In the run-up to the Swedish national election 2014, humanism became a central concept in the debate. Foreign policy is normally not very prominent in Swedish election debates, but ongoing developments in the surrounding world and intensified domestic polemics regarding immigration, generated focus on aid and refugee reception. In this debate, political parties as well as other key representatives repeatedly used words such as human, humane, humanity and humanitarian in order to describe a situation or to motivate a certain position. This thesis seeks to answer questions about how these concepts are used in the debate, what they mean and how the discourse forms policy and politics. The investigation is guided by a critical constructivist theory, and the analysis consists of four parts: Quantitative mapping of how the words are utilized; Semiotic analysis of the meaning of certain elements in the discourse; Analysis of representation; Discussion about how discourse forms reality.The results indicate that humanism is unanimously accepted as holding a positive meaning, or at least something that parties want to be associated with, which ought to differ it from other isms. There is a strong connection between discourse, political action, and reality. The study identifies a number of contexts where humanism occurs, namely: 1) Description of the Swedish society; 2) Support for Human Rights; 3) Sweden's responsibility to provide support; 4) Labelling certain politics, policies or reforms; 5) Description of situation in another country; 6) Description of another party; 7) Without direct reference to politics. In all categories of utilization of humanism, there were layers of meaning in the word choice or way a certain language was used. Differences in total frequency of humanism including all related key words can neither be explained by size of the party nor by the left-right political scale. There are however a number of factors that appear significant to understand variations in frequency, word choice and underlying norms and messages, including: normative context, political position (opposition/government), political color, media format, development norms, preconceived stereotypes, power-relations.

In this thesis I examine the debate surrounding Therapeutic Touch, a controversial energetic healing modality being practiced by registered nurses in biomedical institutions across North America. The debate surrounding the therapy takes place within medical journals, popular media articles, and on the internet. Within the debate, definitions of illness etiology, appropriate treatment, patient management, and alternative therapy use are contested by Therapeutic Touch proponents and critics. Through discursive analysis, interviews with local participants in the debate, and participant observation within the TT community, I present an analysis of the issues being contested and of the discursive strategies used by proponents and critics within the debate. The debate is contextualized in two ways: first, as an instance of medical heresy, in which an alternative healing group arises within the orthodox medical community and struggles to maintain itself within biomedical discourse and institutions; second, I contextualize the debate as an example of the wider trend towards integrative medicine in North America. Integrative medicine sees alternative therapies being increasingly used within health care delivery systems, either by alternative practitioners, or by biomedical practitioners who have co-opted alternative techniques. I argue that Therapeutic Touch proponents have utilized several discursive strategies in presenting and arguing for their alternative healing model. These strategies surround the issues of professional legitimacy, scientific validity, and TT’s perception as religious or spiritual. Therapeutic Touch proponents manage their discourse by conforming it to orthodox biomedical discourse and by pursuing a strategy of professionalization. Through this management process, they have been able to maintain a marginal presence within biomedicine. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The purpose of this thesis was to examine and explore themes within Swedish gangster rap lyrics. The method was content analysis with the purpose of coding content from every new gangster rap song released in Sweden 2019 to 2023 appearing in the top 50 lists each month in the archive “Swedishcharts.com”. The number of new songs released differed in quantity year to year, and the total number of Swedish gangster rap songs in every year combined was243 songs. The main themes appearing in Swedish gangster rap were discovered as: violence, guns, drugs, misogyny, gangs, and environment. There were also themes appearing that didnot appear as commonly such as: political awareness, police harassment, and ethnicity. The extent to which themes referring to criminality and violence resonated with media representations of the genre was not common. More likely, the subgenre could be interpretednarratively and critically to reveal depictions of difficult environments, with several aspects not mentioned in the media that potentially portray real experiences for the gangster rappers. In cases where the themes could resonate with the Swedish media representations, they were often expressed in a braggadocious or exaggerated way, with possible causes like protecting the authenticity of the genre or potentially articulating difficulties within society. A comparison with how violence and criminality refer to relevant themes in the content analysis showed a nuanced pattern as to whether the media representation of gangster rap was equivalent to criminal activity in society.

This study aims to analyze whether the discourses of the phenomenon of honor-related violence and oppression have changed over time in the Swedish daily press. This is operated through a discourse analysis of debate articles from seven newspapers published around the country. The methodological and theoretical premise is based on Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. Further, three theories has been applied; The construction of “the others” by Jonsson, de Beauvoir’s theory of The Second Sex and Nussbaum’s universal theory of justice. The purpose of selection of articles has been to find relevant debate articles concerning opinions on the phenomenon of honor-related violence and oppression. The results and analysis has been divided into three main themes: a legal discourse, a discourse of "us " and " them " as well as a discourse of patriarchy. The results indicate that the phenomenon is influenced by its time in the shape of current events and areas of conflict.

A dissertação visa expor a tese de Ronald Dworkin que veio a ser conhecida como interpretativismo, segundo a qual o direito é uma prática interpretativa. O objetivo principal é entender a contribuição metodológica que essa tese representa para o entendimento teórico do direito e qual seu argumento contra teorias do direito meramente descritivas. Para localizar a contribuição de Dworkin, são apresentadas, em primeiro lugar, as inovações metodológicas que surgem na obra seminal de Herbert Hart, O Conceito de Direito. A ideia chave que passa a ser discutida a partir dessa obra é a de ponto de vista interno. É considerada uma tese segundo a qual o próprio Hart teria plantado as sementes do interpretativismo. A teoria de Dworkin é então apresentada como uma teoria que, inicialmente, preocupa-se em entender a controvérsia no direito. Para isso, ela se vale de do argumento dos desacordos teóricos e do argumento relacionado do ferrão semântico. Esses argumentos revelam uma característica política da prática jurídica que o positivismo analítico desconsiderou, ao tentar entender essa prática apenas por meio da abordagem da filosofia da linguagem. Ao interpretativismo é contraposto então o desafio proposto por uma teoria positivista contemporânea, a qual, ainda que não discorde do caráter normativo da prática, pretende defender o descritivismo na teoria. Por fim, como resposta a esse desafio, é apresentada a formulação mais recente do interpretativismo, a partir das obras de Dworkin Justiça de Toga e Justice for Hedgehogs. Nessas obras, estão formulados de maneira definitiva dois argumentos que são a chave para o entendimento da teoria interpretativa de Dworkin: o argumento sobre caráter controverso da prática jurídica e a indisponibilidade de explicações criteriais, e o argumento sobre a impossibilidade de realização de teorias arquimedianas (externas). A conclusão do trabalho é apresentada em forma de uma agenda de pesquisas para a teoria do direito e também para a sociologia jurídica, agenda esta que decorre da adoção da teoria interpretativista como a maneira mais adequada de enxergar a prática jurídica. / The dissertation aims to expose the Ronald Dworkins thesis that has come to be known as interpretivism, according to which the law is an \"interpretive practice\". The main objective is to understand the methodological contribution that this thesis represents to the theoretical understanding of the law, and the argument it offers against merely descriptive theories of law. To locate the contribution of Dworkin\'s theory, the dissertation presents, first, the methodological innovations that arise in the seminal work of Herbert Hart, The Concept of Law. The key idea that starts being discussed is that of the internal point of view. It is considered an argument that Hart himself would have \"planted the seeds\" of Dworkins interpretivism. Dworkin\'s theory is then presented as a theory that is initially concerned to understand the controversy in the practice of law. For that, it relies on the argument of theoretical disagreements and on the argument regarding the \"semantic sting\". These arguments reveal the political character of legal practice that was disregarded by analytical positivism due to its commitment to understand this practice only through the approach of the philosophy of language. Interpretivism is then contrasted to the challenge posed by a contemporary positivist theory, which agrees that the legal practice has normative character, but intends to defend descriptivism in theory. Finally, in response to this challenge, it is presented the latest formulation of interpretivism, bearing on recent Dworkin\'s books, Justice in Robes and Justice for Hedgehogs. In these works, two arguments that are key to the understanding of Dworkin\'s interpretive theory receive its final formulation: the argument about the controversial character of legal practice and the unavailability of criterial explanations, and the argument about the impossibility of \"Archimedean\" (external) theories. Following the adoption of interpretive theory as the most appropriate way of looking at legal practice, the study concludes in the form of a research agenda for the theory of law and to legal sociology.

[pt] Este estudo surge de indagações sobre as políticas públicas para a juventude em curso no estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como as ações políticas e sociais no fenômeno da violência que envolve a juventude. Consideramos os jovens como sujeitos de direitos e cidadãos. No entanto, muitos jovens são vistos de forma desumanizada. O significativo índice de violência contra jovens, sobretudo negros, pobres e moradores de favelas traz preocupações e indagações quanto ao papel do estado protetor e os desdobramentos do debate político sobre juventude e a questão da violência no espaço do parlamento estadual. Este estudo apresenta uma análise dos discursos sobre juventude e violência presentes nos debates políticos na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ), com foco sobre as violações de direitos e as propostas e ações favoráveis ou contrárias aos princípios de direitos humanos e uma reflexão sobre as ações dos parlamentares no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de suas propostas, ações, ideias e posições os parlamentares podem promover políticas preventivas e de proteção ao segmento juvenil, vulnerável a toda sorte de violência que o envolve. O desejo, é que esse estudo contribua para novas reflexões e aprofundamento do tema. / [en] This study rose from concerns about public policies focused on youth being developed in the Rio de Janeiro state legislature (ALERJ) as well as the political and social actions of the phenomenon of violence which involves youth. We consider young people as a single group: the subjects of rights and citizenship. Despite this, many young people are seen in a dehumanized form. The high level of violence against youth, especially black and poor youth and residents of favelas raises deep concern about the role of the State as protector and the unfolding political debate about youth and violence in the Rio de Janeiro state legislature. This study analyses the debate targeted on youth and violence, focusing on the violation of rights, and proposals and actions for and against the principles of human rights, as well as a reflection on specific actions of legislators on this subject. Proposals and actions promoted by the state legislature officers can promote preventative and protective policies for young people who are vulnerable to all sorts of violence. The hope is that this study will contribute to the debate and possible new ways of thinking.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T14:42:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9081722 bytes, checksum: 991a18b38d5a16d12ab990c1faf1d908 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T14:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9081722 bytes, checksum: 991a18b38d5a16d12ab990c1faf1d908 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation it is a research of qualitative nature and applied, descriptive character and interventionist, that aimed to describe and analyze the process of oral production genre debate of controversial fund opinion mediated by the didactic sequences, with the focus on sociodiscursivas characteristics of the genre. The survey was conducted in a class of eighth-graders (elementary school), with 41 students, between 11 and 17 years, entered into a school in the State schools, located in the city of Santa Rita-PB. Specifically, it is a survey carried out in the classroom about the teaching of Genre Debate Mediated by the Didactic Sequences in a Sociointeracionista perspective, based on studies of Bakhtin (2011 [1979]), with regard to discursive genres, and in studies of Dolz et al. (2013a), with the design of the genre as a tool for teaching and learning to use social language practices. In this perspective, we approach the teaching of genre by adopting the procedure of the didactic sequences, from the perspective of Dolz, Noverraz and Schneuwly (2013c), offering work in the genre modules, either as oral, with focus on the advances and difficulties presented by the students by using the aforementioned genre. With regard specifically to the teaching of the debate, we rely on the contributions of Dolz, Schneuwly and Pietro (2013b). In this sense, the analysis had as corpus both oral productions made by students involved in the investigation, held before the intervention by means of modules, and another after the intervention. On analysis of initial production, we detect problems related to the structure of the genre-difficulties in General Organization of the debate and in the performance of the members in connection with their roles in the use of the genre; the informatividade-low argumentatividade and little use of textual reconstruction strategies; and, in relation to the appropriateness of the language in the style of debate-the use of inappropriate words in the style of genre and the manifestation of biased behaviour regarding the use of non-default variant in the production of the debate. These difficulties were worked by means of modules, as proposes the following procedure. After this intervention, was held the production end of the debate, which allowed us to verify that the problems detected in the first production were minimized. So, we were able to ascertain that the difficulties presented in relation to the structure, the informatividade and the suitability of language in the style of genre are minimized. Students have developed sociodiscursivas skills such as the use of argumentative strategies and textual reconstruction that were important for effective interaction in the use of the genre. In this sense, the education debate by means of didactic sequences, in addition to developing sociodiscursivas skills important for interaction, instrumentalizou students to use the debate effectively. / Esta dissertação trata-se de um trabalho de investigação de natureza qualitativa e aplicada, de caráter descritivo e intervencionista, que objetivou descrever e analisar o processo de produção oral do gênero debate de opinião de fundo controverso mediado pelas sequências didáticas, com o foco nas características sociodiscursivas do referido gênero. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma turma do 8º ano (ensino fundamental), com 41 alunos, entre 11 e 17 anos, inseridos em uma Escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino, localizada na cidade de Santa Rita- PB. Especificamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada em sala de aula sobre o Ensino do Gênero Debate Mediado Pelas Sequências Didáticas em uma perspectiva Sociointeracionista, com base nos estudos de Bakhtin (2011[1979]), no que se refere aos gêneros discursivos, e nos estudos de Dolz et al. (2013a), com a concepção do gênero como instrumento de ensino-aprendizagem para uso nas práticas sociais de linguagem. Nessa perspectiva, abordamos o ensino do gênero adotando o procedimento das sequências didáticas, a partir das perspectivas de Dolz, Schneuwly e Noverraz (2013c), que propõem trabalhar em módulos os gêneros textuais, tanto orais como escritos, com foco nos avanços e dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos ao usarem o referido gênero. No que se refere especificamente ao ensino do debate, contamos com as contribuições de Dolz, Schneuwly e Pietro (2013b). Nesse sentido, a análise realizada teve como corpus as duas produções orais realizadas pelos alunos envolvidos na investigação, uma realizada antes da intervenção por meio dos módulos, e outra após a intervenção. Na análise da produção inicial, detectamos problemas relacionados à estrutura do gênero- dificuldades na organização geral do debate e no desempenho dos integrantes em relação a seus papéis no uso do gênero; à informatividade- baixa argumentatividade e pouco uso de estratégias de reconstrução textual; e, em relação à adequação da linguagem ao estilo do debate- o uso de palavras inadequadas ao estilo do gênero e a manifestação de comportamentos preconceituosos em relação ao uso de variante não padrão na produção do debate. Essas dificuldades foram trabalhadas, por meio de módulos, conforme propõe o procedimento da sequência didática. Após essa intervenção, foi realizada a produção final do debate, a qual nos permitiu verificar se os problemas detectados na primeira produção foram minimizados. Assim, pudemos averiguar que as dificuldades apresentadas em relação à estrutura, à informatividade e à adequação da linguagem ao estilo do gênero foram minimizadas. Os alunos desenvolveram habilidades sociodiscursivas como o uso de estratégias argumentativas e de reconstrução textual que foram importantes para uma interação eficaz no uso do gênero em estudo. Nesse sentido, o ensino do debate por meio de sequências didáticas, além de desenvolver capacidades sociodiscursivas importantes para interação, instrumentalizou os alunos para usar o debate de forma eficaz.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianoMC_DISSERT.pdf: 2131497 bytes, checksum: b2b05e6d3b2ada84be7de7d321e10dae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-13 / This dissertation investigated the insert and use of the education technologies in the on-line social net Orkut, as an extension of the classroom, especially for debates. With that experience accomplished in a discipline of a Brazilian public institution of higher education, it was tried to go beyond the use of the atmosphere for entertainment and to look Orkut as a tool of assistance to the process of teaching and learning. The research was based in the Paulo Freire?s communication concept and in the C?lestin Freinet?s school cooperation concept. In this dissertation, in methodological terms, was adopted the category of the qualitative research. The adopted method was a combination of case?s study with research-action. The technique was the application of questionnaires, the collect of data was personal and the types of data were primary. Finally, introduces, then, prognostics about the future of the on-line social nets and finally suggest the formation of academicals on-line social networks / Esta disserta??o investigou a inser??o e uso das tecnologias educacionais no que diz respeito ? rede social on-line Orkut, como uma extens?o da sala de aula, notadamente para debates. Com essa experi?ncia realizada em uma disciplina de uma institui??o p?blica de ensino superior brasileira, buscou-se ir al?m do emprego do ambiente para entretenimento e lan?ar um olhar sobre o Orkut como uma ferramenta de aux?lio no processo de ensino- prendizagem. A pesquisa fundamentou-se no conceito de comunica??o para Paulo Freire e no de coopera??o escolar para C?lestin Freinet. Metodologicamente nesta disserta??o foi adotada a categoria da pesquisa qualitativa, o m?todo ? uma combina??o de estudo de caso com pesquisa-a??o. A t?cnica foi ? aplica??o de question?rios, a coleta de dados foi presencial e os tipos de dados foram prim?rios. Por fim, apresentam-se, ent?o, progn?sticos sobre o futuro das redes sociais on-line e por fim sugere-se a forma??o de redes sociais on-line universit?rias.

A dissertação visa expor a tese de Ronald Dworkin que veio a ser conhecida como interpretativismo, segundo a qual o direito é uma prática interpretativa. O objetivo principal é entender a contribuição metodológica que essa tese representa para o entendimento teórico do direito e qual seu argumento contra teorias do direito meramente descritivas. Para localizar a contribuição de Dworkin, são apresentadas, em primeiro lugar, as inovações metodológicas que surgem na obra seminal de Herbert Hart, O Conceito de Direito. A ideia chave que passa a ser discutida a partir dessa obra é a de ponto de vista interno. É considerada uma tese segundo a qual o próprio Hart teria plantado as sementes do interpretativismo. A teoria de Dworkin é então apresentada como uma teoria que, inicialmente, preocupa-se em entender a controvérsia no direito. Para isso, ela se vale de do argumento dos desacordos teóricos e do argumento relacionado do ferrão semântico. Esses argumentos revelam uma característica política da prática jurídica que o positivismo analítico desconsiderou, ao tentar entender essa prática apenas por meio da abordagem da filosofia da linguagem. Ao interpretativismo é contraposto então o desafio proposto por uma teoria positivista contemporânea, a qual, ainda que não discorde do caráter normativo da prática, pretende defender o descritivismo na teoria. Por fim, como resposta a esse desafio, é apresentada a formulação mais recente do interpretativismo, a partir das obras de Dworkin Justiça de Toga e Justice for Hedgehogs. Nessas obras, estão formulados de maneira definitiva dois argumentos que são a chave para o entendimento da teoria interpretativa de Dworkin: o argumento sobre caráter controverso da prática jurídica e a indisponibilidade de explicações criteriais, e o argumento sobre a impossibilidade de realização de teorias arquimedianas (externas). A conclusão do trabalho é apresentada em forma de uma agenda de pesquisas para a teoria do direito e também para a sociologia jurídica, agenda esta que decorre da adoção da teoria interpretativista como a maneira mais adequada de enxergar a prática jurídica. / The dissertation aims to expose the Ronald Dworkins thesis that has come to be known as interpretivism, according to which the law is an \"interpretive practice\". The main objective is to understand the methodological contribution that this thesis represents to the theoretical understanding of the law, and the argument it offers against merely descriptive theories of law. To locate the contribution of Dworkin\'s theory, the dissertation presents, first, the methodological innovations that arise in the seminal work of Herbert Hart, The Concept of Law. The key idea that starts being discussed is that of the internal point of view. It is considered an argument that Hart himself would have \"planted the seeds\" of Dworkins interpretivism. Dworkin\'s theory is then presented as a theory that is initially concerned to understand the controversy in the practice of law. For that, it relies on the argument of theoretical disagreements and on the argument regarding the \"semantic sting\". These arguments reveal the political character of legal practice that was disregarded by analytical positivism due to its commitment to understand this practice only through the approach of the philosophy of language. Interpretivism is then contrasted to the challenge posed by a contemporary positivist theory, which agrees that the legal practice has normative character, but intends to defend descriptivism in theory. Finally, in response to this challenge, it is presented the latest formulation of interpretivism, bearing on recent Dworkin\'s books, Justice in Robes and Justice for Hedgehogs. In these works, two arguments that are key to the understanding of Dworkin\'s interpretive theory receive its final formulation: the argument about the controversial character of legal practice and the unavailability of criterial explanations, and the argument about the impossibility of \"Archimedean\" (external) theories. Following the adoption of interpretive theory as the most appropriate way of looking at legal practice, the study concludes in the form of a research agenda for the theory of law and to legal sociology.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are several genres that disseminate scientific knowledge to society in the media sphere, such as television documentaries, printed news and reportages (MOTTA-ROTH, 2007, p. 3). This work focuses on the science popularization news genre, which presents scientific discoveries and quotes written published sources and interviews mainly with scientists. Therefore, science popularizartion texts are often framed as a debate between the source/voices, in which positive and negative evaluations of the popularized study are alternated (PARKINSON; ADENDORFF, 2005, p. 293). The objective of this work is to investigate to what extent the voices presented on science popularization news promote a debate on scientific discoveries. The corpus is formed by 60 science popularization news published in English, which were analyzed in the light of Critical Genre Analysis (MOTTA-ROTH, 2005; 2008c), including textual and contextual analysis. The results indicate that there is a multiplicity of voices that can be grouped into five enunciative standpoints: scientist/researcher, fellow researcher/technician/institution, government, public and the journalist himself/herself. However, the analysis indicates that two of these enunciative standpoints are more frequent and more prominent than the others: the scientist/researcher and the fellow researcher/technician/institution. The statements are inserted with the purpose of adding relevant content somehow related to the study reported in the news and rarely promote debate. The analysis points out that the journalists have a traditional perspective on science popularization (HILGARTNER, 1990, p. 519). Thus, it seems that we are still experiencing the second phase of science popularization, which began in the 20th century and is called Public Understanding of Science , in which the public is by no means truly participants, and the communicating process is mainly unidirectional, from science to society (JIANMIN, 2005). / No âmbito da mídia, há vários gêneros que disseminam o conhecimento científico para a sociedade, tais como os documentários televisivos, as notícias ou as reportagens impressas (MOTTA-ROTH, 2007, p. 3). Este trabalho enfoca o gênero notícia de popularização da ciência (PC), que apresenta descobertas científicas e cita fontes escritas e entrevistas realizadas principalmente com cientistas. Em função disso, textos de PC geralmente são organizados na forma de um debate entre as fontes/vozes mencionadas, sendo alternadas avaliações positivas e negativas do estudo popularizado (PARKINSON; ADENDORFF, 2005, p. 293). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar em que medida as vozes apresentadas nas notícias de PC instauram um debate sobre descobertas científicas. O corpus é formado por 60 notícias de PC publicadas em inglês, as quais foram analisadas à luz da Análise Crítica de Gênero (MOTTA-ROTH, 2005; 2008c), incluindo a análise do texto e do contexto. Os resultados indicam que há uma multiplicidade de vozes agrupadas em cinco posições enunciativas: pesquisador responsável pelo estudo, pesquisador colega/técnico/instituição, governo, público e jornalista. No entanto, a análise indica que duas dessas posições enunciativas são mais frequentes e proeminentes que outras: o pesquisador responsável pelo estudo e o pesquisador colega/técnico/instituição. As declarações são inseridas com o objetivo de fornecer informação relevante relacionada ao estudo reportado na notícia e raramente promovem um debate. A análise aponta que os jornalistas têm uma perspectiva tradicional acerca da PC (HILGARTNER, 1990, p. 519). Desse modo, parece que ainda estamos vivenciando a segunda fase da PC, que iniciou no século XX e é chamada de Conhecimento Público da Ciência , em que o público não participa do processo de PC, e o processo de comunicação é principalmente unidirecional, da ciência para a sociedade (JIANMIN, 2005).