[pt] Esta dissertação visa mapear e analisar as singularidades do Sarau do Escritório e suas ações performáticas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da observação de como intervenções artísticas-políticas-culturais, sobretudo os saraus poéticos difundidos largamente após as Jornadas de Junho de 2013, contribuem para outras leituras sobre cidade e apresentam novos modos de produção artística no tempo presente, ladeado a escassez de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o referido objeto, verificou-se a urgência deste trabalho. Para tanto, elencou-se como estudo de caso um sarau que ocorre no bairro da Lapa, região central do Rio de Janeiro, juntamente com documentos e leituras que atravessam o corpus presente na cena contemporânea dos saraus. Com esta pesquisa, espera-se construir um instrumento de percepção e reflexão crítica sobre a importância de uma cena poética que vem rompendo limites geográficos e estéticos em diversos territórios do Brasil. / [en] This dissertation aims to map and analyze the singularities of Sarau do Escritório and its performative actions in the city of Rio de Janeiro. From the observation of how artistic-political-cultural interventions, especially the poetic soirees widely disseminated after the June 2013 Journeys, contribute to other readings about the city and present new modes of artistic production in the present time, flanked by the scarcity of academic research on the aforementioned object, the urgency of this work was verified. In order to do so, a soiree that takes place in the neighborhood of Lapa, central region of Rio de Janeiro, was listed as a case study, along with documents and readings that cross the corpus present in the contemporary scene of soirees. With this research, it is expected to build an instrument of perception and critical reflection on the importance of a poetic scene that has been breaking geographic and aesthetic limits in several territories of Brazil.

[pt] Em 1917, músicos da Banda do Corpo de Bombeiros do Rio de Janeiro apresentaram o hino Soldado do Fogo. Os versos celebravam a sagrada missão destes voluntários que não temem da morte na sua batalha contra incêndios horrorosos e dantescos. A letra do hino condensava uma narrativa que, desde meados do século XIX, havia sido forjada institucionalmente, na intenção de consolidar o caráter heroico de integrantes comprometidos com a tarefa de proteger a vida e a propriedade, ainda que para isso tenham que perder a própria vida, com o cumprimento do seu dever. Essa versão idealizada do lugar social do bombeiro, elaborada e reelaborada pela Corporação, será questionada nesta tese em três argumentos principais. Primeiramente, através da análise das formas de recrutamento e do perfil dos agentes nos níveis mais baixos da hierarquia institucional, revelando dinâmicas relacionadas aos mundos de trabalho e aos conflitos laborais na virada do século XIX para o XX, que contrastam com a imagem de um voluntário empenhado no ofício de se sacrificar pela missão. Em segundo lugar, aponta para o Corpo de Bombeiros como uma instituição menos coesa do que aquela imaginada por seus comandantes, em grande medida fraturada por hierarquias e distinções que separavam, por exemplo, uma maioria de trabalhadores pobres dos militares de alta patente do Exército brasileiro. Por fim, a tese revela os limites de atuação dos bombeiros na execução das suas atribuições: seja pelas precárias condições de trabalho, seja pela carência de equipamentos à sua disposição. Enfim, esta pesquisa traz à tona um universo de trabalhadores lutando contra muito mais do que incêndios: por salários, condições de trabalho e possibilidades de ascensão social. / [en] In 1917, the Rio de Janeiro Fire Department official band performed the new hymn praising the Corporation: Fire Soldiers. The lyrics celebrated the sacred mission of those volunteer workers who did not fear death when in battles against the most awful and horrid fires. The verses condensed a narrative that had been institutionally forged since the mid-nineteenth century, aiming at consolidating the heroic character of its corps engaged with the task of protecting life and property as a duty to be fulfilled even if losing their lives while doing it. That ideal version of the firefighter s social place, elaborated and re-elaborated by the Corporation, will be questioned in this thesis in three main arguments. First of all, based on the analysis of the forms of recruitment and on the profile of the agents within the lower hierarchical levels, the study will reveal the dynamics related to different work spheres as well as occupational tensions by the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, which do not fit the image of a volunteer brigade ready to sacrifice life for the cause. Also, the research presents a Fire Department as less cogent than that ideal imagined by its commanders, greatly caused by distinctions and hierarchies that separated a great majority of poor workers from the high ranking officials in the Brazilian Army. Finally, the thesis reveals the limitations on firefighting attributions, due to very precarious working conditions or to lack of adequate equipment. The research also brings to the main stage a whole new universe of workers fighting not only a great number of fires but also for salaries, work conditions, and the possibility of social climbing.

[pt] Este trabalho busca historicizar o surgimento das favelas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro tendo como enfoque analisar o modo como a imprensa se referia às favelas de modo estigmatizado, preconceituoso e em alusão ao sertão. Essa dissertação busca refletir porque era possível que a imprensa associasse os morros ao sertão e o que isso simbolizava. Para isso, analisa como o sertão era representado e pensado pela intelectualidade da virada do século XIX para o XX, usando como exemplo a produção literária de Afonso Arinos e Coelho Neto. / [en] This work aims to historicize the emergence of the favelas in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on an analysis of how the press refered to favelas in stigmatized and prejudiced way, alluding to the hinterland (sertão). This dissertation investigates why it was possible for the press to associate the favelas to images of the hinterland and what it symbolized. In order to do so, it analyses how the hinterland was represented by intellectuals at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, using as examples the literary works of Afonso Arinos e Coelho Neto.

[pt] Essa tese propõe uma reflexão sobre a implementação da área de Gestão do Trabalho da Política de Assistência Social, por meio de estudo de caso em duas metrópoles: Belo Horizonte/MG e Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Iniciamos com a discussão teórica sobre a relação capital/trabalho a partir da perspectiva teórico-crítica marxista, abordando as transformações ocorridas no capitalismo contemporâneo e seus impactos sobre a classe trabalhadora e o atual contexto de precarização das relações de trabalho. Retomamos a história da luta pela construção dos direitos dos trabalhadores no Brasil e o desmonte do seu arcabouço jurídico institucional no contexto neoliberal. A pesquisa teve como referencial metodológico a análise da implementação de políticas públicas. Tomamos como referência de análise os eixos propostos na Norma Operacional Básica de Recursos Humanos - NOB-RH/SUAS e algumas de suas dimensões, para entender como a área de Gestão do Trabalho se desenvolveu nas duas cidades, os fatores e atores que influenciaram suas trajetórias. Foram utilizados dados dos Planos Municipais de Assistência Social, das Conferências Municipais de Assistência Social, dos Planos Municipais de Educação Permanente, do Censo SUAS e documentos de gestão; extensa revisão bibliográfica, bem como a análise de conteúdo das 26 entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com gestores, trabalhadores, Conselheiros Municipais de Assistência Social e representantes das organizações de trabalhadores. Foi feito um histórico sobre a construção da política de Assistência Social no Brasil, ressaltando o papel decisivo dos atores políticos militantes da Política de Assistência Social para sua construção, a existência de coalizões de defesa e de janelas de oportunidade para sua implementação nos governos dos presidentes Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff. Apresentamos um conjunto de normativas nacionais, em especial a Política Nacional de Assistência Social, a Norma Operacional Básica - NOB-SUAS, e com uma análise crítica sobre a Norma Operacional Básica de Recursos Humanos - NOB-RH/SUAS que estabelece as diretrizes para a Gestão do Trabalho no SUAS. Refletimos sobre a questão metropolitana e os desafios da gestão de políticas públicas em metrópoles, apontando dados sobre a Política de Assistência Social e problemas a serem enfrentados. Em seguida, aprofundamos nossa análise sobre a implementação da Gestão do Trabalho nos dois municípios, com base nos documentos pesquisados e na análise das entrevistas. A hipótese que defendemos é que a existência (ou não) de “coalizões de defesa” constituídas por atores políticos organizados e gestores com perfil técnico comprometidos com a defesa da Política Municipal de Assistência Social são um fator decisivo para o maior ou menor grau de implementação das diretrizes para a Gestão do Trabalho. Ao final da pesquisa foi possível confirmar essa hipótese e verificar que as duas metrópoles trilharam caminhos diferentes em relação à Gestão do Trabalho. Identificamos que Belo Horizonte conta com atores políticos diversificados (gestores e trabalhadores organizados em Fóruns, Comissões regionais e Sindicato), gestores municipais e secretários com perfil técnico e comprometidos com a defesa da política de Assistência Social, e uma cultura política democrática consolidada nas gestões municipais desde a década de 90. A Secretaria tem feito grandes avanços na estruturação da Política de Assistência Social Municipal, e a partir de 2017 vivencia uma janela de oportunidades para o aprimoramento da Gestão do Trabalho, com avanços em todas as dimensões analisadas, com destaque para a realização de concursos públicos para a Assistência Social (psicólogos e assistentes sociais) na contramão das tendências atuais de precarização das relações de trabalho, a constituição do Núcleo de Educação Permanente e da Mesa de Gestão do Trabalho. No município do Rio de Janeiro, ao contrário, a política de Assistência Social Municipal vem sofrendo perdas que acarretam na sua desvalorização e enfraquecimento enquanto política pública, e afastamento das diretrizes propostas pela política nacional e pela NOB-RH. A cidade do Rio de Janeiro não conta com organizações de trabalhadores fortalecidas, capazes de pressionar a gestão municipal; não conta com gestores com perfil técnico, com militantes em defesa da política de Assistência Social e não construiu uma cultura política democrática, apresentando um perfil conservador e autoritário ao longo dos anos. Observamos que a partir de 2017 em especial, vivencia um período de grandes retrocessos, com retorno a concepções assistencialistas na contramão do que propõe o SUAS, perda progressiva de orçamento e visibilidade nos planos municipais, redução da força de trabalho concursada e contratada e precariedade das condições de trabalho. / [en] This thesis proposes a reflection on the implementation of the Work Management area of the Social Assistance Policy, through a case study in two metropolises: Belo Horizonte / MG and Rio de Janeiro / RJ. The theoretical discussion was started on the capital / work relationship from the Marxist theoretical-critical perspective, addressing the transformations that have taken place in contemporary capitalism and its impacts on the working class and the current context of precarious work relationships. The history of struggle for the construction of workers rights in Brazil and the dismantling of its institutional legal framework in the neoliberal context are returned in the discussion. The research had as methodological reference the analysis of the implementation of public policies. The analysis reference considers the axes proposed in the Basic Operational Norm of Human Resources - NOB-RH / SUAS and some of its dimensions to understand how the area of Work Management developed in both cities, the factors and actors that influenced their trajectories. Data from Municipal Social Assistance Plans, Municipal Social Assistance Conferences, Municipal Permanent Education Plans, SUAS Census and management documents were used; extensive bibliographic review, as well as content analysis of the 26 in-depth interviews conducted with managers, workers, Municipal Social Assistance Councilors and representatives of workers organizations. A history was made on the construction of the Social Assistance Policy in Brazil, highlighting the decisive role of the political actors militants of the Social Assistance Policy for its construction, the existence of defense coalitions and windows of opportunity for its implementation in the governments of presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. A set of national regulations were presented, in particular the National Social Assistance Policy, the Basic Operating Standard - NOB-SUAS, and with a critical analysis of the Basic Operating Standard for Human Resources - NOB-RH / SUAS that establishes the guidelines for the Work Management at SUAS. A reflection was conducted on the metropolitan issue and the challenges of public policy management in metropolises, pointing out data on the Social Assistance Policy and problems to be faced. Then, the implementation of Labor Management in the two municipalities was deeply analised, based on the researched documents and the analysis of the interviews. The hypothesis defended is that the existence (or not) of defense coalitions, made up of organized political actors and managers with technical profiles, committed to the defense of the Municipal Social Assistance Policy are a decisive factor for the greater or lower degree of guidelines implementation for Labor Management. At the end of the research, it was possible to confirm this hypothesis and verify that the two metropolises followed different paths in relation to Labor Management. It was identified that Belo Horizonte has diverse political actors (managers and workers organized in Forums, Regional Commissions and Union), municipal managers and secretaries with a technical profile and committed to the defense of the Social Assistance policy, in addition to a democratic political culture consolidated in the municipal administrations since the 90 s. The Secretariat has made great strides in structuring the Municipal Social Assistance Policy, experiencing from 2017 a window of opportunities for the improvement of Work Management, with advances in all dimensions analyzed, especially for public tenders for Social Assistance, going against the current trends of employment relationships precarization, constitution of the Permanent Education Nucleus and the Labor Management Bureau. In the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, on the contrary, the Municipal Social Assistance policy has been suffering losses that result in its devaluation and weakening as a public policy, besides departure from the guidelines by national policy and by NOB-RH. The city of Rio de Janeiro does not have associations of empowered workers, capable of putting pressure on municipal management; it does not have managers with a technical profile or militants in defense of the Social Assistance policy and it has not built a democratic political culture, showing a conservative and authoritarian profile over the years. It was observed that, particulary from 2017, the city is going through a period of great setbacks, with a return to assistentialist conceptions, against SUAS proposals, progressive loss of budget and visibility in municipal plans, reduction of the permanent and the contracted workforce, in adittion to precariousness work conditions.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados obtidos no processo de remediação de uma área contaminada por cromo hexavalente por meio da técnica de remediação química in situ (ISCR). A área de estudo localiza-se na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e foi ocupada por uma fábrica de vidros por cerca de quarenta anos e comprada para construção de condomínios residenciais. A área de estudo passou um processo de gerenciamento ambiental que contemplou diversos estudos ambientais para aquisição de dados e delimitar a contaminação, horizontal e verticalmente. O teste de bancada realizado com o reagente químico polissulfeto de cálcio demonstrou ser eficiente para reduzir as concentrações de cromo hexavalente em solo e água subterrânea. Com base nos dados adquiridos neste teste foi possível calcular a dose de injeção do polissulfeto de cálcio. Foram realizados setenta pontos de sondagem, pela técnica direct push, para injetar duzentos e cinquenta e dois mil e trinta litros de solução de polissulfeto de cálcio e água, sendo aproximadamente três mil e quinhentos litros por ponto de injeção. Os resultados após a injeção demonstraram que o polissulfeto de cálcio conseguiu remover o cromo hexavalente que estava adsorvido ao solo e reduziu a concentração de cromo hexavalente na água subterrânea entre quarenta e seis e sessenta e sete e noventa e nove e noventa e cinco por cento , após dezenove meses da injeção. Dessa forma, comprovou a eficiência deste reagente químico para remediação de áreas contaminadas por cromo hexavalente, assim como foi observado nos artigos técnicos de estudos de casos nos Estados Unidos e Europa. / [en] This dissertation presents the results obtained in the remediation process remediation of a contaminated area by hexavalent chromium applying the technology in situ chemical remediation (ISCR). The study area is located in the Rio de Janeiro city and was occupied by a glass factory for forty years and purchased for construction of residential condominiums. This dissertation presents the results obtained in the remediation process remediation of a contaminated area by hexavalent chromium applying the technology in situ chemical remediation (ISCR). The study area is located in the Rio de Janeiro city and was occupied by a glass factory for forty years and purchased for construction of residential condominiums. Chromium is an important metal for the industry and is used in various products and processes, such as electroplating, leather treatment, pulp, wood preservation, and refractory manufacturing. The trivalent chromium is essential from a nutritional point of view, non-toxic and poorly absorbed in the body, acting in the maintenance of some functions. Cr(III) is the most common being found and occurs naturally, since the element Cr(VI) can occur naturally, but in low concentrations, if the groundwater has geochemical conditions the Cr (III) can be oxidize to Cr (VI). The hexavalent chromium is the most dangerous valence state and, according to ATSDR (two thousand and twelve), have greater mobility in the groundwater, being carcinogenic by inhalation of high doses of soluble chromate salts. The mobility of hexavalent chromium is high in soil and groundwater because it is not adsorbed by the soil in that valence state, on the other hand when it is in trivalent form is strongly adsorbed by the soil, forming insoluble precipitates, having low mobility in soil and groundwater. The hexavalent chromium remediation by in situ chemical reduction using calcium polysulfide has been the subject of several field studies documented in the literature, both for soil and groundwater from the Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) (Storch, et al., two thousand and two; Graham, et al., two thousand and six ; Charboneau, et al., two thousand and six ; Wazne, et al., two thousand seven a; Wazne, et al., two thousand seven b; Chrysochoou, et al., two thousand and ten ; Chrysochoou & Ting, two thousand and eleven ; Pakzadeh & Batista, two thousand and eleven ; Chrysochoou, et al., two thousand and twelve ). Calcium polysulfide is a fertilizer to soil and commercially available and has been used in some remediation studies cases for reducing hexavalent chromium in soil and groundwater. Being commercially available and used as fertilizer, it is a relatively cheap chemical reagent in comparison with other chemical compounds exclusively developed for this purpose. The stoichiometric demand and the chemical kinetics of the reduction of Cr (VI) by the calcium polysulfide in aqueous solution was studied by Graham et al. (two thousand and six) from the chromite ore processing residue (COPR). With this study it was reported that a molar ratio of a point sixty-six is required (close to the theoretical value of one point five) and a first-order kinetics with an initial concentration of twenty-six eight point mg/L and pH of the CPS solution around eleven point five, with the presence of oxygen. Thus, the hexavalent chromium is reduced to chromium hydroxide, slightly water soluble compound which is precipitated to the soil. The trivalent chromium has low solubility, toxicity, mobility, reactivity and is considered stable. There are various application techniques of chemical reagents in the underground environment, and choosing the most appropriate method for each area depends on the type of contaminant, geological environment, groundwater and surface interference, depth, thickness and size of the contaminated area. As described by Suthersan (mil novecentos ninety-six), the injection of chemical reagents has to achieve two objectives: (one) creating and maintaining an ideal redox environment and other parameters such as pH, presence or absence of dissolved oxygen, etc.; and (two) the delivery and distribution of the necessary reagents for a homogeneous way throughout the injection area, both horizontally and vertically. Thus, it is essential that the conceptual model of the study area is very detailed, so there is no doubt in the choice of chemical reagent application methodology. Although there are numerous laboratory studies on hexavalent chromium remediation using calcium polysulfide, there are few reports in the literature on the field application, especially case studies in Brazil, therefore, this case study becomes a demonstration applying calcium polysulfide as a remediation technique for hexavalent chrome, with geochemical data, which are important for monitoring chemical reduction. This case study shows the effectiveness, dosage and concentration of the study area, and may apply to other hexavalent chromium remediation projects. Materials and Methods A former glass factory (the Site ) operated in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil from the mid-thousand nine hundred and fifty s to two thousand and five. A portion of the facility was used to store raw material to produce glass, including arsenic oxide, and another portion of the Site was used to conduct industrial plating using hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the glass molds. In two thousand and nine, the Site was purchased for mixed use redevelopment, demanding an environmental assessment and subsequent remediation. Between two thousand and nine and two thousand and twelve several phases of site investigation was conducted. The results of the investigation indicated that Cr(VI) was present in soil at concentrations up to approximately twenty one mg/kg and in groundwater at concentrations up to approximately thirty mg/L. These concentrations exceeded regulatory criteria of three hundred mg/Kg for soil and zero point zero five mg/L for groundwater. A phased remedial approach was developed consisting of the following: (a) excavation and off-site disposal of two and four hundred ton of Cr(VI) impacted soil from the source area, performed in the unsaturated and saturated zone soils in the Cr(VI) source area; (b) post-excavation monitoring of the groundwater conditions; and (c) groundwater treatment following the excavation program. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in groundwater decreased significantly following the excavation, however, additional reduction of concentrations of Cr(VI) contaminant in groundwater was required. Then was designed and implemented a set of bench-scale treatability tests in order to evaluate groundwater remediation alternatives. Several proprietary and non-proprietary reductants for co-treatment of Cr(VI) were evaluated. Calcium polysulfide were selected to treat Cr(VI). To reduce residual Cr(VI) concentrations in the groundwater plume located downgradient of the former excavated source area, dois e seven hundred cubic meters were targeted for active treatment. The groundwater remediation approach consisted of the injection of thirty liters of CPS (twenty nine percent) diluted in two hundred and twenty liters of water, yielding a total of two hundred and fifty liters of solution injected using direct push technology into seventy two locations. Groundwater Monitoring As part of chemical reagent injection stage was performed the baseline monitoring with collection of soil and groundwater samples. The soil sampling was performed by direct push technique using PVC liner with two inches in diameter, to analyze the total and hexavalent chromium concentrations. Six months after the injection were installed sixteen monitoring wells, eight shallow wells (five meters) and eight deep wells (nine meters) spread upstream, side, middle and downstream of the injection area. Groundwater geochemical parameters (i.e., temperature, total solids dissolved, specific conductance, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature) were measured at the time groundwater samples were collected. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for total and dissolved chromium, hexavalent chromium, iron, arsenic, manganese, calcium, sulfate, and sulfide. Samples were field-filtered with disposable zero point forty-five μm polyethylene filter capsules prior to collecting samples for dissolved metals. Results and Discussion Dose calculations for the reduction of hexavalent chromium have been performed with the data obtained in the bench-scale treatability test and resulted in a stoichiometric demand of four mlCPS/kg soil to the treatment of the study area. Therefore thirty liters of solution was used containing twenty-nine percent calcium polysulfide and approximately two hundred and twenty two liters to perform their mixture, totaling two hundred and fifty-two thousand and thirty liters of solution. For solution injection were performed seventy two soil borings with eight point five meters deep, and the product was injected range between two point five and eightpoint five meters. The depth of injection was from two point five mbgl covered any change in water level due to seasonal variation. In each soil boring was injected chemical reagent solution comprised four hundred and seventeen liters of calcium polysulfide diluted in tree and eighty-three liters of water for a total volume of tree and a half liters of solution injected per point. The comparative analysis results of the third monitoring campaign ( eighteen months post-injection) with the baseline campaign (september/two thousand and twelve) indicated reduction of hexavalent chromium concentrations between forty-six point sixty-seven and ninety-nine and ninety-five percent. Regarding the second monitoring campaign (twelve months post-injection), the hexavalent chromium concentrations reduced between twenty-three point ninety-nine and ninety nine point seventy-nine percent in five of the fifteen monitoring wells that were sampled. In three of the fifteen monitoring wells the hexavalent chromium concentrations remained below the quantitation limit used by the analytical laboratory method. There was no increase in hexavalent chromium concentration, compared the results of the third and second monitoring campaign. The evaluation of the Eh and pH values measured in the monitoring campaigns showed that the pH value was in the acidic range (about four ) and after removal of contaminated soil with hexavalent chromium pH raised to between five and six, after the chemical reagent injection pH increased to the basic range (above seven point five). In the second and third campaign the pH reduced to acid range (below six point five), which can be regarded as the pH value of the area background. The Eh has inversely proportional behavior, increasing between the first and third campaign, and in the third campaign the measured values are in the ranges considered as moderately reducing (hundred to four hundred mV) and oxidizer (> four hundred mV). The pH variation also showed a relationship between increased concentrations of calcium, iron, manganese and sulfate (in some monitoring wells). There were also reductions in hexavalent chromium concentrations in monitoring wells. Conclusion This case study indicates that the use of different remediation techniques when applied together (excavation and chemical reduction), reducing the time required for remediation of a contaminated site without impacting the final cost of remediation. The chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium using calcium polysulfide was effective to reduce the concentration to less than the quantification limit of the analytical method used. Therefore, as presented it is necessary to carry out several studies to detail the hexavalent chromium concentration in the site, as well as understand the geochemistry of groundwater and performing bench-scale tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the chemical reagent in the site study hydrogeological environment and calculate the required dose. The treatability test with calcium polysulfide demonstrated the feasibility of using this chemical reagent by In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR) to reduce the hexavalent chrome concentration in soil and groundwater. The test resulted in a stoichiometric demand of four mlCPS /kg soil to the treatment of the study area. Soil samples collected six months after injection showed that the calcium polysulfide could desorb hexavalent chromium from the soil, since, contaminant concentrations were not detected in the samples. neteen months after the injection of the chemical reagent the groundwater concentrations of hexavalent chromium reduced from forty-six point sixty-seven to ninety-nine and ninety-five percent in relation to baseline campaign. And, of the fifteen monitoring wells in just three wells hexavalent chromium concentrations were detected. This demonstrates the effectiveness of using calcium polysulfide to remediate hexavalent chromium in soil and groundwater, confirming the studies by Storch et al. (two thousand and two), Graham et al (two thousand and six), Charboneau et al. ( two thousand and six), Wazne et al. (two thousand and seven a), Wazne et al. (two thousand and seven b), Chrysochoou et al. (two thousand and ten), Chrysochoou & Ting (two thousand and eleven), Pakzadeh & Batista (two thousand and eleven), Chrysochoou et al (2012) in several areas in United States and Europe.

[pt] A Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o Estado do Rio de Janeiro assinaram, no ano de 2009, um termo com o Comitê Olímpico Internacional, COI, a fim de implementar diversas alterações urbanas para que a cidade fosse nomeada sede dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. A mobilidade urbana teve uma atenção especial e foi escolhida a solução do sistema de transporte coletivo BRT para conectar grande parte da cidade nas zonas oeste, norte e leste, interligando, por outros sistemas de transportes, às zonas sul e centro. Sua implementação demandou grandes obras de infraestrutura urbana e os bairros mais impactados sofreram com demolições de prédios residenciais e comerciais, alterações e/ou retiradas de canteiros paisagísticos, desvios de ruas, travessias de pedestres distanciadas, construção de estações no meio das principais ruas e avenidas, entre outras alterações. Esta pesquisa observou as intervenções ocorridas para a implantação do BRT e analisou a paisagem urbana modificada, como foco de estudo, a consequência da intervenção do espaço pelas infraestruturas. O objetivo principal foi entender o impacto produzido pelas mudanças na paisagem urbana após a intervenção do espaço urbano, de modo a compreender como as infraestruturas afetaram a qualidade de vida dos moradores e usuários da região. A pesquisa buscou analisar as mudanças na paisagem urbana, tanto do ponto de vista estético quanto funcional, a fim de identificar os principais desafios enfrentados pela população local. Para isso, os objetivos específicos da pesquisa consistiram em identificar a mudança da paisagem urbana antes e depois da implantação da infraestrutura do BRT, e desdobraram-se em discutir os impactos da infraestrutura de mobilidade na paisagem urbana, bem como compreender os impactos das infraestruturas de mobilidade na paisagem urbana e seus efeitos no espaço urbano. A metodologia foi baseada em um estudo de caso ajustado ao trecho do sistema modal BRT da linha Transcarioca, localizado na Av. Vicente de Carvalho entre as estações de Vicente de Carvalho e Vila Kosmos, no entroncamento dos bairros de Vicente de Carvalho, Vila da Penha e Vila Kosmos, na zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para a análise, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica cimentada nos conceitos de infraestrutura, espaço urbano e paisagem urbana. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações assistemáticas, bem como registros fotográficos da área em estudo. Para avaliar as mudanças ocorridas, foi feita uma análise comparativa de imagens utilizando os aplicativos Google Earth e Street View, com o objetivo de perceber as transformações que ocorreram ao longo do tempo. A pesquisa permitiu afirmar que a falta de um planejamento urbano mais sensível, concomitantemente à inadequada implantação do BRT, causou alterações profundas na paisagem urbana dos bairros afetados e, portanto, na percepção e nas relações dos moradores da região com seu entorno próximo. / [en] The City Hall of the city of Rio de Janeiro and the State of Rio de Janeiro signed in 2009 a term with the International Olympic Committee, IOC, to implement several urban changes for the city to be nominated to host the 2016 Olympic Games. Urban mobility received special attention and the BRT public transportation system was chosen to connect most of the city in the West, North and East zones, interconnecting, through other transportation systems, the South and Center zones. Its implementation required major urban infrastructure works and the most affected neighborhoods suffered from the demolition of residential and commercial buildings, alterations and/or removal of landscaping, detour of streets, distanced pedestrian crossings, construction of stations in the middle of the main streets and avenues, among other changes. This research was based on the interventions that occurred for the implementation of the BRT and analyzed the modified urban landscape, as the focus of study, the consequence of the intervention of space by the infrastructure. The main objective was to understand the impact produced by the changes in the urban landscape after the intervention of urban space, to understand how the infrastructures affected the quality of life of the residents and users of the region. The research sought to analyze the changes in the urban landscape, both from an aesthetic and functional point of view, to identify the main challenges faced by the local population. To this end, the specific objectives of the research consisted in identifying the change in the urban landscape before and after the implementation of the BRT infrastructure and unfolded into discussing the impacts of mobility infrastructure on the urban landscape, as well as understanding the impacts of mobility infrastructure on the urban landscape and its effects on urban space. The methodology was based on a case study adjusted to the stretch of the BRT modal system of the Transcarioca line, located on Vicente de Carvalho Avenue between the stations of Vicente de Carvalho and Vila Kosmos, at the junction of the neighborhoods of Vicente de Carvalho, Vila da Penha and Vila Kosmos, in the northern zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. For the analysis, a bibliographic review was carried out cemented in the concepts of infrastructure, urban space and urban landscape. In addition, semi-structured interviews and systematic observations were carried out, as well as photographic records of the area under study. To evaluate the changes that have occurred, a comparative analysis of images was made using Google Earth and Street View applications, with the objective of perceiving the transformations that have occurred over time. The research allowed us to state that the lack of a more sensitive urban planning, concomitant with the inadequate implementation of the BRT, caused profound changes in the urban landscape of the affected neighborhoods and, therefore, in the perception and relationships of the region s residents with their immediate surroundings.

[pt] A dissertação trata do desenvolvimento do aplicativo para celular chamado Sustenta.me, inserido nos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável 12, Consumo e Produção Responsáveis. O objetivo principal desse aplicativo é mapear produtos e serviços sustentáveis na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, facilitando seu acesso de forma prática e segura, fornecendo uma ferramenta para promover a economia circular no dia-a-dia do público-alvo. A dissertação apresenta também uma pequena retrospectiva do impacto da criação dos aplicativos na sociedade contemporânea e uma revisão dos serviços sustentáveis sob uma perspectiva histórica no Rio de Janeiro, se debruçando então sobre o processo de criação do aplicativo Sustenta.me e um protótipo em tamanho real para testes, avaliação da interface interativa e proposta de promoção do aplicativo. / [en] The dissertation focuses on the development of a mobile applicationcalled Sustenta.me, aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12: ResponsibleConsumption and Production. The primary objective of this application is to mapsustainable products and services in the city of Rio de Janeiro, making theiraccess practical and secure. It serves as a tool to promote circular economy inthe everyday lives of the target audience. The dissertation also provides a briefretrospective on the impact of application creation in contemporary society and ahistorical review of sustainable services in Rio de Janeiro. It then delves into theprocess of creating the Sustenta.me application, including a full-scale prototypefor testing, evaluation of the interactive interface, and a proposal for promotingthe application.

[pt] A insurgência dos museus nas mídias nos últimos anos colocou em debate o papel social e educacional desses locais. Essa dissertação coloca em discussão a relação entre essas instituições e o ensino de História, tendo como preocupação as marcas da colonialidade do poder e do saber, que causam silenciamentos, exclusões e assimetrias. Dentro do projeto de modernidade ocidental, o poder colonial impõe a racionalidade e os valores europeus como os únicos referenciais aceitos para o alcance da civilização e do progresso. Nesse cenário, a pedagogia decolonial aparece como impulsionadora da necessidade de emergir novas formas de pensar, perspectivas outras, de modo a projetar alternativas interculturais. Para analisar essas questões recorre-se ao pouco investigado Museu Histórico da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (MHCRJ), sua constituição, construção do acervo e as exposições mais recentes. Buscou-se explorar as narrativas circulantes do espaço e a possibilidade de construir outras a partir das fotografias das últimas mostras montadas por meio do acervo próprio: Os Múltiplos Olhares de Augusto Malta e Imagens do Rio Oitocentista. As reformas urbanas do Rio de Janeiro, os projetos urbanísticos em disputa e suas implicações sociais foram os temas suscitados para problematizar a imagem projetada da cidade, seu estado atual e a construção do conhecimento histórico. Portanto, esse trabalho aposta na possibilidade de um ensino de História intercultural em diálogo com narrativas de museus de História, de modo a promover encontros com o diferente e a ampliação das visões e leituras de mundo. / [en] The insurgency of museums in the media in recent years has brought into question the social and educational role of these places. This dissertation discusses the relationship between these institutions and the history teaching, having as a concern the marks of the coloniality of power and of knowledge that cause silences, exclusions and asymmetries. Within the project of western modernity, colonial power imposes European rationality and values as the only benchmarks accepted for the achievement of civilization and progress. In this scenario, decolonial pedagogy appears as a booster of the need to emerge new ways of thinking, other perspectives, in order to project intercultural alternatives. To analyze these questions, we use the little investigated Historical Museum of the City of Rio de Janeiro (MHCRJ), its constitution, construction of the collection and the most recent exhibitions. It pursued to explore the circulating narratives of space and the possibility of building others from the photographs of the latest exhibitions assembled through their own collection: The Multiple Views of Augusto Malta and Images of the Eighteenth Century. The urban reforms of Rio de Janeiro, the disputed urban projects and their social implications were the themes raised to problematize the projected image of the city, its current state and the construction of historical knowledge. Therefore, this work bets on a teaching of intercultural history within the history museums, in order to promote encounters with the different and the expansion of world views and readings.

[pt] A presente dissertação trata do tema cidades e favelas no processo de urbanização carioca e tem por objeto de pesquisa a relação entre violência, espaço público e intervenção urbana no processo de produção da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Mais especificamente, busca entender como essa relação dá-se no âmbito das favelas, frequentemente representadas como territórios de ausência de civilidade e de urbanidade. Inserida no campo dos estudos urbanos, notadamente a dissertação oferece uma reflexão crítica sobre projetos de intervenção urbana que se propõem integrar esses espaços populares à cidade. De certa forma, esse suposto esforço de integração parte da premissa de que existe uma separação entre a cidade e a favela. É nesse contexto que uma questão fundamental para a pesquisa apresenta-se: em que medida as intervenções urbanas em favelas, sob o discurso de promover a integração cidade-favela, termina por reiterar a noção de separação? Para explorar essa questão, do ponto de vista metodológico, optou-se por uma pesquisa de base qualitativa, baseada em revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Para aprofundar a investigação tendo como referência um caso exemplar, foi escolhido o complexo de favelas da Maré, que, ao longo das últimas décadas, tem passado por múltiplas intervenções urbanas sob o pretexto de prover sua integração à cidade. A conclusão principal do trabalho é a de que o morador e a moradora da favela têm sua relação com o espaço público de toda a cidade interditada ou afetada significativamente por conta da violência. / [en] This thesis looks at the issue of cities and favelas in the context of the urbanization in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on the relationship between violence, public space and urban intervention in the process of the production of the metropolitan area of the city. In particular, it seeks to understand how this relationship takes place in the favelas, often represented as locations lacking civility and urbanity. This study was developed in the field of urban studies, proposing a critical perspective on intervention projects that aim at integrating the city and popular spaces. In a way, such a conception of integration builds on the assumption that there is a separation between the city and the favela. A question crucial to the research emerges precisely in this context: to what extent do urban interventions in the favelas, based on the assumption that favelas should be integrated into the city, end up reaffirming a notion of separation between those spaces? In terms of methodology, this research takes up a qualitative research, including methods of content analysis based on a literature review and document analyses. As a case-study, it seeks to develop an in-depth investigation of the Maré complex of favela, which over the last decades has been undergoing multiple urban interventions under the justification of being integrated into the city of Rio de Janeiro. The main conclusion of the work is that the residents of the favela have their relationship with the public space of the entire city banned or significantly affected due to the violence.

[pt] Esta dissertação investiga o processo de desenvolvimento de um serviço de vigilância noturna no Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1885 e 1912. Durante tal época, marcada pela transição do Império para a República, a vida noturna da cidade sofreu mutações atreladas a sua expansão e maior ocupação do espaço urbano. O serviço policial de patrulhamento das guardas noturnas, pago por vizinhos e comerciantes, que com diferentes nomes se espalhou pelo mundo atlântico desde meados do século XVIII, foi estudado como parte integrante no desenvolvimento de polícias modernas em países na América do Sul e na Europa. Dialogando com a historiografia que as estuda, esta dissertação procura entender o lugar da guarda noturna carioca nesse processo ocorrido no Rio, a partir de fontes policiais, literárias e jornalísticas. Longe de ser analisada como conflitante ao processo de edificação do monopólio estatal da força pública, atenta-se para a compreensão da guarda noturna como parte constitutiva desse fenômeno no período republicano, das suas ambiguidades e disputas na construção cotidiana de autoridade. / [en] This dissertation explores the development process of night surveillance service in Rio de Janeiro between 1885 and 1912. During that time, marked by the transition from the Empire to the Republic, the nightlife of the city suffered from mutations due to its expansion and the increasing occupation of the urban space. The patrolling police service of the night watches, paid by neighbors and merchants, which spread throughout the Atlantic world with different names since the XVIII century, was studied as an integral part in the development of modern police forces in South American and European countries. In dialog with the historiography that studies them, this dissertation aims to understand the place of the carioca night watch in the process that took place in Rio, from the analysis of police archives, press and literature. Far from being analyzed as conflicting to the process of building the state monopoly of public security forces, this analysis is intended to comprehend the night watch as a constituent part of this phenomenon in the republican period, of its ambiguities and disputes around the daily construction of authority.