Bakgrunden till studien är att vikten på den enskilda soldaten ökar allt mer vilket reducerar rörligheten. Om soldaten bär för tungt ökar risken för att verkan inte kan avges på rätt plats i rätt tid på grund av minskad rörlighet. Terrängen som amfibiesoldaten verkar i medför att stor del av striden sker till fots vilket torde betyda att rörligheten borde vara prioriterat för soldaten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om rörlighet har varit prioriterat, för en amfibieskyttesoldat när den bedriver strid till fots, gentemot vikten på och plutonens anpassning av verkans- och skyddsutrustning. Metoden som använts är en jämförelse mellan amfibieskyttesoldatens olika utrustningsalternativ med de vikter som fastställts i författarens analysverktyg som utgår från de amerikanska doktrinerna. Även amfibieskytteplutonens anpassning av verkans- och skyddsutrustning ingår i analysverktyget. De tekniker som använts är litteratursökning, deltagande observation från verksamhetsförlagdutbildning på AmfStriS och intervju med en grundutbildad amfibieskyttegruppchef. Slutsatsen från studien är att rörlighet inte har varit prioriterat kopplat till vikten och plutonensarbete med att anpassa verkans- och skyddsutrustning. Det är framförallt skyddsnivån och ammunitionsmängd som påverkar slutsatsen. Det skulle vara svårt för plutonchefen att förklara en soldats skada eller dödsfall med att rörlighet prioriterats framför verkan och skydd. Alltså tränar soldaten som den skall strida, med andra ord skyddsnivå HÖG och all ammunition med. / The background to this study is that the weight of an infantry soldier is increasing, which reduces the mobility. If the soldier is carrying too much equipment there’s a substantial risk that efficient fire can’t be delivered in the right place at the right time. The marine infantry soldier operates in an environment where most of the combat is by foot. This would mean that mobility must be in priority. The aim of this paper is to examine if the mobility has been in priority, for a marine infantry soldier, in comparison with the weight of the equipment and the marine platoons work to adapt the firepower and protection equipment. The method used is a comparison between the different options of equipment for the marine infantry soldier with the weights that the author confirm in his analysis tool which are based on FM 7-8 andFM 7-10. The marine infantry platoons adaption of equipment to improve mobility is also included in the analysis tool. The techniques to collect information are literature review, participant observation and an interview with a basic trained marine infantry squad leader. The conclusion from this study is that mobility hasn’t been in priority coupled to the weight of the equipment and the platoon’s adaptation of equipment to improve mobility. It’s the level of protection and the amount of ammunition that particular affect the answer to the conclusion. There would be difficulties for a platoon commander to explain a soldier’s injury or death with the explanation that mobility was in priority in comparison with protection and firepower. The marine infantry soldiersare training as they fight, which means that they bring all ammunition and choose a HIGH level inprotection.

Geographical location of Lithuania determines its role as a transit country. This fact obliges to assure an efficient movement of the goods through the territory of Lithuania. One of the directions to evolve transport sector can be the development of combined road-rail transport (CT). The purpose of the dissertation – on the basis of analysis of scientific works and best practical experience in the field of CT to determine means that stipulate development of CT, arrange them according to the particularity of Lithuanian transport sector, and create a model for the development of combined carriages through the territory of Lithuania. In order to reach this purpose, following tasks are accomplished: 1.Determined all combined road-rail transport elements and their importance; 2.Investigated current market of CT in the EU and technological measures that assure development of these carriages; 3.Carried out an investigation of capabilities of Lithuanian transport system stressing an interaction of road and rail transport; 4.Created model which involves linkage of infrastructure of different transport modes in to one network and assures an optimal exploitation of infrastructure by flows of different transport modes. 5.Explained technological factors that influence possibilities to develop combined carriages through the territory of Lithuania.

Darbe analizuota bendrosios motorikos (judesio ir padėties) atskirų komponentų, tokių kaip kūno laikysena, koordinacinių funkcijų, kūno judesių įtaka ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, su kalbos neišlavėjimu dėl dizartrijos ir alalijos, tokiems kalbinės motorikos komponentams kaip artikuliacinio aparato būklei, artikuliacinio aparato judesių koordinacijai ir garsų bei žodžių artikuliacijai. Iškelta hipotezė, kad ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikams, turintiems kalbos sutrikimų, tokie bendrosios motorikos (judesio ir padėties) komponentai kaip kūno laikysena, kūno judesių funkcijos ir koordinacija gali įtakoti artikuliacinio aparato būseną, jo judesių koordinuotumą ir kalbinę artikuliaciją. Testavimo metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - nustatyti bendrosios motorikos (judesio ir padėties) ir kalbinės motorikos (artikuliacijos) išlavėjimą ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų su kalbos neišlavėjimu dėl dizartrijos ir alalijos, ir atlikus koreliacinę analizę nustatyti bendrosios motorikos (judesio ir padėties) atskirų komponentų įtaką kalbinės motorikos (artikuliacijos) atskiriems komponentams. Tyrime dalyvavo 100 ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų nuo 4 iki 7 metų, turinčių kalbos neišlavėjimą dėl dizartrijos ir alalijos. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjami koreliaciniai ryšiai tarp kūno laikysenos, koordinacinių ir kūno judesių funkcijų, artikuliacinio aparato būklės, jo judesių koordinacijos, artikuliacijos ir amžiaus. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Įvertinus ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The influence of separate components of general motoric such as carriage of the body, coordinational functions, movements of the body on such components of linguistic motoric as the state of articulatory apparatus, coordination of movements of articulatory apparatus and articulation of sounds and words of pre-school age children with language misdevelopment due to disartry and alalija is analysed in this work. The hypothesis that such components of general motoric as carriage of the body, functions of movements of the body and coordination can influence the state of articulatory apparatus, coordination of its movements and linguistic articulation of children of pre-school age with language disturbances is raised. By the method of testing the research which goal is to establish the development of general motoric and linguistic motoric (articulation) of children of pre-school age with language misdevelopment due to disartry and alalija and after the correlation analysis has been carried out to ascertain the influence of separate components of general motoric on separate components of linguistic motoric. 100 children of pre-school age from 4 to 7 years old having language misdevelopment due to disartry and alalija took part in the research. In the empirical part the correlational connections between the carriage of the body, coordinational functions and functions of the movements of the body, state of articulatory apparatus, coordination of its movements, articulation and... [to full text] / In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluß solcher einzelnen Komponenten der allgemeinen Motorik wie Körperhaltung, Koordinationsfunktionen und Körperbewegungen der Kinder im Vorschulalter mit Sprachstörungen wegen Dysarthrie und Alalie für solche Komponente der Sprechmotorik wie Zustand des Artikulationsapparates, Bewegungskoordination des Artikulationsapparates und die Artikulation von Lauten und Wörtern analysiert . Es wurde die Hypothese herausgehoben, daß für die vorschulaltrige Kinder, die Sprachstörungen haben, solche Komponenten der allgemeinen Motorik wie Körperhaltung, Funktionen der Körperbewegung und Koordination auf den Zustand des Artikulationsapparates, auf die Koordination seiner Bewegungen und auf die Sprechartikulation Einfluß haben können. Es wurde eine Untersuchung gemäß der Testmethoden gemacht, Ziel dieser Untersuchung – die Entwicklung der allgemeinen Motorik und der Sprechmotorik (Artikulation) der vorschulaltrigen Kinder mit Sprachstörungen wegen der Dysarthrie und Alalie festzustellen, und nach der Korrelationsanalyse den Einfluß der einzelnen Komponenten der allgemeinen Motorik für die einzelnen Komponente der Sprechmotorik festzustellen. An der Untersuchung haben 100 vorschulaltrigen Kinder von 4 bis 7 Jahren teilgenommen, die die Sprechstörungen wegen Dysarthrie und Alalie haben. Im empirischen Teil analysiert man Korrelationsverbindungen zwischen der Körperhaltung, den Koordinationsfunktionen und den Funktionen der Körperhaltung, dem Zustand des... [der volle Text, siehe weiter]

Tyrimo objektas. Specialių fizinių pratimų poveikis laikysenai ir „X” kojų deformacijai. Tyrimo subjektas. 5-7metų amžiaus lankantys ikimokyklinę įstaigą ir turintys laikysenos sutrikimų bei kojų „X” deformaciją vaikai. Tyrimo problema. Vaikų su ydinga kūno laikysena ikimokykliniame amžiuje daugėja. Tai aktuali šių dienų problema. Žaidimas kompiuteriu, mažas fizinis aktyvumas turi įtakos raumenų silpnumui, asimetriškumui vystytis, o susilpnėjus raumenims vystosi laikysenos pokyčiai. Ydinga laikysena nagrinėjama daugelyje darbų, o vaikų kojų deformacijai skiriamas menkas dėmesys. Vaikams iki 5 metų pasitaikančios deformacijos yra trumpalaikės, 90 proc. atvejų praeina savaime, o 10 proc. atvejų liga gali progresuoti, deformacijos sunkėti, prognozė blogėti, ypač tai pastebima brendimo laikotarpiu.( Paukštys ir Vasiliauskienė, 2006). Todėl svarbi ankstyva laikysenos diagnostika ir sutrikimų profilaktika. Hipotezė. Vaikams dėl laikysenos sutrikimų ir „X”, kojų deformacijos tikslinga taikyti specialius fizinius pratimus. Tyrimo tikslas: įvertinti ar ugdymas specialiais fiziniais pratimais turi įtakos laikysenos sutrikimų ir „X“ kojų deformacijos korekcijai. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) Tyrimo pradžioje įvertinti 5-7 metų vaikų lankančių Kauno Panemunės (pagrindinė grupė) ir „Žiedelis” (kontrolinė grupė) laikysenos sutrikimus ir „X” kojų deformacijas. 2) Įvertinti pagrindinės grupės vaikų laikysenos sutrikimų ir „X” kojų deformacijos pokyčius po penkių mėnesių. 3) Įvertinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research. The influence of special physical exercise on the carriage and „X” leg deformation. The subject of research. 5-7 year-old preschool children with carriage disorders and „X” leg deformation attending preschool institution. The problem surrounding this investigation. The number of preschool children with carriage disorder are increasing. Nowadays it is an urgent problem. Playing with computer, lack of physical activities result in the weekness of muscles and as development of asymmetry which, in turn, cause changes in the carriage. The carriage disorder has been investigated in many works while the problem of „X” leg deformation is not so widely discussed. Children up to 5 years old have short-term deformations and in 90% cases they disappear without treatment, but in 10% cases the illness may develop, deformation and prognosis become worse, especially in maturation period. ( Paukštys & Vasiliauskienė, 2006). Hypothesis. Special physical exercise should be applied for children with carriage disorders and „X” leg deformation. The aim of research. To evaluate the influence of training children with special physical exercise on the correction of carriage disorders and „X” leg deformation. The tasks of research: 1. To evaluate the carriage disorders and „X” leg deformation 5-7 year-old children in Kaunas Panemunė (main group) and „Žiedelis“ (control group) kindergartens at the beginning of the research. 2. To evaluate the changes in carriage disorders and... [to full text]

Magistro baigiamojo darbo pavadinimas „Tranzitinio krovinių gabenimo antžeminėmis transporto priemonėmis teisiniai aspektai (Lietuvos Respublikos pavyzdžiu)“. Minėta darbą sudaro įvadas, trys pagrindinės dalys ir išvados bei pasiūlymai. Analizuojant tranzitinio kroviniu gabenimo teisinius aspektus autorė remiasi teisės normomis, įtvirtintomis tarptautiniuose, ES ir Lietuvos nacionaliniuose teisės aktuose. / In the introduction of the master thesis named „Legal aspects of goods’ transit carriage by overland means of transport (on the example of Republic of Lithuania)“ author points on main problems, aims of the work and main methods, which were used while writing the thesis, also the hypothesis is being put forward. In the first part author analyses the specificity of goods transportation by overland transport. The features of overland means of transport are being pointed, also author gives the statistic data, which were used while analysing volumes of goods, transported by overland transport. In the second part – attention is being pointed on transit carriage of goods, their features are being discussed. The statistic data help to trace tendencies on change of volumes of transit carriage of goods in Lithuania. In the third part legal documents, which regulate transit carriage of goods by road and railway transport are being discussed. The main part of analysed documents are international conventions, while international conventions unify the rules of behaviour, applied to certain public relations. The final master thesis finishes with conclusions and propositions.

Geographical location of Lithuania determines its role as a transit country. This fact obliges to assure an efficient movement of the goods through the territory of Lithuania. One of the directions to evolve transport sector can be the development of combined road-rail transport (CT). The purpose of the dissertation – on the basis of analysis of scientific works and best practical experience in the field of CT to determine means that stipulate development of CT, arrange them according to the particularity of Lithuanian transport sector, and create a model for the development of combined carriages through the territory of Lithuania. In order to reach this purpose, following tasks are accomplished: 1.Determined all combined road-rail transport elements and their importance; 2.Investigated current market of CT in the EU and technological measures that assure development of these carriages; 3.Carried out an investigation of capabilities of Lithuanian transport system stressing an interaction of road and rail transport; 4.Created model which involves linkage of infrastructure of different transport modes in to one network and assures an optimal exploitation of infrastructure by flows of different transport modes. 5.Explained technological factors that influence possibilities to develop combined carriages through the territory of Lithuania.

S.pneumoniae yra vienas dažniausiai sutinkamų bakterinių patogenų, sukeliančių ligas mažiems vaikams. S.pneumoniae, ypatingai atskirų jo serotipų, paplitimas, jautrumas antibakteriniams preparatams yra skirtingas įvairiose šalyse ir nuolat kinta. Pagrindinis S.pneumoniae infekcijos šaltinis – sveiki ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, nešiojantys pneumokoką nosiaryklėje. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti S.pneumoniae nešiojimo nosiaryklėje dažnumą tarp sveikų ir dažnai sergančių kvėpavimo takų ligomis vaikų Vilniuje, nustatyti vyraujančius S.pneumoniae serotipus ir jų jautrumą antibakteriniams preparatams. Taip pat nustatyti dažno antibakterinių preparatų vartojimo įtaką pneumokokų nešiojimui nosiaryklėje, atskirų serotipų paplitimui, jautrumui antibakteriniams preparatams. Įvertinti gleivinių imuninį atsaką į pneumokokinę infekciją, pagal seilėse esančius imunoglobulinus. Išvados: 1. Nustatytas dažnas - apie 40% S.pneumoniae nešiojimas tirtų vaikų nosiaryklėse, vyrauja invazines ligas sukeliantys S.pneumoniae serotipai. 2. Jautrumas penicilino grupės antibakteriniams preparatams išlieka nekintantis ir sudaro 90% visų tirtų S.pneumoniae padermių. Jautrumas makrolidų grupės antibakteriniams preparatams palaipsniui mažėja, nuo 96% iki 82 %; tai susiję su dažnėjančiu naujos kartos makrolidų vartojimu. 3. Daugkartinis antibakterinių preparatų vartojimas neapsaugo nuo S.pneumoniae nešiojimo nosiaryklėje. 4. Vaikų gleivinių imuninis atsakas skirtingas atskiriems S.pneumoniae serotipams... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, bile soluble diplococcus aerotolerant anaerobe and a member of the genus Streptococcus (phylum Firmicutes). Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) is known in medical microbiology as the pneumococcus. It has a polysaccharide capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 90 different serotypes are known, and these types differ in virulence, prevalence, and extent of drug resistance. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a normal inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract. The serotype distribution among nasopharyngeal carriage isolates varies by country, age-group, origin, type of cohort. Pneumococcal disease will not occur without preceding nasopharyngeal colonization with the homologous strain. In addition, pneumococcal carriage is believed to be an important source of horizontal spread this pathogen within the community. Because the highest frequency of the pneumococcal colonization and the highest crowding index are found in young children, this risk group is thought to be the most important vector for horizontal dissemination of pneumococcal strains within the community. In Europe asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcal infection is 30% -60% and in Asia or Africa it is up to 98%. Carriage rate of different serotypes in the same population changes during the time. S.pneumoniae is a common bacterial agent that causes a wide variety of infections including mucosal... [to full text]

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, bile soluble diplococcus aerotolerant anaerobe and a member of the genus Streptococcus (phylum Firmicutes). Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) is known in medical microbiology as the pneumococcus. It has a polysaccharide capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 90 different serotypes are known, and these types differ in virulence, prevalence, and extent of drug resistance. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a normal inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract. The serotype distribution among nasopharyngeal carriage isolates varies by country, age-group, origin, type of cohort. Pneumococcal disease will not occur without preceding nasopharyngeal colonization with the homologous strain. In addition, pneumococcal carriage is believed to be an important source of horizontal spread this pathogen within the community. Because the highest frequency of the pneumococcal colonization and the highest crowding index are found in young children, this risk group is thought to be the most important vector for horizontal dissemination of pneumococcal strains within the community. In Europe asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcal infection is 30% -60% and in Asia or Africa it is up to 98%. Carriage rate of different serotypes in the same population changes during the time. S.pneumoniae is a common bacterial agent that causes a wide variety of infections including mucosal... [to full text] / S.pneumoniae yra vienas dažniausiai sutinkamų bakterinių patogenų, sukeliančių ligas mažiems vaikams. S.pneumoniae, ypatingai atskirų jo serotipų, paplitimas, jautrumas antibakteriniams preparatams yra skirtingas įvairiose šalyse ir nuolat kinta. Pagrindinis S.pneumoniae infekcijos šaltinis – sveiki ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, nešiojantys pneumokoką nosiaryklėje. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti S.pneumoniae nešiojimo nosiaryklėje dažnumą tarp sveikų ir dažnai sergančių kvėpavimo takų ligomis vaikų Vilniuje, nustatyti vyraujančius S.pneumoniae serotipus ir jų jautrumą antibakteriniams preparatams. Taip pat nustatyti dažno antibakterinių preparatų vartojimo įtaką pneumokokų nešiojimui nosiaryklėje, atskirų serotipų paplitimui, jautrumui antibakteriniams preparatams. Įvertinti gleivinių imuninį atsaką į pneumokokinę infekciją, pagal seilėse esančius imunoglobulinus. Išvados: 1. Nustatytas dažnas - apie 40% S.pneumoniae nešiojimas tirtų vaikų nosiaryklėse, vyrauja invazines ligas sukeliantys S.pneumoniae serotipai. 2. Jautrumas penicilino grupės antibakteriniams preparatams išlieka nekintantis ir sudaro 90% visų tirtų S.pneumoniae padermių. Jautrumas makrolidų grupės antibakteriniams preparatams palaipsniui mažėja, nuo 96% iki 82 %; tai susiję su dažnėjančiu naujos kartos makrolidų vartojimu. 3. Daugkartinis antibakterinių preparatų vartojimas neapsaugo nuo S.pneumoniae nešiojimo nosiaryklėje. 4. Vaikų gleivinių imuninis atsakas skirtingas atskiriems S.pneumoniae serotipams... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Women in Benin commonly participate in physically demanding activities that involve the carriage of heavy loads on the head and back. These strenuous tasks combined with pregnancy can result in back pain that may persist after delivery in some cases. The objective of this study was to examine how the trunk postures of pregnant women in Benin were affected by their occupational activities. This study also examined trunk postures, as well as postures of the head relative to the trunk, in the specific task of carrying loads on the head. Finally, the instrument used in this study to measure trunk postures, the Virtual CorsetTM (VC) (Microstrain, Williston, VT, USA), was validated against a system of potentiometers. Questionnaires completed by 26 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant subjects revealed that 58% of pregnant women suffered from back pain since the start of pregnancy. An average of 328 instances of trunk flexion at angles larger than 60° were recorded during the workdays of 17 pregnant women, while 66 of those flexions events were held for more than four seconds. Furthermore, an average of 36% of the recorded workday was spent in trunk flexion at angles exceeding 20°. Trunk postural data, at C7 and S1, as well as sagittal positions of the head relative to the trunk were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects and between unloaded and loaded walking conditions for the specific task of head load carriage. These comparisons showed that load on the head significantly increased upper trunk extension and lateral bending of the upper trunk towards the left during walking. Motion of the head relative to the trunk and motion of the upper trunk significantly decreased in the loaded condition and was compensated by increased motion at the sacrum level. In the validation study, the VC was moved at different speeds to observe the effects of accelerations on the angle measurements. Root mean square difference between the angles measured by the VC and the potentiometers were all below 5° and 6° for flexion-extension and lateral bending, respectively, with the exception of rapid movements where errors were slightly larger. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-07-07 16:23:53.56

Salmonella is one of the most important enteropathogenic bacteria. It is responsible for about 5000 reported cases of human gastroenteritis each year in Sweden. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease, and the bacterium has the ability to infect a variety of both domestic and wild animal species. In studies of Swedish wild bird populations, we found that Black-headed gull may be the main reservoir for Salmonella in birds, and that Salmonella infection is expressed as carriage with no obvious disease manifestations. Black-headed gull is a migratory bird and can transport strains of Salmonella with virulence traits like antibiotic resistance, from sources outside Sweden. Genetic molecular methods, PFGE and IS200, also demonstrate that Black-headed gull play a role in the transmission chain of Salmonella in Sweden. In a study of the Swedish Peregrine Falcon population, Salmonella amager and Campylobacter jejuni were found. There were indications, based on serotyping of Salmonella and genetical typing by PFGE of Campylobacter that these isolates were transmitsted to the falcons from a human or domestic animal source. This bird of prey has sparse contact with humans but may be infected by Salmonella of human origin by feeding on other birds, like gull. Salmonella was found in penguins, albatrosses and mainly in seals in a study in Antarctica. Several features of the Salmonella serotypes found indicate a human source for Salmonella infection in these animals, and also a spread of Salmonella within and between animal species in Antarctica. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2002</p> / digitalisering@umu