Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T18:35:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao - Gabriel Alonso Guimaraes - estudos de literatura.pdf: 1845139 bytes, checksum: 2d8a87f00cc249fb19fe3d4528f7b9be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-06T14:59:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao - Gabriel Alonso Guimaraes - estudos de literatura.pdf: 1845139 bytes, checksum: 2d8a87f00cc249fb19fe3d4528f7b9be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T14:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao - Gabriel Alonso Guimaraes - estudos de literatura.pdf: 1845139 bytes, checksum: 2d8a87f00cc249fb19fe3d4528f7b9be (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho procura relacionar três tópicos conceituais – paisagem, tempo e memória – na Viagem à Itália de Goethe. Nossa intenção é, primeiramente, mapear nas descrições paisagísticas a presença do tempo fenomenológico do olhar, do corpo e da viagem, pensando assim a memória em sua forma primária, isto é, como estrutura retentiva. Para isso, recorremos ao pensamento husserliano das Lições de 1905 e da doutrina mereológica nas Investigações lógicas, levado adiante pela Fenomenologia da percepção de M. Merleau-Ponty e pelos trabalhos de Paul Ricoeur, buscando relacioná-lo com a forma testemunhal da experiência de paisagem na Viagem. Nossa análise visa demonstrar os diferentes ritmos da vivência e de sua descrição, e a impossibilidade de separar os elementos do “quadro” visto e os momentos da percepção total. Além disso, queremos investigar, num segundo percurso, o pertencimento de Goethe à tradição da mnemotécnica antiga, na qual a memória é pensada, por um lado, como impressão anímica e, por outro, como espaço interior. Aqui, a paisagem será vista a partir do seu elemento sublime, a força patética pela qual ela se inscreve no texto memorativo. Servem como guia, nessa parte da pesquisa, as fontes clássicas: os diálogos platônicos, dois trabalhos aristotélicos e algumas retóricas latinas, bem como as exposições sobre o sublime, do retor Longino ao contemporâneo e amigo de Goethe, Friedrich Schiller. Tal empreitada, cujo objetivo é pôr em contato a paisagem italiana com um tempo memorativo individual, aparenta ser novidade em meio aos estudos goethianos, tendo em vista que a paisagem é relacionada tradicionalmente, na crítica, ao tempo histórico e à memória cultural / This master thesis tries to relate three concepts – landscape, time and memory – in Goethe’s Italian Journey. Our first goal is to uncover the phenomenological time of sight, body and travel in landscape descriptions, thus conceiving memory in its primary form, namely as retention. In order to do this, we use as basis the 1905 Husserlian Lessons on time and his mereology in the Logical Investigations, both of which were later developed by Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of perception and by Paul Ricoeur’s works on narrative and memory, and we relate them to the testimonial form of landscape experience on the Journey. Our analysis aims at demonstrating the different rhythms of experience and its description and also the impossibility of separating the elements of a landscape "picture" and the moments of its perception. In addition, as second goal, we investigate Goethe's belonging to the ancient tradition of mnemonics, in which memory is conceived, on the one hand, as an impression on the soul and, on the other, as an interior space or palace. At this stage of our research, landscape is considered from the point of view of its sublimity, that is, the pathetic force through which it inscribes itself in the memory text. The classical sources, which serve as guide, are the Platonic dialogues, two Aristotelian works and some Latin rhetoric treatises, as well as some expositions on the sublime, from the Longinus through Burke to Goethe’s contemporary and personal friend Friedrich Schiller. Our thesis, whose aim is to establish contact between landscape and individual recollection, appears to be a new contribution in the field of studies on Goethe, considering that Italian and classical landscape in the Journey is traditionally referred to historical time and cultural memory

Att identifiera vad användare värderar är nyckeln till att företag kan skapa konkurrenskraftiga fördelar. Trots detta använder designers inom området för service design flera visualiseringstekniker som stöd för att visualisera olika aspekter av en service men ingen av visualiseringsteknikerna stödjer en servicedesigner att identifiera vad användare värderar. Utifrån en explorativ metodansats triangulerar studien en enkätundersökning och intervju med en sammanställning av de viktigaste ”ingredienserna” som bör finnas i en visualiseringsteknik som stödjer servicedesigners att identifiera potentiellt användarvärde innan en service är skapad. Resultatet av studien presenteras i form av visualiseringstekniken ”Värdeprofilens resa” som syftar till att stödja designers och företag att uppnå konkurrenskraftiga fördelar genom att identifiera potentiellt användarvärde genom service design. Genom att besvara frågeställningen kan studien möta den problematik som relaterar till avsaknaden av ett visualiseringsstöd som stödjer företags behov av att samla in kunskap om vilken typ av service som kan skapa värde hos användare utan att utgå från en befintlig service. Resultatet av examensarbetet är tänkt att kunna användas av servicedesigners för att identifiera aktiviteter i använ­dares liv där företag, genom sina resurser, kan skapa service som stödjer användares behov och på så sätt skapar användarvärde. / To identify what users value, is the key to business for creating competitive advantages. Despite this, designers in the field of service design using several visualization techniques for support when visualizing different aspects of a service. But none of the visualization techniques support the servicedesigner to identify what the user values. The study is based on a exploratory methodology which triangulates, a questionnaire and interview with a summary of the most important "ingredients" that should be included in visualization technology wich supports servicedesigners to identify potential user value before a service is created. The results of the study are presented in the form of the visualization technique "Value Profile Journey" that aimes to support servicedesigners and companies to whom want to achieve competitive advantage by identifying potential user value through service design. By answering the question the study can face the problems related to the lack of visual aid that supports the company's need to gather knowledge about the type of service that can create user without having to source that from an existing service. The result of this study is meant to be used by servicedesigners to identify activities in the users life in which companies, through their resources, can create services that support users needs and thereby create more value for the users.

This essay analyses the female hero in four urban fantasy novels, and evaluates several examples of the genre to find out whether or not the heroes can be found to be "sheroes" or traditionally male heroes. The study outlines the myth of the hero's journey and gives examples of the masculine as well as the feminine approach and how they apply to the four novels. The attributes of the hero are also reviewed and put into perspective within the studied material. It appears that while it is often argued that the urban fantasy genre has strong woman protagonists, the heroes therein are not "sheroes" since they behave like typically male heroes.

The present study is based on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which Lakoff and Johnson introduced in 1980. Data were taken from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and three phrases (a long road, bumpy road and fork in the road) were investigated, in order to see how far the conceptual metaphor theory can be corroborated using authentic data. Journey was taken as the source domain of the three phrases. After analysis it was found that altogether 79% were metaphorical tokens, 18% were literal uses and 3% ‘other’ uses of the three phrases. In the metaphorical tokens of the three phrases six conceptual metaphors were identified and the most common conceptual metaphor was LONG-TERM PURPOSEFUL (LABOURIOUS) ACTIVITIES ARE JOURNEYS which made up 63% of all metaphorical tokens. The conceptual metaphor RECOVERING FROM PHYSICAL ILLNESS (OR GRIEF) OR PHYSICAL (OR MENTAL) SUFFERING IS A JOURNEY was only found in metaphorical tokens of the phrase a long road. The study shows that CMT can be used to explain the majority of the tokens in the corpus. However, one conceptual metaphor often mentioned in previous accounts, LOVE IS A JOURNEY, turned out to be quite rare. / Studien baseras på Lakoff och Johnsons teori om konceptuella metaforer som introducerades 1980. Materialet är hämtat från Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), där tre fraser undersöktes (a long road, bumpy road, fork in the road), för att se i vilken mån teorin om konceptualla metaforer kan beläggas i autentiskt material. Journey (dvs. resa)var källdomänen för de tre fraserna. Analysen visade att totalt 79 % av de undersökta fraserna var metaforiska, i 18 % användes fraserna i bokstavlig mening, och 3 % klassificerades som ”annat”. Sex konceptuella metaforer identifierades; den vanligaste visade sig vara LÅNGSIKTIGA MÅLINRIKTADE (ARBETSKRÄVANDE) AKTIVITETER ÄR RESOR vilket utgjorde 63 % av alla token. Den konceptuella metaforen ATT TILLFRISKNA FRÅN FYSISK SJUKDOM (ELLER SORG) ELLER FYSISKT (ELLER MENTALT) LIDANDE ÄR EN RESA påträffades bara i frasen a long road. Studien visar att teorin om konceptuella metaforer kan användas för att förklara majoriteten av träffarna i korpusen. Det visade sig emellertid att en konceptuell metafor som ofta nämns i tidigare beskrivningar, KÄRLEKEN ÄR EN RESA, var ovanlig i materialet.

Today’s societal development is not sustainable. The transportation sector has the potential role to be a tremendous lever for sustainability due to its central position in the societal structure as well as for the current unsustainable trends that occur in this system. Recommendations to public transportation providers were made by highlighting the main existing gaps between the current transportation system and an envisioned future transportation system that could exist in a sustainable society. To highlight these gaps, multiple perspectives were considered. These perspectives were enabled by e.g. User Journey Maps at the individual level and a holistic perspective over the broader urban transport system. The premise is that in order to increase use rates of public transportation, there is a need to better assess and address urban travellers' needs when commuting. For providers to have a strategic, stepwise approach and to be able to bring the public transportation system towards sustainability, the authors recommended that public transportation providers prioritize and implement future actions aligned with the three prioritization questions presented at the strategic level of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development and by defining a criterion that would emphasize that the users’ needs of importance highlighted in the study are fulfilled.

It might be assumed that principals play a critical role in school organizational change processes. Evidence that both decision makers and relevant authorities share this assumption is found in the Swedish Education Act (SFS 2010:800) as well as the objectives and guidelines set down in relevant curricula (Skolverket 2011). Drawing its inspiration from phenomenological life-world research, the overarching aim of this study is to explore and describe the professional and personal experiences of school principals involved in organizational change processes in the educational system. As a consequence of this theoretical grounding in life-world phenomenology, our study has adopted the methodology of semi-structured interviews, with the aim of gaining access to regional life-worlds of principals by exploring narratives relating to their understandings and experiences of organizational change processes in the educational system. The themes brought up in the three conducted interviews provide the basis for interpretation that produces empirical evidence in the form of narratives. The results of this study highlight substantial divergences in the themes identified in the narratives of the principals: there is simply more setting the experiences related apart than that which draws them together. Furthermore, our results also indicate that the personal and professional experiences of organizational change processes in schools related by the interviewees likely constitute information of interest for other involved parties. From this we can make the assumption that an improved support for principals should involve a mutual exchange of experiences between school authorities and principles; this while at the same taking into account individual needs of principals. Based on the narratives of the interviewees in this study, there are four main conclusions to be drawn from this study: -       Change requires organization if it is to be successful and lasting -       Developmental change draws it power from a feeling of community and motivation -       Managing co-workers specifically in relation to organizational change projects constitutes a problem for solitary principals -       Studying organizational change projects as phenomena is problematic with regards quantifiable success rates and crowding out effects Keywords: experiences, change, journey of change, change processes, principals, headmaster, school development / Skolledares roll i skolors förändringsprocesser kan antas vara central. Beslutsfattare och myndigheter ser rektorsrollen som central i skolans förändringsprocesser. Detta framkommer i såväl skollagen (SFS, 2010:800) som aktuella läroplaners (Skolverket, 2011) övergripande mål och riktlinjer. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att med inspiration av ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv studera och beskriva skolledares upplevelser och erfarenheter av förändringsprocesser i skola.  Livsvärldsfenomenologin har använts som teoretisk utgångspunkt. De metodologiska konsekvenserna av denna ansats har varit att med hjälp av kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer få tillgång till skolledares regionala livsvärld i form av upplevelser och erfarenheter av förändringsprocesser i skola. Tre skolledare har intervjuats. I analysen har de livsberättelser som de intervjuade valt att berätta varit underlag för tolkning som skapat av empiriska teman i form av berättelser.   Resultatet visar att de teman som träder fram i respektive skolledares berättelser är till övervägande del olika. Det skiljer helt enkelt mer i de intervjuades berättelser än det binder samman. Resultaten visar också på berättade erfarenheter och upplevelser av förändringsprocesser i skola hos respektive skolledare som är av karaktären att de skulle vara av värde för andra att ta del av. Av detta kan antas att stöd till skolledare bör utgå från individuella behov samt att ett erfarenhetsdelande mellan skolledare och huvudmän skulle kunna leda till förbättrade möjligheter att stötta skolledare. Slutsatserna av studien är framför allt fyra insikter som bygger på skolledarnas berättelser: -       Förändring kräver organisation för att bli kvalitativ och varaktig. -       Förändring i form av utveckling hämtar kraft ur gemenskap och motivation. -       Att det kan var svårt som ensam skolledare att hantera relationer till medarbetare i just förändringsprojekt. -       Förändringsprojekt som fenomen är svårt att fånga sett till mätbar framgång och undanträngningseffekter.   Ämnesord: erfarenheter, förändring, förändringsresor, förändringsprocesser, rektor, skolledare, skolutveckling, upplevelser

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate key success factors of a business model for digitally enhanced and demand driven manufacturing of personalised apparel products. Through the investigation of a questionnaire and two focus group discussions the research outlines the co-creation of customers and the company when personalising an apparel productafter individual requests. Furthermore, it examines the relationship and impacts of service experiences towards the customer journey of value-adding personalisation. Methodology: This study is based on a mixed-method design. The empirical data weregathered through an online questionnaire, which reached out to 183 participants. Furthermore, the data were collected from two focus group discussions with seven students in total. The  discussions were transcribed, coded and analysed using a comparative analysis approach. The main limitations of the research are the limited amount of questionnaire participants and focus groups as well as the focus on personalisation services regarding apparel products. Findings: The findings of the analysis point out that in order to establish a beneficial demand driven business model for the personalisation of apparel products, a company has to adopt factors such as raising awareness, ensure value-adding integration, ideal information sharing, straightforward operation, incorporate customer’s knowledge, customer satisfaction, enablevaluable personalisation as well as consider customer’s emotion. Additionally, the results illustrate that service experiences have an impact on the customer journey of a personalisation. Contribution: This paper contributes to the academia by investigating a framework for ther elationship between a customer journey and the service experiences while co-designing a product with a company. Practical contributions are made by investigating key success factors for digitally enhanced, demand driven manufacturing of personalised apparel products and by giving new insights in the integration of customers when using the service of personalisation. The generated framework and the key success factors can be principle guidelines for entrepreneurs and established businesses as well as for future investigations.

This study investigates the manner in which cinematic visual translation styles can be used to incorporate dominant and subversive historical versions in fictional narratives constructed within the conspiracy film genre. Fictional characters in a conspiracy film are often tasked with a mission to discover the alternative historical accounts, accounts which for all intents and purposes are regularly kept hidden from the public eye. These accounts are presented as a plausible and often unconventional narrative which challenges the dominant version of events. A visual translation style is a term used to describe the various methods in which a film can be shot and edited in order to create a specific aesthetic and communicate a specific idea. These styles can consist of camera movements, shot sizes or editing techniques, all of which aid in communicating a specific idea in a film. This study analyses the conventions of the conspiracy film, with regard to the manner in which the alternative and dominant versions of historical accounts are constructed. Furthermore, the study explores how these alternative and hegemonic historical events are presented and communicated through the use of visual translation styles. Theorists such as Jean Baudrillard and David Bordwell are referenced when discussing the meaning and application of terms such as “truth”, “narrative” and “history” and to problematise these notions in the context of this particular genre. Other key notions investigated include aporia, metalanguage and object-language and notions of genre theory. The conceptual and theoretical framework regarding visual translation styles is further complemented by writers such as Don Fairservice and Ken Dancyger. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Drama / unrestricted

AFRIKAANS: Die doelwit van die studie is die skepping van ‘n omvattende kontrolelys vir die skryf en evalueer van dramadraaiboeke. Die navorsing dek alle tradisionele kommersiële genres binne rolprentdrama, met die uitsondering van komedie. Om die kontrolelys te skep, is daar eers gepoog om die somtotaal van tegnieke wat die vakgebied van dramadraaiboekskryf behels, te identifiseer. Dit vergestalt in sewe inventarisse naamlik: Bestaande kontrolelyste, genre-eienskappe en draaiboekskryftegnieke vir struktuur, plot, emosie, karakters, en dialoog&diverse. Die studie behels kwalitatiewe navorsing wat beide beskrywend en voorskriftelik is. Die uitleg en inhoud is as volg: Hoofstuk 1: Navorsingsontwerp dek die • oriëntasie ten opsigte van die onderwerp; • konteks en relevansie van die navorsing; • teoretiese grondslag soos tipe navorsing, aannames en definisies; • formulering van die navorsingsprobleem; • uiteensetting van die metodologie; • stappe in die skepping van die meesterkontrolelys; • styl en aanbieding; en • oorsig van die navorsing. Hoofstuk 2: Teoretiese onderbou bevat die fundamentele literatuurstudie. Primêre teorieë omskryf Anderson en Anderson se teorie oor hoe kykers ‘n rolprent waarneem, sowel as Gerrig en Prentice se teorie oor kykers se onbewustelike deelname aan, en emosionele reaksie op, rolprentstories. Sekondêre teorieë kyk na die volgende: Sielkunde sit Freud se teorie oor menslike gedrag uiteen, sowel as kort teorieë oor menslike houdings, identifikasie met persone, die eienskappe van emosie en die mag, eienskappe en funksies van leiers. Kommunikasiekunde kyk na die gedrag van leiers, besluitneming in kleingroepe en die kommunikasie van openbare waardes in gemeenskappe. Onder empatie in fiksierolprente word Neill se voorwaardes vir empatie met rolprentkarakters uiteengesit. Mitologie dek Campbell se boek The hero with a thousand faces en Vogler se boek The writer’s journey. Draaiboekskryfteorie sit die klassieke dramatiese struktuur, tweedoelwitstruktuur en negebedryfstruktuur uiteen. Inventaris van kontrolelyste dokumenteer alle kontrolelyste vanaf Freeburg (1920) tot Human (2003), sowel as drie dokumente van Amerikaanse rolprentmaatskappye wat gebruik word vir die evaluering van draaiboeke. Inventaris van genre-eienskappe dokumenteer plot-, struktuur- en karakter-eienskappe van alle kommersiële genres, komedie uitgesluit. Hoofstuk 3: Inventaris van strukturele tegnieke lys alle skryftegenieke wat van toepassing is op struktuur. Dit bevat 27 afdelings met opskrifte soos Tipes strukture, Die heldereis en Klimaks en hoofklimaks. Hoofstuk 4: Inventaris van plot- en emosietegnieke lys alle skryftegnieke wat van toepassing is op plot en emosie. Dit bevat 90 afdelings met opskrifte soos Uiteensetting: algemeen, Konfrontasie en Afloop/epiloog/einde. Hoofstuk 5: Inventaris van karaktertegnieke lys alle skryftegnieke wat van toepassing is op karakter. Dit bevat 80 afdelings met opsrifte soos Effektiewe rolprentkarakters, Tipe karakters en Karakterverandering/-ontwikkeling. Hoofstuk 6: Inventaris van dialoog- en diverse tegnieke lys alle skryftegnieke wat van toepassing is op dialoog en diverse elemente. Dit bevat 46 afdelings met opskrifte soos Effektiewe dialoog, Subteks en Begroting. Hoofstuk 7: Die meesterkontrolelys bevat die primêre navorsingsuitset, naamlik ‘n omvattende kontrolelys van 5 550 vrae. Dit is ‘n buigsame instrument wat die draaiboekevalueerder of –skrywer lei deur alle bekende veranderlikes van ‘n storie. Dit is saamgestel uit hoofstukke twee tot ses. Dit bestaan uit vyf makrokontrolelyste: struktuur, plot, emosie, karakters en dialoog, wat elkeen uit ‘n aantal mikrokontrolelyste bestaan. Hoofstuk 8: Samevatting evalueer die beantwoording van die navorsingsvrae, bespreek moontlike gebreke in die navorsing en maak aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing. Laastens volg die bibliografie en bylaes. ABSTRACT (English) The objective of the research is the creation of an extensive checklist for writing and evaluating screenplays. The research covers all traditional commercial genres within motion picture drama, with the exception of comedy. To create the checklist, an attempt was made to identify the sum total of techniques within the discipline of drama scriptwriting. Seven inventories were compiles, namely: existing checklists; genre characteristics; and scriptwriting techniques for structure; plot, emotion; characters; and dialogue&diverse. Information for the thesis was obtained from qualitative research that is both descriptive and prescriptive. The layout and content are as follows: • orientation of the subject; • context and relevance of the research; • theoretical basis, for example type of research, assumptions and definitions; • formulation of the research problem; • explanation of the methodology; • steps in the creation of the master checklist; • style and presentation; and • overview of the research. Chapter 2: Theoretical foundation is an overview of the fundamental literature study. Under Primary theories Anderson and Anderson’s theory on how viewers perceive a motion picture is described as well as Gerrig and Prentice’s theory on the subjective participation of viewers in, and emotional reaction to, motion picture stories. Secondary theories look at the following: Psychology explains Freud’s theories on human behaviour, as well as short theories on human attitudes, identification with people, the characteristics of emotion and the power, characteristics and functions of leaders. Communication science covers the behaviour of leaders, decision-making in small groups and the communication of public values in communities. Empathy in fiction motion pictures explains Neill’s prerequisites for empathy with motion picture characters. Mythology covers Campbell’s book The hero with a thousand faces and Vogler’s book The writer’s journey. Scriptwriting theory explains the classical dramatic structure, the two-goal structure and the nine-act structure. Inventory of checklists documents all checklists from Freeburg (1920) to Human (2003) and also lists three documents used by American motion picture companies to evaluate scripts. Inventory of genre characteristics documents characteristics for plot, structure and character of all commercial genres, excluding comedy. Chapter 3: Inventory of structural techniques list all the writing techniques that are applicable to structure. It contains 27 sections with headings such as Structural types, The hero’s journey, and Climax&main climax. Chapter 4: Inventory of plot and emotion techniques list all the writing techniques that are applicable to plot. It contains 90 sections with headings such as Exposition: general, Confrontation and Denouement/epilogue/end. Chapter 5: Inventory of character techniques list all the writing techniques that is applicable to character. It contains 80 sections with headings such as Effective motion picture characters. Type of characters and Character change/development. Chapter 6: Inventory of dialogue and diverse techniques list all the writing techniques that are applicable to dialogue and diverse elements. It contains 46 sections with headings such as Effective dialogue, Subtext and Budget. Chapter 7: The master checklist contains the primary research output, namely an extensive checklist of 5 550 questions. It is a flexible instrument that leads the script reader or scriptwriter through all known variables in a story. This was compiles from information in chapters two to six. It consists of five macro checklists: structure, plot, emotion, characters and dialogue, each consisting of a number of micro checklists. Chapter 8: Conclusion evaluates the answers to the research questions, discuss possible shortcomings in the research and makes recommendations for further research. Lastly follow the bibliography and addenda. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

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