Titel: Thinking outside the box: Goals and Salary boxes as motivational factors Authors: Anna Ceder and  Karin Barwinger Plogare Seat of Learning: Uppsala University Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if the imposition of salary boxes in Uppsala municipality has had any influence on the organisation’s employees’ to improve their work motivation. The reason for the study was to look deeper into employees’ motivational factors, this with a focus on salary as motivational factor in structures of salary boxes where it is possible for the employee to work towards goals which affect their salary. The primary purpose of the study was to look into if employees’ ability to advance their performance had any connection to the impostion of salary boxes. Methodology: In order to collect as much data as possible for the measurements one of the largest occupational groups in Uppsala municipality was chosen, which represents the group of pre-school teachers. In total there are 758 staff members in the professional group of pre-school teachers in Uppsala municipality who were all contacted to participate in the study through a survey questionnaire. The answers from the questionnaire were then tested and analyzed in forms of linear and binary regression analyses to check the significance of the independent variables both separetely with the dependent variable and all variables together in an attempt to identify the most significant motivational factor. Results: The results showed that the significant motivational factors for pre-school teatchers was the ones which represent organizational commitment and the goal setting theory. Keywords: Motivation, salary boxes, individual payment, individual salary, work motivation

Vi människor har under hela vår existens kommunicerat med varandra på ett eller annat sätt. Kommunikation är en ständigt fortgående social företeelse som inrymmer mycket mer än bara ord. Såväl kroppsspråk som blickar, klädsel, ljud och gester sänder ut mängder av kommunikativa budskap och att veta exakt hur var och en av oss tolkar olika kombinationer av dessa är omöjligt. Kanske är det just vad som har lockat människor i alla tider till att försöka behärska konsten att kommunicera effektivt och skapa nya kommunikativa förbindelser. I moderna organisationer har kommunikation blivit en viktig framgångsfaktor för konkurrens och fortlevnad. Traditionellt har fokus legat på den externa kommunikationen, med parter utanför den egna organisationen. Ett intresse som dock har vuxit sig starkare är det för internkommunikation, den som sker mellan parter inom den egna organisationen. Medarbetares motivation har även vuxit fram som ett organisatoriskt begrepp sedan det kopplats till arbetsprestation. För att besvara syftet ”Huruvida internkommunikationen har betydelse för medarbetarnas motivation till måluppfyllning” använde vi följande frågeställningar: Kan internkommunikation kopplas till motivation? Kan en miljö där en stor grupp anställda eftersträvar gemensamma mål skapas genom internkommunikation? Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ forskningsansats, genom en fallstudie på PostNord Logistics terminal i Veddesta. Vi observerade arbetsrutinerna och intervjuer genomfördes med två filialchefer och två chaufförer. En enkätundersökning genomfördes även med 30 chaufförer för att kontrollera generaliserbarheten i intervjuerna. Teorier med relevans valdes ut för att matchas med våra resultat. Resultatet bekräftade vad tidigare studier till stor del visat, nämligen att internkommunikationen påverkar motivationsnivån i en personalgrupp, beroende på hur väl fungerande den är, samt att faktorn inte går att förbise. / Humans have for our entire existence communicated with each other in one way or another. Communication is a constantly ongoing social phenomenon which includes much more than just words. Body language such as looks, clothes, tone and gestures contains amounts of communicative messages and to know exactly how each of us interprets various combinations of these is impossible. Perhaps that is exactly what has encouraged people of all ages to try and master the art of effective communication. In modern organizations communication has become an important success factor for competition and survival. Traditionally the focus has been the external communication with stakeholders outside the organization. However, the interest for internal communication, which takes place between employees in the organization, has grown stronger. Employee motivation also has emerged as an organizational concept since it has been linked to job performance. To reach the purpose of the study; "Whether the internal communication is important to motivate employees”, we used the following questions: Can internal communication be connected to motivation amongst employees? Can a working party with a large number of employees pursue common goals through intern communication? The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach, through a case study on PostNord Logistics terminal in Veddesta. We observed work practices and interviewed two branch managers and two drivers. A survey was also conducted with a group of drivers to check the generalizability of the interviews. Theories of relevance were selected to be matched with our results. The results confirmed what previous studies proved; that internal communication affects the level of motivation of employees, and that this factor cannot be overlooked.

The aims of this study are to establish: • what work satisfaction entails • which factors influence the work satisfaction of the principal according to the available literature • which factors in teaching practice influences the work satisfaction of the principal. To achieve these goals both an empirical and a survey of the literature was conducted. The study of the literature was undertaken from primary and secondary sources. After the characteristics and factors of work satisfaction have been established and discussed, a questionnaire was drafted. From the literature the following factors, the need of acknowledgement, the need to excel, relationships within the school, physical circumstances at work, and the status of the principal were identified as important. A systematic sample was used in which principals of primary schools in the Northern Cape were involved. The information gathered was processed with the aid of a computer. After processing, the data was interpreted and findings were established. According to the findings recommendations were made. The empirical investigation indicated that principals have reasonable work satisfaction but that there still are certain factors that should be addressed. Some of these factors are a healthy relationship with pupils, colleagues and subordinates and the line of communication between the school and Education Department. Certain recommendations are made on the basis of the empirical investigation. The most important recommendations are that the line of communication between the school and Education Department should be improved, and that achievements of the principal in his working environment should be acknowledged more. / Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1999

The aims of this study are to establish: • what work satisfaction entails • which factors influence the work satisfaction of the principal according to the available literature • which factors in teaching practice influences the work satisfaction of the principal. To achieve these goals both an empirical and a survey of the literature was conducted. The study of the literature was undertaken from primary and secondary sources. After the characteristics and factors of work satisfaction have been established and discussed, a questionnaire was drafted. From the literature the following factors, the need of acknowledgement, the need to excel, relationships within the school, physical circumstances at work, and the status of the principal were identified as important. A systematic sample was used in which principals of primary schools in the Northern Cape were involved. The information gathered was processed with the aid of a computer. After processing, the data was interpreted and findings were established. According to the findings recommendations were made. The empirical investigation indicated that principals have reasonable work satisfaction but that there still are certain factors that should be addressed. Some of these factors are a healthy relationship with pupils, colleagues and subordinates and the line of communication between the school and Education Department. Certain recommendations are made on the basis of the empirical investigation. The most important recommendations are that the line of communication between the school and Education Department should be improved, and that achievements of the principal in his working environment should be acknowledged more. / Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1999

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Previous research has shown that internal communication can be linked with how motivated a project team is, but research that shows examples of how this works is missing. This paper therefore aims to study how two different IT projects are working with internal communication. By analyzing its strengths and weaknesses, we wanted to study how these could be linked to the project team's motivation. In doing so, we wanted to be able to give examples of how projects could work with internal communication to motivate their project teams.  Essay questions of the study are:  How does the internal communication occur in the projects?  Which strengths and weaknesses are to be found in the internal communication?  How does the internal communication influence the project members' motivation?  To fulfill the purpose of the study it was needed informants interviews with the project manager for each project to access the facts, and respondent interviews with the project members from each project for accessing opinions. The results from the interviews show that both projects have effective communication, even if it looked different, and doesn't quite agree with what previous research recommends. Among other things, a clear communication structure is missing in one of the projects. Evaluation of the communication is missing in both projects. And in several cases also guidelines for the formal communication are missing, such as for the document management, through the system SharePoint. In both projects, the informal communication plays an important role and that both project teams are located close to each other seems tobe a recipe for successful communication. The project members are in favor of the communication and that fact made it natural to find links to the components that create motivation. Among other things, belonging and self-determination have been shown to be created by internal communication. However, there are other components, such as development and competence that have been more difficult to find examples of. This suggests that a certain amount of motivation can be achieved through functioning communication but also other motivators are needed in a project.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between self-determination theory and its three basic needs: competence, autonomy and relatedness, and commitment to change in an organizational change. Another purpose was to examine if the quality of the communication and the effects on the organization and way to work can predict commitment to change. Considering that organizational changes is very common today there is an interest to ease and improve the change process. The survey contained the scales Commitment to change scale and Basic need satisfaction at work scale and the participants were 39 office-workers who recently had gone through an organizational change. The result indicated that it’s possible to predict commitment to change from self-determination theory, communication and effects on organization and way to work. The predictor variables explained 65 % of the variance. The factors competence, autonomy and communication contributed. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan self-determination theory och dess tre grundläggande behov av kompetens, autonomi och samhörighet, och förändringsengagemang vid en organisationsförändring. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka om kvaliteten på kommunikationen samt upplevd inverkan på organisationen och påverkan på det egna arbetet bidrog till prediktionsförmågan. Med tanke på att organisationsförändringar idag är en mycket vanlig företeelse finns det ett intresse i att underlätta och förbättra förändringsprocessen. Undersökningen genomfördes i form av en enkätstudie på 39 tjänstemän på en avdelning som hade genomgått en organisationsförändring. Enkäten bestod av skalorna Commitment to change scale och Basic need satisfaction at work scale. Resultatet visade att det är möjligt att predicera förändringsengagemang utifrån self-determination theory tillsammans med kommunikation, påverkan på organisationen och inverkan på arbetssättet och prediktorvariablerna förklarade 65 % av variansen. Faktorerna kompetens, autonomi och kommunikation var de faktorer som bidrog.

The aim of this research revolved around the following issues: *What is the nature of motivation and morale? *What external factors play a role in determining motivation and morale? *How do certain factors influence Afrikaans-speaking educators to cause a negative attitude towards their profession as well as creating a low morale? In order to attain the above aim, a literature and empirical study was undertaken. The literature study was done by using primary and secondary sources. In the first instance it was necessary to investigate the meaning of the concepts motivation, work motivation, work satisfaction, morale, organisation climate, work performance, work productivity, stress, and change. It was found that these concepts are interdependent, creating a complete picture. After the nature and factors of motivation and morale had been identified and discussed, a questionnaire was compiled. Schools in the North West and Northern Cape provinces were involved to complete the questionnaire. The information thus assembled was statistically analysed by means of the SAS computer programme and interpreted. From the data, findings were reported and recommendations made. The empirical investigation indicated that Afrikaans-speaking educators are currently motivated to a certain degree, although there are factors that cause these educators to be unmotivated towards their work. These factors are among others the unrealistic demands made by Curriculum 2005, work overloading and undisciplined learners. Based on the empirical investigation, recommendations were made in conclusion. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate what kind of factors contributed to motivate a group of nurses at a nursing home in western Sweden to to perform their work. Furthermore, the authors wanted to investigate whether the staff nurses felt that the leader helped to increase or reduce the perceived motivation to perform such work, and the way in which staff nurses perceived their relationship to the leader. The study is based on Herzberg's (1959) two-factor theory, Hackman and Oldham's (1980) work designs theory and Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, and those theories are the basis of the study's structure. The study was of a qualitative property, interviews were conducted with seven nurses and was structured, the questions concerned their subjective experience of motivating factors in their everyday work. The results of this study demonstrated that respondents experienced confirmation, the meaningfulness of the work, work colleagues, beneficiaries of care and residents' families as contributing factors to motivate them in their daily work. It was also found in the results of the study that respondents considered the leader as a factor reducing the motivation to carry out their daily work, as the respondents also felt the relationship with the leader to be very limited. The analysis also identified a new category that the authors have chosen to call "resistance".

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. School of Human Sciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.