curva 𝑉𝑄 representa o limite de estabilidade e define o valor de potência reativa mínimo para uma operação estável. Esse efeito não esperado do controle poderia causar tensões excessivamente baixas (ou altas) para a operação normal do sistema e provocar consequências indesejáveis. Visto isso, esse trabalho tem como principal objetivo investigar, no domínio do tempo, o efeito das ações de controle de tensão em pontos onde as variáveis de controle dos equipamentos apresentam relação inversa e, assim, validar (ou não) os resultados estimados pelos métodos baseados em análise estática como, por exemplo, os critérios de estabilidade de tensão a pequenas perturbações e da curva 𝑉𝑄. As simulações dinâmicas mostram que a análise estática não pode ser aplicada a todos os tipos de equipamentos que controlam a tensão. Outra possível causa do problema da estabilidade de tensão está relacionada à atuação de limitadores de sobre-excitação de máquinas síncronas e, por esta razão, é proposto um método para identificar as máquinas propensas a atingir o limite de sobre-excitação em estudos de regime permanente. No entanto, a atuação desses limitadores, na grande maioria das vezes, não apresenta efeito prejudicial na estabilidade do sistema e, por isto, também é proposto um critério que aponta a iminente perda da estabilidade devido à atuação dos limitadores. Este critério pode ser útil na concepção de esquemas automáticos de rejeição de carga, a fim de impedir a perda de estabilidade, e ele também pode ser utilizado em avaliações de segurança online para alertar sobre possíveis riscos de instabilidade e, consequentemente, para indicar ações preventivas. / [en] The voltage stability problem is associated with the maximum power injection in the network and the possibility of the voltage control having the opposite effect. Some real cases of blackouts characterized by voltage decays suggest that normal procedures for automatic voltage control can adversely affect the voltage level in the system. This may have been because in special situations, characterized by an inverse relationship between the controls variables in the devices used to control the system voltage, the automatic voltage control can have the opposite effect to that expected based on the design logic. This statement is based on the criterion for small-disturbance voltage stability: At a given operating condition for every bus in the system, a system is voltage-stable if the bus voltage magnitude increases as the reactive power injection at the same bus is increased. A system is voltage-unstable if, for at least one bus in the system, the bus voltage magnitude decreases as the reactive power injection at the same bus is increased. In addition, it is based on the 𝑉𝑄 curve criterion: Since all reactive power control devices are designed to operate satisfactorily when an increase in 𝑄 is accompanied by an increase in 𝑉, operation on the right side of the 𝑉𝑄 is stable and on the left side is unstable. Besides, the bottom of the 𝑉𝑄 curve represents the stability limit and defines the minimum reactive power requirement for stable operation. The unexpected control effect could produce excessively low (or high) voltages for normal system operation and cause undesirable consequences. In light of this, the present work seeks to analyze in the time domain the effects of device control actions starting from points where the control variables are inversely related and validated (or not) the results estimated by methods based on static analysis, for example, the criterion for small-disturbance voltage stability and 𝑉𝑄 curve. Dynamic simulations show that static analysis cannot be applied to all types of devices used to control the voltage. Another possible cause of the voltage stability problem is the action of overexcitation limiters. For this reason, it is proposed a way for identifying the machines that have a chance to hit the overexcitation limit in static analysis studies. However, in most cases, the action of these limiters has no detrimental effect on system stability and, therefore, it is also proposed a criterion that identifies the imminent loss of stability due to these limiters. This criterion may be useful in design of load shedding schemes, in order to prevent loss of stability, and can be used for online security assessment, warning for instability and indicating preventive actions.
125

A Multichoice Control Strategy for a VSC-HVdc

Latorre, Hector F. January 2008 (has links)
Utilization of power electronics based controllable systems (or devices) in transmission systems has opened new opportunities for the power industry to optimize utilization of the existing transmission systems, and at the same time to keep high system reliability and security. As a member of these controllable systems, Voltage Source Converters-based High Voltage direct current (VSC-HVdc) systems have the ability to rapidly control the transmitted active power, and also to independently exchange reactive power with transmissions systems. Therefore, VSC-HVdcs with a suitable control scheme can offer an alternative means to enhance transient stability, to improve power oscillations damping, and to provide voltage support. An interesting application of this system is the analysis of a power system when a VSC-HVdc is connected in parallel with ac transmission lines. This thesis presents the derivation of control strategies to damp power oscillations, to enhance the transient stability and to provide voltage support for a VSC-HVdc. The thesis also formulates a multichoice control strategy and its application when the VSC-HVdc is connected in a synchronous system. The control strategy for enhancing transient stability is based on the theory of Control Lyapunov Function. The control strategy for increasing the damping is based on Linear Analysis. A very effective well known way to increase damping in the system is modulating the active power through the HVdc. However, besides the control of active power, the thesis explores an alternative way to mitigate power oscillations by controlling the reactive power. This condition might be very useful when the dc link in the VSC-HVdc system is out of service, but the converter stations are in operating conditions. A simple model of VSC-HVdc is considered in order to test the control strategy. The model represents the VSC-HVdc as an element in the power system that provides adequate interaction with other systems elements. The model is intended for analysis of power flows and electromechanical transients. It is then sufficient to consider the power frequency components of voltages and currents represented by phasors that vary with time during transients. The model is valid for symmetrical conditions, i.e. positive sequence phasors are used for the representation of the electrical state. / QC 20101117
126

Voltage Stability Analysis of Unbalanced Power Systems

Santosh Kumar, A January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
The modern day power system is witnessing a tremendous change. There has been a rapid rise in the distributed generation, along with this the deregulation has resulted in a more complex system. The power demand is on a rise, the generation and trans-mission infrastructure hasn't yet adapted to this growing demand. The economic and operational constraints have forced the system to be operated close to its design limits, making the system vulnerable to disturbances and possible grid failure. This makes the study of voltage stability of the system important more than ever. Generally, voltage stability studies are carried on a single phase equivalent system assuming that the system is perfectly balanced. However, the three phase power system is not always in balanced state. There are a number of untransposed lines, single phase and double phase lines. This thesis deals with three phase voltage stability analysis, in particular the voltage stability index known as L-Index. The equivalent single phase analysis for voltage stability fails to work in case of any unbalance in the system or in presence of asymmetrical contingency. Moreover, as the system operators are giving importance to synchrophasor measurements, PMUs are being installed throughout the system. Hence, the three phase voltages can be obtained, making three phase analysis easier. To study the effect of unbalanced system on voltage stability a three phase L-Index based on traditional L-Index has been proposed. The proposed index takes into consideration the unbalance resulting due to untransposed transmission lines and unbalanced loads in the system. This index can handle any unbalance in the system and is much more realistic. To obtain bus voltages during unbalanced operation of the system a three phase decoupled Newton Raphson load ow was used. Reactive power distribution in a system can be altered using generators voltage set-ting, transformers OLTC settings and SVC settings. All these settings are usually in balanced mode i.e. all the phases have the same setting. Based on this reactive power optimization using LP technique on an equivalent single phase system is proposed. This method takes into account generator voltage settings, OLTC settings of transformers and SVC settings. The optimal settings so obtained are applied to corresponding three phase system. The effectiveness of the optimal settings during unbalanced scenario is studied. This method ensures better voltage pro les and decrease in power loss. Case studies of the proposed methods are carried on 12 bus and 24 bus EHV systems of southern Indian grid and a modified IEEE 30 bus system. Both balanced and unbalanced systems are studied and the results are compared.
127

Investigation of the application of UPFC controllers for weak bus systems subjected to fault conditions : an investigation of the behaviour of a UPFC controller : the voltage stability and power transfer capability of the network and the effect of the position of unsymmetrical fault conditions

Jalboub, Mohamed January 2012 (has links)
In order to identify the weakest bus in a power system so that the Unified Power Flow Controller could be connected, an investigation of static and dynamic voltage stability is presented. Two stability indices, static and dynamic, have been proposed in the thesis. Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) analysis has been used for the dynamic stability analysis. Results based on the Western System Coordinate Council (WSCC) 3-machine, 9-bus test system and IEEE 14 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) shows that these indices detect with the degree of accuracy the weakest bus, the weakest line and the voltage stability margin in the test system before suffering from voltage collapse. Recently, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission systems (FACTs) have become significant due to the need to strengthen existing power systems. The UPFC has been identified in literature as the most comprehensive and complex FACTs equipment that has emerged for the control and optimization of power flow in AC transmission systems. Significant research has been done on the UPFC. However, the extent of UPFC capability, connected to the weakest bus in maintaining the power flows under fault conditions, not only in the line where it is installed, but also in adjacent parallel lines, remains to be studied. In the literature, it has normally been assumed the UPFC is disconnected during a fault period. In this investigation it has been shown that fault conditions can affect the UPFC significantly, even if it occurred on far buses of the power system. This forms the main contribution presented in this thesis. The impact of UPFC in minimizing the disturbances in voltages, currents and power flows under fault conditions are investigated. The WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus test system is used to investigate the effect of an unsymmetrical fault type and position on the operation of UPFC controller in accordance to the G59 protection, stability and regulation. Results show that it is necessary to disconnect the UPFC controller from the power system during unsymmetrical fault conditions.
128

[en] LOSS OF CONTROL AND INADEQUATE VOLTAGE CONTROL ACTION IN THE EVALUATION OF VOLTAGE STABILITY CONDITIONS / [pt] PERDA E INADEQUAÇÃO DO CONTROLE DE TENSÃO NA AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ESTABILIDADE DE TENSÃO

OSCAR CUARESMA ZEVALLOS 03 February 2015 (has links)
[pt] Esta pesquisa está relacionada à avaliação das condições de estabilidade de tensão em pontos de operação do sistema elétrico. A modelagem de geradores / compensadores síncronos e compensadores estáticos são analisadas. Estabeleceram-se os melhores modelos com controle de tensão ativo e com perda do controle. A questão da adequação do controle de tensão foi tratada através da análise dos elementos da matriz de sensibilidade entre as grandezas controladoras e as tensões controladas. Os índices de estabilidade de tensão foram calculados. Em todos os casos, a perda de controle de tensão tem impacto negativo sobre as condições de estabilidade de tensão. Nos casos com ação de controle inadequada, independe da relação inversa entre grandeza controladora e tensão controlada, um aumento da tensão na barra controlada teve um impacto positivo sobre as condições de estabilidade de tensão, e uma diminuição da tensão na barra controlada teve impacto negativo sobre as condições de estabilidade de tensão. Esse é o resultado esperado também quando a ação de controle é adequada. / [en] This research is related to the evaluation of voltage stability conditions of operating points of the power system. It has been studied the modelling of synchronous generators/synchronous compensators and static var compensators. The best models were established with active voltage control and with loss of control. The issue of voltage control was treated through analysis of the matrix sensitivity elements between the controlling variables and voltages at controlled buses. The voltage stability indexes were evaluated. In all cases, control loss proved to have a negative impact on voltage stability conditions. In cases with inadequate control action, results are non-dependent of the opposed relation between the controlling variable and voltage at controlling bus, an increase on voltage at controlled busbar proved to have a positive impact on voltage stability conditions, and a decrease on voltage at controlled busbar proved to have a negative impact on voltage stability conditions. This is also expected when the control action is appropriate.
129

Estudo de máximo carregamento em sistemas de energia elétrica. / A study about maximum loading in electrical power systems.

Silveira, Cristiano da Silva 25 February 2003 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o método da continuação aplicado ao problema de fluxo de potência. Definições e conceitos de estabilidade de tensão são descritos de forma a explicitar as diferenças e semelhanças existentes com relação ao estudo de máximo carregamento em sistemas de energia elétrica. Uma síntese da teoria da bifurcação aborda sua importância em estudos de colapso de tensão. É proposta uma técnica de controle do tamanho do passo para o método da continuação com o objetivo de determinar o ponto de máximo carregamento (PMC) sem a necessidade de especificar, por meio do usuário, um valor para o tamanho inicial do passo. Os resultados dos estudos realizados em sistemas testes do IEEE (14, 30, 57 e 118 barras) mostram a aplicação do método da continuação convencional e de sua associação à técnica de controle do tamanho do passo. / This work presents a research about the continuation method applied to the power flow problem. Voltage stability definitions and concepts are described in a way to highlight and point out the differences and the similarities among several methods used to determine the maximum loading of electrical power systems. A short description of the bifurcation theory is also presented in order to show its importance to the voltage collapse studies. A technique based on automatically controlling the step size is proposed as an innovation of the continuation method. The objective of this technique is to determine the maximum loading point without the traditional need of asking the user for the initial step size. The results compare the performance between the conventional and the new method. These methods are analyzed using IEEE test systems (14, 30, 57 and 118-bus).
130

Estudos de estabilidade de sistemas elétricos de potência na presença de diferentes modelos de unidades eólicas / Stability analysis of power systems in the presence of wind generation plants with different models

Alexandre Prodóssimo Sohn 19 February 2014 (has links)
Diante da crescente penetração da energia elétrica gerada por unidades eólicas no sistema elétrico de inúmeros países, a presente dissertação de mestrado investiga os problemas de estabilidade transitória, para geradores síncronos, de estabilidade de tensão, para geradores síncronos e aerogeradores e de estabilidade de velocidade, para aerogeradores, em sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica, frente a grandes perturbações. São estabelecidas comparações entre os diferentes comportamentos dinâmicos de cada tipo de unidade eólica, referentes aos tipos A, B, C e D. Também, são verificados os efeitos de contingências aplicadas a sistemas teste, na presença de sistemas de geração convencionais dotados de geradores síncronos e parques eólicos compostos pelos tipos de unidades eólicas citadas, a fim de verificar a relação entre os diferentes sistemas de geração. As simulações realizadas contemplam aspectos dinâmicos de modelos genéricos de aerogeradores. São estudadas as partes constituintes de aerogeradores, realizadas as modelagens e discutidos os métodos de controle usuais. As principais características dos modelos genéricos de unidades eólicas, assim como os respectivos diagramas de bloco para cada modelo são apresentados. As simulações são realizadas no programa computacional PSS/E, cujos modelos, já validados, representam aerogeradores reais de fabricantes distintos. É observado que as diferentes características dos modelos de unidades eólicas e as estratégias de controle empregadas para atenuar os efeitos negativos de contingências impostas ao sistema, influenciam significativamente o perfil da tensão e o fluxo de potência na rede elétrica. Este fato é refletido em diferentes respostas dos sistemas de geração. As unidades eólicas mostram-se resistentes à perderem a estabilidade e apresentam-se capazes de estabilizar um sistema elétrico de potência, devido aos mecanismos de controle de velocidade e potência dos mesmos. A violação da curva LVRT mostra-se a principal causa da desconexão de aerogeradores da rede elétrica. Verifica-se neste trabalho que os aerogeradores somente tornam-se instáveis quando os geradores síncronos perdem o sincronismo, ou quando o controle do torque aerodinâmico é desconsiderado. / Considering the growing penetration of electrical energy generated by wind turbines in the power system of numerous countries, the present masters dissertation investigates the problems of transient stability, for synchronous generators, voltage stability, for synchronous generators and aerogenerators, and velocity stability, for aerogenerators, in transmission systems, before large disturbances. Comparisons are made between the different dynamic behaviors of each type of wind energy conversion system, namely types A, B, C and D. The effects of contingencies in some test systems in the presence of wind farms with different types of aerogenerators and conventional synchronous generators are verified, whose aim of the simulations is to analyze the relation between the different generation systems. The simulations performed contemplate dynamic aspects of generic models of wind turbines. The components of wind turbines are studied, the modeling of these components is elaborated and the usual control methods are discussed. The main characteristics of generic wind models and the diagram blocks are presented. The simulations were performed in software PSS/E, whose models already validated, represent real machines. The different characteristics of aerogenerator models and the control strategies employed to mitigate the negative consequences, from several contingencies, significantly influence the voltage profile and the power flow network. This fact implies in different responses of generation systems. It is verified that wind generators are very robust to perturbations and contribute to the stabilization of synchronous generators in a power system, increasing the average critical clearing times. Unstable modes related to the acceleration of the wind generator rotor are hardly ever observed due to the existing mechanisms of control of speed and generated power. It is observed that violation of the LVRT curve is the main cause of disconnection of wind turbines from the grid and it consists of the main cause of power system collapse triggered by problems in this type of generators.

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