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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

央行貨幣政策操作對短期利率的影響

文淑芬 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究分為兩個部分,第一個部分為探討1990年來英美等國央行貨幣政策操作改革方向,期望貨幣市場的金融同業隔夜拆款利率,沿著隔夜拆款目標利率微幅波動。 英國央行原採零準備率制度,不易估測貨幣市場資金,其隔夜拆款利率波動幅度較美國為劇,為有效控制操作目標, 2006年5月起實施「自願準備金制度」,有利英國央行進行公開市場操作,達成穩定利率的效果。 第二部分參考Nadja(2006)一文,探討我國央行貨幣政策操作對短期利率之影響,係以隔夜拆款利率與目標利率的利差為利率函數模型之因變數,其中以重貼現率為目標利率,並以超額準備為主要的操作變數。 本文以最小平方估計法(OLS)實證結果發現,央行貨幣政策操作有效地影響隔夜拆款利率;惟2003年起央行不以重貼現率為隔夜拆款利率的底限,貨幣政策操作對隔夜拆款利率與重貼現率之間的利率變動並無顯著性的影響,亦即央行已放棄重貼現率為隔夜拆款利率之目標利率,而係積極地進行之公開市場操作,穩定短期利率。
92

中國大陸金融改革對銀行業經營績效的影響---兼論台商大陸投資績效問題 / The effects of China’s banking reforms on banks’ performance

呂青樺, Lu,Chin Hwa Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要由三大研究主題組合而成:第一個主題是依照中國金融體系的現況,針對國有銀行、政策性銀行、股份制商業銀行及城市商業銀行等四種不同類型銀行的獲利績效進行比較實證研究。其中的股份制商銀與城市銀行,其資本組成除少數仍有國務院持股(即中央政府持股)外,股東成員擴及地方政府、國有企業及民間企業,股本結構明顯較國有商業銀行及政策銀行多元化。不同的股本結構,尤其是官股比例(政府持股比例)是否對各家銀行的獲利能力產生影響,是本文主要研究興趣所在。本文採用Bankscope資料庫,涵蓋1997至2004年中國大陸49家銀行的財務及股東資料。結果發現:銀行股權結構中,中央政府持股比例越高,銀行獲利表現越差,地方政府持股的影響則較不明顯;而四類銀行中,股份制商銀與城市商銀的表現遠優於國有銀行及政策銀行。但1999年以後中國國有銀行的財務整頓措施的確使得國有銀行的相對表現有所提升。 鑑於外商銀行大舉進入中國金融市場,勢必對中國銀行帶來更多的競爭壓力,本論文第二個研究主題進一步將研究範圍擴及至世界資產排名前一百大的銀行,企圖比較中國銀行與世界百大銀行經營績效的差異。在這個主題中,延續前一主題「股權結構」的重要性,除了官股比例,同時考慮外資持股及本國人持股,分析三類持股對績效的影響,又鑑於總體面的政府治理因素可能對股權與銀行績效的關係產生變化,本研究也將政府治理變數,包括文獻中經常提到的證券市場內線交易情況、政府政策透明度及政府貪污情況等因素納入考量,比較這些因素對中國銀行與百大銀行影響有何差異。實證結果如下:對中國銀行及世界百大銀行而言,政府持股對銀行獲利的影響是負向的,而外資持股的影響則恰相反,開放程度愈高、銀行自由度愈高越有利於銀行績效提升。中國政府越無貪污情況時,越有助於外資持股對銀行績效的正向影響。對世界百大銀行而言,政府越無貪污情況時,越有助於外資持股對銀行績效的正向影響。而政府政策透明度越高,越有助於政府持股與本國人持股的正向影響。 第三個主題探討我國上市櫃公司不同的對外與大陸投資決策對母公司獲利性的影響。本文將投資決策對公司獲利的影響視為內生,也就是投資決策受公司特性因素的影響。同時,我們進一步假設公司的投資決策是分兩階段完成,第一步會先決定是否進行海外投資,一旦確定後,再決定是否赴大陸投資。因為有兩層的投資決策,本文以延伸的Heckman’s Two Stage Method進行估計。 實證結果顯示,在投資決策的影響因素方面,對第一層赴海外投資而言,規模愈大、國際化程度愈高、愈勞力密集的公司愈傾向赴海外投資;對第二層赴大陸投資的決策,影響因素也類似,只是公司規模不再是重要影響因素。至於獲利的影響因素方面,第一類「赴大陸投資的公司」與第二類「未赴大陸但赴其他國家投資的公司」的利潤型態較類似,長期負債對獲利都有負向顯著影響,總資產也傾向負向影響,至於第三類「未從事任何海外與大陸投資公司」的利潤型態則與前兩類不同,總資產與研發支出都呈現顯著負向影響。而三類公司的績效比較部分,第一類公司的平均預期資產報酬率雖若高於第二類,第二類公司又高於第三類公司,但三類公司兩兩之間平均預期資產報酬率的差距並未達統計上的顯著性。 / This dissertation contains three main parts. The first part studies the effects of government owned share on Chinese banks’ performance. After a series of financial reforms in the 1990s, joint stock commercial banks and city commercial banks started to boom and play an increasingly important role in China’s banking industry which had previously been monopolized by four state-owned commercial banks. These two new bank-types are considerably more diversified in that the primary shareholders include the central government, local governments, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, not just the central government. Using 49 Chinese banks’ financial data retrieved from Bankscope, this part examines the effect of different ownership structures, in general, and government-owned-shares, central vs. local, in particular, affect the profitability and risk of banks in China. It also compares the profitability of four types of banks, namely state-owned banks, policy banks, joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks. We conclude that, without equivocation, the higher the ratio of state-owned shares is, the worse is the profitability of the bank. And we also note the profitability of joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks is much better than that of state-owned and policy banks. In light of the ever-growing foreign competition facing Chinese banking industry, the second part expands the sample banks to World’s top 100 banks and studies the differences between Chinese banks and foreign banks from the respects of ownership structure, government governance and bank regulations. Our empirical results reveal that for both Chinese banks and top 100 banks, government owned share has a negative effect on banks’ profitability, while foreign owned share has an opposite effect. For both of them, the more the foreign institutions have access to the banking market and the more freedom the banking industry enjoys, the better the bank performs. For Chinese banks, lesser corruption helps strengthen foreign share’s positive effect on banks’ performance. Furthermore, higher transparency would increase the positive effect of government owned share and domestic owned share. The third part studies the profitability of Taiwan’s listed companies with and without investment in China. Unlike past studies which deal with the decision of investment in overseas and China as exogenous, the decision is endogenous in this paper. That is, the decision making is based on the firm’s characteristic factors. We further assume that there are two hierarchy decisions made by firms when they decide in investing in overseas and China. The first decision is whether it should invest overseas. Once the first decision is made, the next one is whether a firm should invest in China. This two decision model, which allows us to extend Heckman’s two-step method, is referred to as an extended-Heckman method in this paper. Our empirical results regarding the determinants of investing overseas and China are as follows. With respect to the investment in overseas, firm size and export ratio show positive influence on the decision of investment, while capital labor ratio shows negative effect. Next, with respect to the investment in China, determinants are similar except that firm size is no longer significant. Our results regarding the profit performance reveal that for ‘the firms with investment in China’ and ‘the firms without investing in China, only investing other countries’, long term liability ratio has a significantly negative impact on profitability, whereas total asset, R&D expenditure show a negative effect on profitability for ‘the firms without investing overseas, nor investing in China’. As for the performance comparison among firms of these three investment types, the differences are insignificant. This result implies that there are still considerable individual differences among the firms of the same investment type.
93

我國公告土地現值相關法律問題之研究

黃冠豪 Unknown Date (has links)
我國公告土地現值係作為人民土地移轉時申報實際買賣價格之參考,且為主管機關審核土地移轉現值及徵收土地補償地價之依據。公告土地現值之數額即攸關人民財產權益之負擔與損失之填補,涉及土地所有權人之權益,因此,其查定除應公平、具合理性外,更應符合相關之法律規範。 惟本研究發現,在現行體制、架構下產生之公告土地現值,存在不少適法性之問題。從公告土地現值形成之依據而言,現行辦理公告土地現值之作業僅以地價調查估計規則作為操作準據,缺乏法律之明確授權,違反法律保留原則。除此之外,形成公告土地現值必須辦理之程序—劃設地價區段、估計區段地價、舉辦公開說明會、提請地價評議委員會評議、編製土地現值表公告等等,更有著地價區段之劃設未符合明確性原則、估計估計區段地價應有之規範未以自治條例訂之、未以法律直接規範或明確授權命令規定,直轄市或縣(市)提請地價評議委員會評議區段地價前應舉辦公開說明會、地價評議委員會無法落實法律制度設計所賦予之功能、現行各直轄市或縣(市)政府有意地將一般正常交易價格打折後,評定作為公告土地現值,已違反立法原意、不得逕以地價調查估計規則第二十三條規定將公告土地現值定為區段價制等問題。 再者,公共設施保留地之公告土地現值,依現行規定係由直轄市或縣(市)政府於每年編製土地現值表時,預先依平均地權條例施行細則第六十三條規定,計算其補償地價,以作為公告土地現值。惟現行預先以較高之補償地價作為其公告土地現值之作法,將有高估其公告地價之情事,也就造成公共設施保留地之土地所有權人於其土地利用權能受限制之情況下,反須多繳納地價稅,顯有不公。 另外,由於公告土地現值之形成涉及高度之專業判斷,且因規範密度不足,造成行政法院對於公告土地現值形成之司法審查密度,係採消極審查方式,僅能以公告土地現值之決定,是否提經地價評議委員會評議來作為其審查標準。惟現行地價評議委員會無法達到制度設計所賦予之功能,因此,此刻最重要之課題,即應強化法律對於公告土地現值形成程序面之規範密度,藉以保障人民財產權益。 由於我國已邁入民主法治國家,政府的行政行為除以國民權利、自由之保障為職志外,並以實現公益、公共性為目的,其實現之價值內涵更應避免行政單方地操縱及對人民有不平等之處遇,政府之行政行為即需有法治國原理之注意。本研究爰於終章試著建構我國現行公告土地現值制度應有之法規範。
94

潛在移轉分析法與中位數法在長期追蹤資料分組的差異比較 / On classification of longitudinal data ─ comparison between Latent Transition Analysis and the method using Median as a cutpoint

李坤瑋, Lee, Kun Wei Unknown Date (has links)
當資料屬於類別型的長期追蹤資料(Longitudinal categorical data)時,除了可以透過廣義估計方程式(General estimate equation, GEE)來求解模型參數估計值外,潛在移轉分析(Latent transition analysis, LTA)法也是一種可行的資料分析方法。若資料的期數不多,也可以選擇將資料適度分群後使用羅吉斯迴歸分析(Logistic regression)法。當探討的反應變數為二元(Binary)型態,且觀察對象於每一期提供多個測量變數值的情況之下,廣義估計方程式與羅吉斯迴歸分析法的使用,文獻上常見先將所有的測量變數值加總後,以「中位數」作為分類的切割點。不同於以上兩種方法,潛在移轉分析法則是直接使用原始資料來取得觀察對象的潛在狀態相關訊息,因此與前二者的作法不同,可能導致後續的各項分析結果有所差異存在。 為了能夠了解造成中位數分類法與移轉分析法差異的可能因素,我們架構在潛在移轉分析法的模型下,以不同的參數設定來進行電腦模擬,比較各參數條件下的兩分類方法差異。結果發現各潛在狀態下的測量變數反應機率形式、第一期潛在狀態的組成比例等皆會對兩分類方法是否具有相同分類有所影響。另外,透過分析「青少年媒體使用與健康生活調查」的實際資料得知,潛在移轉分析會將大部分的觀察對象歸屬於「網路成癮」,而中位數分類法則是將大部分的觀察對象歸屬於「無網路成癮」。此外,可以注意到「沮喪」、「線上情色每星期平均使用天數」、及「父母相處狀況」這幾個控制變數與各分組結果的關聯性,於上述三種資料分析方法中有所不同。 / Several methods can be used to analyze longitudinal categorical data, as among them Latent Transition Analysis (LTA), and Generalized Linear Models estimated by Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) probably the most popular. In addition, if the number of periods is two, then with certain grouping of data, the Logistic Regression can also be applied to perform the analyses. When there are more than one manifest response variable for each study subject, LTA is able to classify the subjects in terms of the original manifest response variables and proceeds with necessary analyses. On the other hand, GEE method and Logistic Regression lack the flexibility, and require certain transformation to transform the manifest response variables into a categorical response variable first. One common way to form a binary response is to sum all manifest variables, and then taking median as a cut-point. In this study, we explore the differences of the classification resulted from LTA directly and using median as a cut-point through simulations. An empirical study is also provided to illustrate the classification differences, and the differences on the subsequent analyses using LTA, GEE method, and Logistic Regression approach.
95

新制強制汽車責任險下汽車任意體傷責任險費率釐定 / The Pricing Model for Voluntary Auto Third Party Liability Insurance under the New Compulsory Auto Liability Insurance System

王志彥, Wang, Chich-Yen Unknown Date (has links)
從民國87年所通過的強制汽車責任保險,可發現我國強制汽車責任險的理賠上限與承保範圍等有了重大的改變,造成汽車任意責任險的計算費率必須要重新估算,然而國內對此方面的文獻探討卻著墨不多,因此學生將會針對任意汽車體傷責任險費率釐算詳細加以探討。 而若要重新估計任意汽車責任險首先要做的工作就是要收集完整正確的損失資料,不過由於損失資料的收集相當困難,因此只能透過模擬的損失資料進行任意責任險的費率釐算。而在有模擬的損失資料情況下我們就可透過損失分佈理論進行下列的分析: (1)透過損失資料的特性推估任意汽車責任險可能之損失分佈為Lognormal 分佈。 (2)透過最大概似估計法與特殊法推估Lognormal分佈之參數,並且採用負對數蓋似函數選擇最佳之估計參數。 (3)透過與強制汽車責任險預期損失與汽車任意體傷責任險預期損失之比例關係,釐算汽車任意體傷責任險之純保費。 (4)建立兩種損失趨勢函數,並透過此兩趨勢函數計算汽車任意體傷責任險之高保額係數。 (5)透過上述步驟之計算結果與現行實施之汽車任意體傷責任險費率作比較,以探討是否現行費率是否有超收或不足的現象。 總之,希望此篇論文能夠對未來的汽車任意責任險之費率釐算與保險司費率監督有所幫助。 / Cause the Legislation Yuan passed the compulsory auto liability insurance bill in 1998, we must have a new actuarial pricing of voluntary auto third party insurance. However, all domestic insurers haven’t revised the rate because the absence of the empirical loss data. In addition, only a fewer researches have focused on the actuarial model of this type of insurance. In this paper, we will investigate the pure premium calculation of the voluntary auto insurance, and outline the appropriate model construction procedures. The data we use are not empirical loss data, we calculate the pure premium by the simulated data. The procedures of this study are summarized in the following: (1) Find the possible loss distribution of voluntary auto third party insurance policy. (2) Estimate the parameters of the loss distribution by the maximum likelihood estimate method and the special method of lognormal distribution. (3) Calculation the pure premium of voluntary auto third party insurance. (4) Calculation the increased limits factor(ILF)by two trend functions, and compare the results of two trend functions. (5) Finally, we examine the gross premiums of the voluntary auto third party insurance and compare our results with the actual voluntary auto liability insurance premiums. Altogether, we hope that this paper could be beneficial to the actuaries and also provide suggestions for the government surveillance.
96

隨機波動模型(stochastic volatility model)--台幣匯率短期波動之研究 / Stochastic volatility model - the study of the volatility of NT exchange rate in the short run

王偉濤, Wang, Wei-Tao Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
97

群集樣本具巢狀誤差結構之迴歸分析 / Regression analysis for cluster samples with nested-error structure

賴昭如 Unknown Date (has links)
分析具有巢狀誤差結構的迴歸模式時,惹忽略隨機誤差項之間的相關性,而採用最小平方(OLS)估計量所導出的標準 F 統計量(以 F<sup>S</sup>表之)進行檢定,會導致過大的型 I 錯誤機率;若將隨機誤差項之間的相關性納入考量,而採用廣義最小平方(GLS)估計量所導出的 F 統計量 (以 F<sup>GLS</sup>表之),則計算上會較為繁雜。因此我們藉由轉換方式,將模式轉換成隨機誤差項之間彼此獨立的新模式後,再以 F<sup>S</sup> 進行檢定,其結果與直接以 F<sup>GLS</sup> 檢定相同,且可使計算較為方便。由於模式轉換所需的轉換矩陣為母體變異數的函數,因此當母體變異數未知時,我們以 Henderson 的常數配適 (fitting-of-constants)方法來估計之。藉由模擬結果得知,若各段的觀察個數相等,則不論巢狀誤差結構為二段式(two-stage)或三段式(three-stage),廣義最小平方估計量(GLS)均較最小平方估計量(OLS)表現穩定,且 F<sup>GLS</sup> 在檢定力及實際顯著水準方面的表現也都比 F<sup>S</sup> 好。 / When analyzing the regression model with nested-error structure, if the correlations between errors are ignored, and conduting the model adequacy test by the standard F statistic (F<sup>S</sup>) led from the ordinary leastsquares estimator (OLSE) , then the type I error rate will be inflated. However, if the corrlated structure is considered and the model is tested by F<sup>GLS</sup> led from the general least-squares estimator (GLSE) , the calculation will be more complicate. The model can be transformed to a new model with independent random errors and then, tested by F<sup>S</sup> . The result is the same as the one by F<sup>GLS</sup> , also it is more convenient for calculation. Since the transformation matrix is a function of variance components, we estimate variance components by Henderson's fitting-of-constants when they are unknown. Through simulation, it is concluded that if the observations in each stage of nested-error structure are the same, the GLSE is more stable than the OLSE in both two-stage and tree-stage structures. Also, the power and the sizes of F<sup>GLS</sup> will perform better than those of F<sup>S</sup> .
98

遺漏值存在時羅吉斯迴歸模式分析之研究 / Logistic Regression Analysis with Missing Value

劉昌明, Liu, Chang Ming Unknown Date (has links)
99

空氣污染物對人體健康影響之研究 / Health Effects of Air Pollutants

洪鳴丯, Hung, Ming Feng Unknown Date (has links)
本文以流行病學法探討空氣污染物對人體健康影響之研究,主要有3個研究重點:   1.採用probit模型分析空氣污染物造成的慢性與急性健康效果:實證結果發現懸浮微粒及二氧化硫對慢性支氣管炎、肺氣腫與氣喘三種慢性病組合之罹患,有顯著的正向效果;懸浮微粒、臭氧及PSI對15種急性病症組合有顯著的促發作用。   2.運用兩階段估計法,將急性計量反應函數中之慢性疾病變數內生化:估計結果顯示懸浮微粒、臭氧及PSI對急性病症仍有顯著的促發作用,而慢性疾病變數之顯著性則大幅提高。急性健康效益的估計顯示,如果沒有將慢性疾病變數內生化,可能會造成效益的低估。   3.利用隨機效果模型分析急性panel資料:此部分以Limdep軟體進行估計,結果發現懸浮微粒、臭氧及PSI對急性病症亦有顯著的促發作用,抽煙、運動、所得與工作或學校環境有無污染等解釋變數則不顯著,與前述研究之結果不同。
100

臺灣地區的人口推估研究 / The study of population projection: a case study in Taiwan area

黃意萍 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣地區的人口隨著生育率及死亡率的雙重下降而呈現快速老化,其中生育率的降低影響尤為顯著。民國50年時,台灣平均每位婦女生育5.58個小孩,到了民國70年卻只生育1.67個小孩,去年(民國90年)生育率更創歷年新低,只有1.4。死亡率的下降可由平均壽命的延長看出,民國75年時男性為70.97歲,女性為75.88歲;到了民國90年,男性延長到72.75歲,女性延長到78.49歲。由於生育率的變化幅度高於死亡率,對人口結構的影響較大,因此本文分成兩個部份,主要在研究台灣地區15至49歲婦女生育率的變化趨勢,再將研究結果用於台灣地區未來人口總數及其結構的預測。   本研究第一部分是生育率的研究,引進Gamma函數、Gompertz函數、Lee-Carter法三種模型及單一年齡組個別估計法,以民國40年至84年(西元1951年至1995年)的資料為基礎,民國85年至89年(西元1996年至2000年)資料為檢測樣本,比較模型的優劣,尋求較適合台灣地區生育率的模型,再以最合適的模型預測民國91年至140年(西元2002年至2051年)的生育率。第二部分是人口推估,採用人口變動要素合成方法(Cohort Component Projection Method)推估台灣地區未來50年的人口總數及其結構,其中生育率採用上述最適合台灣地區的模型、死亡率則引進國外知名的Lee-Carter法及SOA法(Society of Actuaries),探討人口結構,並與人力規劃處的結果比較之。 / Both the fertility rate and mortality rate have been experiencing dramatic decreases in recent years. As a result, the population aging has become one of the major concerns in Taiwan area, and the proportion of the elderly (age 65 and over) increases promptly from 2.6% in 1965 to 8.8% in 2001. The decrease of fertility rate is especially significant. For example, the total fertility rate was 5.58 in 1961, and then decreases dramatically to 1.67 in 1981 (1.4 in 2001), a reduction of almost 70% within 20 years.   The goal of this paper is to study the population aging in Taiwan area, in particular, the fertility pattern. The first part of this paper is to explore the fertility models and decide which model is the most suitable based on age-fertility fertility rates in Taiwan. The models considered are Gamma function, Gompertz function, Lee-Carter method and individual group estimation. We use the data from 1951 to 1995 as pilot data and 1996 to 2000 as test data to judge which model fit well. The second part of this study is to project the Taiwan population for the next 50 years, i.e. 2002-2051. The projection method used is Cohort Component Projection method, assuming the population in Taiwan area is closed. We also compare our projection result to that by Council for Economic Planning and Development, the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China.

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