This dissertation examines religion’s satirical portrayal in The Simpsons. Building upon a sociological theory of humour developed from Peter Berger’s sociological theories of knowledge, religion, and humour, it assesses how The Simpsons criticizes America’s major religious traditions and their social roles. Arguing that the program presents a spectrum of acceptable religious practice, this dissertation demonstrates how The Simpsons constructs its arguments by selectively interpreting each tradition through its most recognizable characteristics and the common sentiments through which those characteristics are interpreted. These “ignorant familiarities” are used as a basis for understanding what Americans presumably know about religion, what is deemed acceptable “religious behaviour” in the public sphere, and what the consequences are for those religions that The Simpsons caricatures.

Šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje televizija tapo neatsiejama gyvenimo dalimi, o jos vaidmuo nuolat kinta. Todėl reikia pripažinti televizijos daromą įtaką. Dažnai galima išgirsti kalbant apie tai, kad šiuolaikinė animacija nėra tinkama vaikams žiūrėti. Tačiau vaikai nemažai laiko praleidžia prie televizoriaus ekrano žiūrėdami animacinius filmukus. Ypatingo dėmesio susilaukė amerikiečių animacinis serialas „Simpsonai“. Nors šis filmas yra skirtas suaugusiems, tačiau jį mielai žiūri ir vaikai. Šiuo metu besiformuojančios teorinės paradigmos, nagrinėja kintantį televizijos vaidmenį. Didelis dėmesys yra skiriamas postmodernios televizijos turiniui ir jo ryšiui su žiūrovais. Nagrinėti televiziją postmodernizmo kontekste yra vienas televizijos pokyčių analizės būdų. Šio darbo tikslas – atskleisti šiuolaikinės visuomenės vertybių satyrą seriale „Simpsonai“. Siekiant šio tikslo yra analizuojami pagrindiniai vyraujantys požiūriai į masines informavimo priemones. Parodomi šiuolaikinei televizijai būdingi postmodernizmo bruožai. Taip pat yra apibūdinami pagrindiniai veikėjai, atskleidžiamos vyraujančios etinės moralinės problemos. Animacinis serialas „Simpsonai“ yra apibūdinimas kaip vienas ryškiausių postmodernistinių kūrinių, kuriam yra būdingas sudėtingas turinys, savęs suvokimas, fragmentacija, satyra, aliuzijos, intertekstualumas, parodija, imitacija. Jame gvildenamos įvairios visuomenės aktualijos, keliami opūs klausimai, išjuokiamos šiuolaikinės vertybės. Atliktas tyrimas tarp 12 – 15... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays television has become concurrent in people‘s life and its role is constantly changing, so the influence of television should be taken into consideration. It is heard that modern animation is not proper for children, however they spend quite a lot of time in front of TV watching some cartoons. American animated serial „The Simpsons“ has attained special attention. Despite the fact that the film is for adults children also watch it with pleasure. Theoretical paradigms, that have been currently developing, are analyzing the changing role of television. A great attention is paid to the content of postmodern television and its‘ relations with the audience. Studying television in postmodern context is one of techniques to analize the changes of television. The aim of this paper is to reveal satire of modern society‘s values in „The Simpsons“ serial. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the main dominant opinions about the mass media are analysed. Moreover, typical postmodern features of modern television are presented. In addition to this, the main characters are described and the prevailing ethical moral problems are revealed. Animated serial „The Simpsons“ is described as a prime postmodern work, that is characterized by a complex content, self-perception, fragmentation, satire, allusion, intertextuality, parody and imitation. „The Simpsons“ ventilates different topicality of the society. Moreover, in „The Simpsons“ sore points are raised and modern values... [to full text]

Submitted by Jovina Laurentino Raimundo (jovina.raimundo@unisul.br) on 2018-01-17T16:47:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 107701_Bruno.pdf: 1410758 bytes, checksum: 00afbb150768cf1f630bcaf3760a89f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gheovana Figueiredo (gheovana.figueiredo@unisul.br) on 2018-01-17T17:19:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 107701_Bruno.pdf: 1410758 bytes, checksum: 00afbb150768cf1f630bcaf3760a89f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T17:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 107701_Bruno.pdf: 1410758 bytes, checksum: 00afbb150768cf1f630bcaf3760a89f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O objetivo deste estudo é detectar estereótipos do Brasil e dos brasileiros no episódio “O feitiço de Lisa” (Blame it on Lisa) da série televisiva Os Simpsons, estereótipos estes já outrora detectados e catalogados pelo professor Dr. Tunico Amancio, através de sua vasta pesquisa cinematográfica ao longo dos anos, sendo que em 1998, em sua tese pela USP, versou sobre a representação do Brasil e dos brasileiros nos filmes de ficção estrangeiros, onde verificou a incidência de estereótipos e clichês no decorrer da história. Através da comparação entre o olhar dos produtores do episódio d’Os Simpsons e o olhar de Amancio, busco compreender questões como: De que forma o episódio d’Os Simpsons representa o Brasil? Os estereótipos utilizados pelo cinema estrangeiro para representar o Brasil, já detectados por Tunico Amancio, confirmam-se no episódio? O seriado Os Simpsons reproduz e reforça, ou ironiza e satiriza esses mesmos estereótipos detectados por Amancio? Se sim, qual a intenção/motivação que leva os produtores e roteiristas d’Os Simpsons a satirizar tais estereótipos? Buscando respostas aos questionamentos e embasamento teórico para a pesquisa, no trabalho apresento alguns conceitos básicos de estereótipo, cultura, representações culturais no cinema e na televisão, ironia, sátira, além de formatos e gêneros televisivos. Também abordo temas como dominação cultural, a relação histórica entre colonizador-colonizado, direcionamento e da falta de verossimilhança na representatividade cinematográfica, além de uma descrição detalhada da série e de seus personagens. Através deste trabalho, posso compreender se o episódio analisado utiliza os estereótipos já catalogados por Amancio e, se sim, utiliza-os para realmente tentar representar o Brasil ou para ironizar e debochar dos próprios estereótipos já difundidos ao longo dos séculos pela televisão e pelo cinema

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This thesis examines the historical connecting threads between legacy and contemporary forms of television animation. I argue that Bob’s Burgers has been neglected by animation studies due to its incomparability to the established fulcrum of television animation: The Simpsons (1989-). However, by analyzing Bob's Burgers through a historical lens that reaches beyond The Simpsons, we can begin to see what the field of animation studies has overlooked when it has dismissed animated texts that were not comparable to The Simpsons. This thesis will utilize Bob's Burgers as a primary case study and draws connecting threads between the series and Hanna-Barbera cartoons to make this argument.

162 f. / Submitted by Cynthia Nascimento (cyngabe@ufba.br) on 2013-06-25T13:47:23Z No. of bitstreams: 4 Adelmário Vital Matos - anexos.pdf: 696960 bytes, checksum: c74824399441af8de672272d6c121dfd (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - texto.pdf: 948230 bytes, checksum: 81e65f86d4eddf1ada49b2f6eb54cca7 (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - ficha catalografica.pdf: 9359 bytes, checksum: 9bf3ff3c134179d50ec005675667186f (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - pre-textuais.pdf: 43977 bytes, checksum: cf6ba11a15bd5afa21574b8fd8bb11fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-27T20:55:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 Adelmário Vital Matos - anexos.pdf: 696960 bytes, checksum: c74824399441af8de672272d6c121dfd (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - texto.pdf: 948230 bytes, checksum: 81e65f86d4eddf1ada49b2f6eb54cca7 (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - ficha catalografica.pdf: 9359 bytes, checksum: 9bf3ff3c134179d50ec005675667186f (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - pre-textuais.pdf: 43977 bytes, checksum: cf6ba11a15bd5afa21574b8fd8bb11fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-27T20:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Adelmário Vital Matos - anexos.pdf: 696960 bytes, checksum: c74824399441af8de672272d6c121dfd (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - texto.pdf: 948230 bytes, checksum: 81e65f86d4eddf1ada49b2f6eb54cca7 (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - ficha catalografica.pdf: 9359 bytes, checksum: 9bf3ff3c134179d50ec005675667186f (MD5) Adelmário Vital Matos - pre-textuais.pdf: 43977 bytes, checksum: cf6ba11a15bd5afa21574b8fd8bb11fc (MD5) / Este trabalho mostra que o ensino e a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira precisam incluir temas de relevância social para a vida do aprendiz a fim de torná-lo um cidadão crítico, apto a viver em sociedade e capaz de desenvolver valores éticos que o ajudem a promover a auto-estima e a autoconfiança. A pesquisa buscou observar os resultados da aplicação de atividades construídas a partir do desenho animado Os Simpsons em aulas de língua inglesa, privilegiando a utilização dos meios de comunicação de massa para levar o aluno a aprimorar os seus conhecimentos na língua-alvo. Para o estudo, aliou-se à teoria sociointeracionista de Vygotsky os pressupostos filosóficos de Paulo Freire. Defendeu-se a mediação da aprendizagem através de recursos que venham ao encontro dos interesses do aluno, bem como a interação que ocorre dentro e fora de sala de aula ao se abordar assuntos relacionados à realidade ou ao cotidiano do aprendiz. A metodologia escolhida foi de caráter qualitativo, consistindo em um estudo de caso, que se utilizou de instrumentos de pesquisa como: questionários, diários de aprendizagem e entrevistas. Com base nos pressupostos teóricos e na análise dos dados coletados, demonstrou-se que o uso do desenho animado como elemento gerador de debates levou os aprendizes a refletirem sobre sua postura perante a vida e dentro da própria comunidade, fazendo-os reavaliarem valores éticos e sua atuação como cidadãos. Estudos sobre a utilização de programas pertencentes à cultura de massa em aulas de língua estrangeira se mostram, portanto, promissores e um campo fértil para futuras pesquisas. / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Letras. Salvador-Ba, 2009.

Bedömning av vänster förmaks storlek är viktigt vid diagnosticering samt sjukdomsprognos, men även vid riskbedömning av allvarliga kardiovaskulära sjukdomar. Den vanligaste metoden för bedömning av vänster förmaks storlek är ekokardiografi. Vänster förmak kan bedömas utifrån olika mätmetoder där volymmätning i apikal fyrkammarvyn och tvåkammarvyn är den vanligaste mätningen som ger mest verklighetstroget resultat. Storleken kan även mätas genom mätning av den anteroposteriora diametern i parasternal långaxelsnitt. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om storleken skiljer sig signifikant åt mellan metoderna samt att se om mätningen i långaxelsnittet underskattar storleken jämfört med volymmätningarna. I studien analyserades 30 patienters ekokardiografiska bilder med volymmätning samt mätning av den anteroposteriora diametern. Korrelationsanalysen visade på signifikant positiv korrelation med en determinationskoefficient på 0,667 (P <0,001). Bland-Altmandiagrammet visade att alla värden förutom ett håller sig inom ett 95% konfidensintervall. Vid jämförelse i storleksklassificering metoderna mellan, så påvisades 60% likhet. Mätning av den anteroposteriora diametern är svår för oerfarna att utföra korrekt då det förekommer mycket artefakter och volymmätningen är lättare att lära sig. Volymmätningarna har en större variation än dimensionsmåttet, vilket kan bero på att dimensionsmåttet begränsas av det thorakala rummet. Slutsatsen är att metoderna skiljer sig statistiskt signifikant åt och att dimensionsmåttet underskattar storleken på vänster förmak jämfört med volymmätningar. / Assessment of left atrial size is important in diagnosis and disease prognosis, but also in risk assessment of serious cardiovascular diseases. The most common method for assessing the size of the left atrium is echocardiography. The left atrium can be estimated from different measurement methods where the volume measurement in the apical four-chamber view and the two-chamber view is the most common measurement that gives the most realistic result. The size can also be measured by measuring the anteroposterior diameter in the parasternal long-axis view. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the size differs significantly between the methods and to see if the measurement in the long-axis view underestimates the size compared with the volume measurements. In the study, 30 patients’ echocardiographic images were analyzed with volume measurement as well as measurement of the anteroposterior diameter. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation with a coefficient of determination of 0,667 (P <0,001). The Bland-Altman plot showed that all values in addition to one, remain within a 95% confidence interval. When comparing size classification between the methods, 60% similarity was shown. The anteroposterior diameter is difficult for the inexperienced to perform correctly as there are many artifacts and the volume measurement is easier to learn. The volume measurement has a greater variation than the anteroposterior diameter, which may be due to the diameter being limited by the thoracic cavity. The conclusion is that the methods are statistically significant different and that the anteroposterior diameter underestimate the size of the left atrium compared with the volume measurements.

Hastigheten för globalt utdöende är betydligt högre nu jämfört med den förmänskliga tiden, och utan åtgärder kommer utdöendet att accelerera. Detta medför ett stort ansvar på beslutsfattare som måste agera i förhållande till detta. Därför är det viktigt att kunna följa upp den biologiska mångfalden för att ta strategiska beslut, något som endast sker i begränsad skala på kommunal nivå i Sverige. Vidare finns det mycket medborgardata kring artrikedom, där frivilliga medborgare rapporterar fynd de gjort i databasen Artportalen. Möjligheten att utnyttja denna typ av data undersöks i denna fallstudie av Tierps kommun, där trenden för den biologiska mångfalden undersöktes. Därefter användes hypotesprövning för att kvantifiera osäkerheten i de resultat som framtogs. Däremot hävdar flera forskare att det finns utmaningar med att använda sådan data, därför ämnade denna studie även att undersöka dessa problem med den använda datan. Därmed togs det fram kompletterande information om plats, tid och arter för att analysera detta. Studien visade en övergripande negativ trend för den biologiska mångfalden i Tierps kommun, vilket validerades av hypotesprövningen. Gällande problemen som undersöktes kunde det konstateras att många fynd var centrerade runt särskilda platser, månader och arter, vilket begränsar möjligheten att dra säkra slutsatser gällande hela den biologiska mångfalden i kommunen. Sammanfattningsvis kunde det konstateras att de resultat som framtogs skulle behöva kompletteras av annan data alternativt av andra tillvägagångssätt. / The rate of global extinction is significantly higher today compared to the prehuman times, and without action, the extinction will accelerate. This means that there is great pressure on decision-makers to take action. It is therefore important to monitor biodiversity to make strategic decisions, something that municipalities in Sweden only do at a limited scale. At the same time, there are loads of citizen science data on species richness, where unsolicited citizens report their findings in the database Artportalen. The opportunity to utilize this type of data is explored in this case study of Tierps kommun, where the trend of biodiversity is examined. Additionally, hypothesis testing was used to quantify the uncertainty in the results. However, several scientists claim that there are challenges using such data, therefore this study also aimed to explore these. To do this, complementary information regarding time, space and species were gathered and analyzed. The results indicated that a general negative trend could be identified in biodiversity for the municipality of Tierp, which was validated with the hypothesis testing. Regarding the problems that were examined, it could be ascertained that most of the discoveries were limited to specific places, months and species, which limits the possibility to draw certain conclusions regarding the entire biodiversity in the municipality. In conclusion, it could be stated that the results that were produced need to be complemented by other data, alternatively by other methods.

Although animated sitcom fiction has always been the focus of researchers analysis, historical studies about animated series aired on TV are still scarce. Moreover, whether researchers have investigated animated sitcoms, it was not with the intention of discussing their relation to the images of Brazil and Brazilians conveyed both on TV and the Internet. Because of that the object of study of this thesis is the discussion of socio-historical-political dimensions in The Simpsons , a profitable animated sitcom and a satirical parody of a working class American lifestyle family, whose episodes have been aired on Brazil and all over the world s TV channels for more than two decades. Therefore, the corpus of this investigation is some of the series episodes, notably Blame it on Lisa during which the fictional family travels to Brazil. With the objective of bringing to light the representations of Brazil in the last decades the research makes use of the internauts speech acts of which emerge their critical discourse construction of the The Simpsons. The Internet, an interesting locus to reveal Brazil and its relation to the American production of series, is also used not only in an attempt to define simpsonized language and discuss the (re)signification of Brazil s imagery as created by the internauts, but also to put to question concepts such as family, childhood, criminality, violence, sexuality in children s programs and the lampooning of Brazilian identity symbols, always treated in an unflattering or negative light, in the search for larger audiences (Top 30 ratings) and for money, categories also selected for the development of this work. Still, anthropophagy, a category largely used in Brazilian literary (con)texts in the beginning of the XX century, supported the analysis of internauts and actual viewers perception of the series as a point of departure for helping engender behavior and attitudes that can help rebuild realities, via massive media, even if inspired by The Simpsons, and mainly based upon criticism revealed by the episode Blame it in Lisa. On the one hand, the text attests the capacity of Brazilians, by means of using communicative technologies, for reacting against the negative satirical portrait of Brazil and Brazilians and on the other, for rescuing this image, even if utilizing that simpsonized language . Research leads to the conclusion that Brazilian internauts and actual viewers do not watch The Simpsons passively but stand up against the unflattering insinuations in relation to Brazilian culture, society, history, folklore, Brazil and the Brazilian people, and try to rescue those images conveyed by the sitcom episodes, especially the ones in Blame it on Lisa . And yet, the text evidences that certain images of Brazil and Brazilians represented in the animated sitcom expresses the troublesome reality of truthfully and because of that they have become one of the thesis concerns and another significant aspect to be considered. Such images are the reason for the investigator s raising relevant questions and his strongly suggesting accurate reflection and discussion on such a matter. / Embora as séries ficcionais animadas tenham sido alvo de análises pelos pesquisadores, estudos históricos sobre os desenhos animados da TV são ainda incipientes. Alem disso, se os pesquisadores investigaram os seriados animados, não foi com a intenção de discutir sua relação com as imagens de Brasil e de brasileiros veiculados na TV e na Internet. Por essas razões, o objeto de estudo desta tese é a discussão sobre as dimensões sócio-histórico-políticas em Os Simpsons , paródia satírica lucrativa sobre uma família de classe média americana cujos episódios povoaram as telinhas do Brasil e de outros países por mais de duas décadas. Portanto, o corpus desta investigação são alguns dos capítulos da série, em especial O Feitiço de Lisa, durante o qual a família ficcional viaja ao Brasil. Com o objetivo de trazer à luz as representações de Brasil das últimas décadas, esta pesquisa utiliza a fala dos internautas da qual emerge a construção de seu discurso crítico sobre Os Simpsons e nosso país. A Internet, lugar para revelar o Brasil e suas relações com a produção americana de séries ficcionais, é também usada, não apenas como tentativa para definir linguagem simpsonizada e discutir a (re)significação da imagem do Brasil como criada pelos internautas, mas também para repensar os conceitos de família, infância, criminalidade, violência, sexualidade em programas infantis e o descaso pelos símbolos identitários do Brasil, sempre tratados de modo negativo e denigritório, na busca por maiores níveis de audiência e dinheiro, estas, categorias também selecionadas para se desenvolver esta investigação. Também, a antropofagia, categoria muito utilizada em (con)textos literários brasileiros no começo do século XX, foi o suporte da análise da percepção dos internautas e telespectadores sobre a referida série, como geradora de atitudes e comportamentos que ajudam a reconstruir realidades, via mídia de massa, mesmo se inspiradas por Os Simpsons, principalmente a partir da crítica revelada no episódio O feitiço de Lisa . O texto, por um lado, atesta a capacidade dos brasileiros, com o uso de tecnologias comunicativas, de reagir contra o retrato satírico-negativo do Brasil e dos brasileiros e, por outro, de promover a retomada dessa imagem, mesmo fazendo uso daquela linguagem simpsonizada . A pesquisa leva à conclusão de que os brasileiros, internautas e telespectadores, nem sempre assistem aos episódios de Os Simpsons passivamente, mas reagem criticamente, posicionando-se contrários às insinuações depreciativas em relação à cultura, sociedade, história, ao folclore, ao próprio povo brasileiro e ao Brasil, e tentam resgatar as imagens do Brasil e dos brasileiros veiculadas na série Os Simpsons, principalmente as exploradas no episódio O Feitiço de Lisa. E, no entanto, o texto evidencia que certas imagens de Brasil e dos brasileiros representadas no desenho animado expressam a problemática realidade do Brasil e, por isso, tornaramse uma preocupação e outro aspecto significante a serem considerados nesta tese. Por essas razões, essas imagens de Brasil se tornam a razão de o investigador levantar questões pertinentes e sugerir veementemente reflexões e discussões sérias sobre esse assunto. / Doutor em História

Introduktion: Vänsterkammarens ejektionsfraktion (VKEF) är ett central mått på systolisk funktion i vänster kammare och är en av de mest betydelsefulla parametrar vid ekokardiografiska undersökningar. Idag är Simpson biplan metoden den mest använda metoden för bestämning av ejektionsfraktionen. Vid ekokardiografiska undersökningar sänder givaren med piezoelektriska kristaller ut ultraljudsvågor med en frekvens över 20 000 Hz. Ljudvågorna som skickas ut i kroppen reflekteras och sedan återvänder de till givaren för att skapa en bild. Denna studie jämför den tvådimensionella (2D) ultraljudsmetoden Simpsons biplan med Philips Heart Model som är en automatiserad tredimensionella (3D) funktion för bedömning av VKEF.  Material och metod: I studien inkluderades 31 hjärtfriska försökspersoner mellan åldrarna 21-64. Det samlades in bilder på apikala 4- och 2 kammarbilder från alla försökspersoner där Simpsons biplan metoden användes för att beräkna ejektionsfraktion. Apikala 4-kammarbilder samlades in för att beräkna ejektionsfraktionen med Philips Heart Model 3D funktion.  Resultat: Resultatet från denna studie visade att det inte föreligger någon signifikant skillnad mellan Simpsons biplan metoden och Philips Heart Model metoden för bestämning av ejektionsfraktion. Båda metoderna visade likvärdiga mätresultat.  Diskussion: Philips Heart Model metoden är en relativ ny funktion som använder sig av artificiell intelligens för att analysera 3D bilder. Philips Heart Model metoden är en säker funktion att använda då de flesta studier bevisar likvärdiga och säkra mätresultat i jämförelse med andra metoder.  Konklusion: Enligt denna studie ger Philips Heart Model funktionen likvärdiga mätresultat av vänsterkammarens ejektionsfraktion i jämförelse med Simpsons biplan. / Introduction: Simpson’s biplane method is the most used method for determining the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in echocardiographic examinations. Ejection fraction is a central measurement of the heart's global systolic function. The probe with piezoelectric crystals emits ultrasound waves with a frequency above 20,000 Hz. The sound waves that are sent out into the body are reflected and then return to the probe to create an image. This study compares the two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound Simpson's biplane method with the Philips Heart Model method, which is an automated three-dimensional (3D) function for assessment of LVEF.                                                                                                                          Material and method: 31 subjects with no recorded heart pathologies between the ages of 21-64 were included in the study. Apical 4- and 2-chamber images were collected from the test subjects, where the Simpson's biplane method was applied to calculate the ejection fraction. 2D apical 4-chamber images were collected to convert to 3D and used to calculate the ejection fraction with the Philips Heart Model.    Results: The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the Simpson’s biplane method and the Philips Heart Model method for determining ejection fraction.    Discussion: The Philips Heart Model method is a relatively new feature that uses artificial intelligence to analyze 3D images. The Philips Heart Model method is a reliable feature to use as most studies have proven similar and reliable measurements when comparing it with other methods for determining LVEF.    Conclusion: According to this study, the Philips Heart Model feature provides equivalent measurements in comparison with the manual method Simpson's biplane.