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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

供應商平衡計分卡之設計與運用――以某電子業為模擬對象 / Design and application of supplier balanced scorecard ― a case study

簡秀蓉 Unknown Date (has links)
21世紀是供應鏈與供應鏈之間的戰爭。從近幾年Fortune雜誌調查發現,美國前500強企業多以創新的供應鏈管理見長,供應商管理能力已經躍升為今日企業之核心能耐,企業不再單打獨鬥,而是靠跨組織的合作才能贏得商戰。 為了管理日漸龐雜的供應商關係,「供應商計分卡」普遍運用於企業,然而實際走訪電子業界卻發現,供應商計分卡績效衡量指標非常不足,更大的問題是供應商計分卡績效衡量指標欠缺與總公司策略的連結!一個缺乏策略與戰術的衡量指標很容易使組織的管理走向明日黃花。 有鑑於此,本研究期以化策略為行動的績效管理工具平衡計分卡,為企業提供供應商績效衡量指標全新架構,我們稱這套嶄新的管理工具為「供應商平衡計分卡」,供應商平衡計分卡能帶領企業結合跨組織力量,不僅拉升企業績效,更能有效應付未來挑戰。 / The 21st century is the age of supply chain war. In recent years, Fortune magazine survey found that most of the top 500 US companies are known for innovation of supply chain management, and the supplier management capability has emerged as the core competence of today's enterprises. The enterprises can no longer compete solely on themselves, and “inter-organizational cooperation” will be the key to the success. In order to manage increasingly complicated and numerous supplier relationships, “supplier scorecard” is generally used in business. However, after actually interviewing with the electronics industry, we found that the performance measures of supplier scorecard are insufficient. In particular, the supplier performance measurement scorecard lacks for links with the head office strategy. In this study, we introduce a strategy tool which incorporates with the performance management tool Balanced Scorecard. It aims to provide enterprises with a new supplier performance metrics framework, and we call this new management tool “Supplier Balanced Scorecard.” The “Supplier Balanced Scorecard” not only can lead the enterprises to combine inter-organizational efforts, but also pull up business performance, more effectively in meeting the challenge of the new century.
12

創造圖書出版產業三贏之供應鏈協同規劃、預測與補貨策略之研究-以A公司為例

張雪梅 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣圖書出版產業資金與技術的進入門檻低,出版社多是中小型企業的經營模式,近年,台灣圖書出版產業不斷出現的問題有:每年新書出版品過多;在書店通路陳列空間有限下,圖書的生命週期縮短;資訊交換不透通,上中下游都在重複建檔工作,形成資源浪費;帳款回收問題,部分出版社「以書養書」的惡性循環;圖書產業資訊化程度差異大,實際銷售資訊不易取得,形成出版社盲目出版新書與無法掌握暢銷書再版時機與數量;中游發行商與下游書店通路大量進出貨與節節高升的退書率;在2007年,相繼發生凌域事件、出版聯盟和發行聯誼會與金石堂連鎖書店的爭議事件等,種種跡象顯示台灣圖書產業供應鏈出現了問題。其中尤以退書率的攀升問題最為嚴重。 本研究以文獻探討、深度訪談台灣圖書產業高階主管與個案分析等研究方法,探討台灣圖書產業供應鏈中造成退書率攀高的問題與困境。並以從事圖書發行有二十八年經驗的A公司為案例,探討供應鏈協同機制的CPFR模型。本研究聚焦於A公司跨企業流程模式中的新書出版作業流程、再版書出版作業流程與補書、退書和調書作業流程等三大部分。A公司資訊平台應用系統架構建置也一併討論,包括圖書產業協同作業入口網站系統、圖書產業協同作業網路服務系統、協同出版規劃、預測和補貨系統和圖書產業協同系統PICS。該資訊平台主要進行A公司體系內上中下游的資源整合,降低圖書退書率與提高經營績效。 本研究之結論綜合如下:一、CPFR可以是解決台灣圖書產業供應鏈高退書率問題的解決方案,二、CPFR的推動與圖書產業資訊交換依賴A公司建置完善的資訊平台與系統達成,三、CPFR協同機制建立了A公司體系成員的競爭優勢和提升企業經營績效,部分A公司體系內出版業者之市場佔有率也因此增加。 最後,提出本研究對台灣圖書出版產業供應鏈降低退書率的作法,人才培育、國家政策推動等建議。對個案公司:利潤模式估算與營運模式複製等建議。以及未來可能的研究議題。
13

綠色供應鏈中供應商評選之研究

李佳芳 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著環境保護以及永續發展意識的提高,使得綠色生產力議題漸漸受到重視,歐洲更是對綠色產品制定嚴格的法規,包括「廢電子電機設備指令 (Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment; WEEE) 」及「電子電機設備中危害物質限用指令 (Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substance in electrical and electronic equipment; RoHS)」。對此,環境議題在供應鏈管理中造成很大的影響,綠色供應鏈管理 (Green Supply Chain Management) 也因此順應而生。 為尋求健全的綠色供應鏈,必須在現有的供應商管理機制上,加上永續發展的考量,也就是推動綠色供應商管理(賴義方,民92)。其範圍包括:夥伴及聯盟關係、追蹤與管制、技術合作、產品品質、定價及協商、資訊共享、環境績效評估以及綠色供應商評選,其中綠色供應商評選和其他議題息息相關,在綠色供應鏈中扮演舉足輕重的角色(施勵行、林琨翔,民92)。 在評選合適的綠色供應商之前,買方必須提出屬於自己產業需要的評選指標(李志隆,2004)。過去關於供應商評選指標的研究都只針對傳統的成本、品質與交期等因素進行討論,可是環境的風險可能經由供應商而來,除了考慮傳統的因素外,更應該考慮決策對環境帶來的衝擊 (Handfield et al., 2005)。因此有必要建立完整的綠色供應商評選指標。並且過去文獻多認為層級分析法 (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 最適合做為供應商評選之方法,但是層級分析法視各評選指標之間為獨立關係,然而,供應商評選指標之間應是具有相互影響與回饋關係,因此供應商評選的方法有必要進行修正,改採「分析網路程序法 (Analytic Network Process, ANP)」。在分析網路程序法中,有一關鍵步驟為建立指標之網路結構,當網路結構不一樣時,所得結果也有所不同,所以網路結構的正確性就變得相當重要,對此,將使用詮釋結構模式 (Interpretive Structure Model, ISM) 以有系統的方式建立評選指標之間的關係,進而提高網路結構的正確性,因此本研究將結合詮釋結構模式與分析網路程序法來建立綠色供應商評選模式。 / Before evaluating and selecting green suppliers, buyers must offer evaluation criteria according to the requirements of their industries. In the past, the researches about supplier evaluation criteria mostly focused on the traditional issues of cost, quality and delivery. However, the environmental risk can be caused by suppliers. Besides considering about the traditional issues, the buyers should even pay attention to the impact to environment by their policies, hence it is necessary to build completed green supplier evaluation criteria. According to the literature, Analytic Hierarchy Process was the best method for supplier evaluation. Analytic Hierarchy Process is defined that each evaluation criterion is independent. However, supplier evaluation criteria should be interdependence and feedback. Therefore, the evaluating and selecting methods are needed to be revised into Analytic Network Process. In Analytic Network Process, there is a crucial step that is to create a network of criteria. Because different network leads to different result, the correctness of the network is very important. For this issue, Interpretive Structure Model will be used to build up a relation between evaluation criteria in a systematic way to increase the correctness. In this research, Interpretive Structure Model and Analytic Network Process will be combined to create a green supplier evaluation model. Keyword : green supplier、Interpretive Structure Model、Analytic Network Process
14

品牌客戶對於供應商永續供應鏈管理之影響-以紡織成衣產業為例 / The impact of customer pressure on suppliers' sustainable supply chain management

孫鈴琇, Sun, Ling Hsiu Unknown Date (has links)
面對全球永續議題熱潮,歷經2013年孟加拉成衣工廠事件以及綠色和平組織《Dirty Laundry》揭露知名品牌服飾含有有害化學物質等衝擊,時尚產業的永續話題再度被討論,各大品牌受到壓力也必須對整個供應鏈有所作為。本研究旨在探討永續能力是否為品牌客戶遴選供應商的關鍵因素,且面對品牌客戶為達成企業永續的理念,而要求其價值鏈上的供應商進行永續供應鏈改革的要求,品牌客戶採用什麼管理作法,且供應商如何因應,此壓力是否成為其實施永續供應鏈管理之主要因素。研究主要透過深度訪談台灣紡織成衣供應商和代表性小樣本結構性問卷的方式進行研究分析。研究結果指出品牌客戶針對永續能力要求的壓力強度因不同品牌客戶而異,但供應商主要為延續與品牌客戶的合作而進行永續供應鏈管理,然而,永續能力並非其遴選供應商的關鍵因素。實施永續供應鏈帶來之績效缺乏財務、產品面等實質效益,僅提升企業形象與和品牌客戶之信任,且供應商實施之困難點多考量投資成本問題,品牌客戶也鮮少提供有效的輔導與資源,不利於形成產業的永續風氣。仍有供應商因為投資永續管理能力,獲得新的市場機會,後續建議台灣紡織成衣供應商面對永續這波風潮與趨勢,不單用代工成本的思維,能夠從長遠的角度,思考其長期可能帶來的機會點去做策略規劃和實踐。
15

台灣數位相機代工產業的供應商涉入新產品開發模式之研究-以兩家上市公司為例 / The Research of Supplier Involvement Model of New Product Development of Taiwan Digital Camera Industry

廖雲娥, Liao, Grace Yun Er Unknown Date (has links)
台灣數位相機代工業出貨量穩居世界第一, 2011年渴望突破五成,毛利率維持10%以上,堪稱台灣代工業的典範,除了具備一向擅長的低廉製造成本優勢,數位相機沒有共同平台與主流設計可以依循,如何兼具「低成本」、「創新」與「速度」,並掌握市場終端消費者的需求,成為核心競爭力,這對於一向習慣於大量複製的台灣電子代工業而言,是很大的挑戰。 本研究的宗旨在於探討台灣數位相機代工業的供應商涉入新產品開發模式,以廠商內部因素與供應商條件考量兩個構面,透過個案研究的方式,深入訪談個案公司的研發高階經理人,探討影響數位相機廠商的供應商涉入產品開發的因素,研究對象是台灣數位相機代工業中的經營卓越的兩家上市公司,不論在公司規模、市佔率與產品開發成熟度上都具備代表性,透過個案訪談與個人參與觀察,輔以次級資料蒐集與相關文獻的學理驗證結果,提出以下的研究發現與建議,期望能提供其他台灣電子產業與後續研究參考與建議。 1. 經營卓越的台灣數位相機代工廠商會透過產業鏈上游垂直整合的方式,與關鍵元件供應商建立密切的合夥關係並視為企業的延伸,共同解決問題,以降低交易成本,穩定供貨,掌握品質。 2. 台灣數位相機代工廠商非常重視關鍵零組件供應商的研發能耐與其技術規劃是否符合品牌客戶的需求以及市場趨勢,是產品生命週期短的消費性電子代工業能夠建立兼具「創新」與「速度」兩種核心能耐的關鍵。 3. 台灣數位相機的產業鏈互賴結構密切,代工廠商與供應商合夥程度高,對代工廠商短期生產力的提升與長期策略優勢有相當大的幫助。 關鍵詞:數位相機代工,供應商涉入,新產品開發,垂直整合 / Taiwan digital camera shipment has been ranking worldwide first these years. Acoording to authoritative research, Taiwan is forecasted to take more than 50% of worldwide digital camera production market share in 2011. The major difference between digital camera and computer for OEM companies is that digital camera does not have common platform and design to follow. Except the Taiwan OEM industry’s strength, low production cost, how to establish and remain the core competenace of low cost and fulfill innovation and speed simutaniousely and know end-customer’s requirements are seriouse challenge for Taiwan electronic OEM industry. This research adopts “Case Study” research method to study the supplier involvement model of new product development of Taiwan digital camera OEM industry. Frame work is consisit of digital camera manufacturers and suppliers. Target compaies are two listed and big scaled companies of Taiwn stock market which have outstading performance in market share and marketplace, product research and development.There’re three findings of this research: 1. Taiwan outstanding digital camera OEM companies establish close partnership with key component suppliers and take suppiers as extension of their firms to decrease transation cost, stabilize supply and product quality. 2. Taiwan digital camera OEM companies pay much attention to whether the product research and development capability of key component suppliers could meet branding companies’ requrirements and fulfill market trend. This is very ctrical factor for consumer electronics industry which is well-known for short product life cycle could establish their two core competencs: innovation and speed. 3. The interdependence of Taiwan digital camera supply chain between OEM manufactures and suppliers is very close. Their strong partnership helps OEM manufactures increase their shot-term productivity and establish long term strategy. Keywords: Digtial Camera OEM, Supplier Involvement, New Product Development, Vertical Integration
16

供應商績效評估研究-結合ANP及DEMATEL之應用

紀岱玲 Unknown Date (has links)
供應商績效評估一直都是供應鏈管理重要的課題,企業中的採購部門必須定期的評估供應商的績效,以期望供應商能達到企業的需求。在進行供應商評估時,必須同時考慮多個指標及決定指標的權重,由於指標間具有相依及回饋的情形,因此權重的決定也較為複雜,此外,由於績效指標有互相影響的情形,指標間的關連度也是評估供應商時必須考慮的問題。本研究提出一個新的供應商績效評估方法,結合分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process, ANP)及決策實驗室法(Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)建構評估模式,以達到正確的評估供應商績效,及可回溯績效表現找出關鍵改善原因之目的。 在進行供應商績效評估時,利用分析網路程序法求出各指標的權重,量化指標並求得供應商的總分;另外利用決策實驗室法得知各指標的因果關係及關連度大小,當檢視供應商績效時,可從權重大或關連度大但表現差的指標回溯,以提供供應商改善的方向。最後以模擬的方式進行驗證,結果顯示本研究對指標之排序符合模擬之結果,因此可供企業參考使用。 / Supplier performance evaluation for some time now has been receiving increasing importance as a supply chain management component. Purchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers who meet their requirements. Buyers usually consider multi-criteria and must determine the relative weights of the criteria when evaluating suppliers. Because of these performance criteria usually exist interdependence and feedback, the weights of the criteria are hard to obtain. In addition, performance criteria usually affect each other, so the direct and indirect effects are also a crucial problem when evaluating suppliers. This paper proposes a model which combines the methods of the analytic network process (ANP) and the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate supplier performance accurately and can find out which criterion is the key factor to improve performance. When evaluating a supplier, ANP are used to determine the weights of performance criteria and can get the total performance of the supplier. DEMATEL are used to compute the effects between criteria. The model can propose the criterion which is the most important or affects other criteria the most, so buyers will know which criterion can improve the performance the most and can ask suppliers to modify it. Finally, a simulation is employed to verify our model. The result through the simulation is complied with our model, so it can provide the information for making decision concerning suppliers performance.
17

技術知識特質與產業特性對代工關係的影響 - 以台灣資訊電子產業為例

郭子維, Jason Kuo Unknown Date (has links)
國外大廠為了因應產品需求下滑以及降低成本的壓力,不斷的將電腦、手機和半導體的設計與製造外包;而台灣長期以來便具有成本、設計與製造上的優勢,這使得台灣在全球資訊產業的價值鏈上,一直佔有舉足輕重的地位。從台灣資訊電子產業的發展過程來看,代工業務已經成為台灣資訊電子業極為重要的業務及策略形態。 本研究認為,瞭解代工關係的發展與變化,有利於協助國內代工供應商對於資源與策略的選擇。因此,代工關係是否會受到技術知識特質的影響?台灣產業網絡的特質與代工供應商自身的能力,又是否會影響代工關係的強弱?這些都是本研究想要探討的重要議題。本研究希望將代工業務視為代工供應商的根本策略定位,探討技術知識的特質、產業特性與代工供應商能力對代工關係強弱之影響。 本研究所選定之研究對象,以台灣資訊電子產業中前十大資訊產品製造商為目標對象,透過深入訪談的個案研究,瞭解個案公司不同產品事業部之技術知識連結性與產業特性之差異。另外,也請受訪者回顧該公司經營發展歷程中,公司與顧客間關係變化的程度是否會因技術特質、產業特性與代工能耐的差異,而有所不同。本研究則針對個案公司與其合作顧客在某些個案或事件上,採用歷史回顧性的方式加以紀錄與分析。 本研究的幾個重要發現分別說明如下:(一)代工供應商的產品線廣度,對代工關係的發展具有正向的幫助。(二)台灣代工供應商以應用技術見長。(三)產業標準的形成,台灣代工供應商進入產業的障礙降低;使得代工供應商的產品差異化程度低,代工關係容易成為交易型關係。(四)當技術知識的累積性越高,代工供應商與客戶之間的代工關係就越緊密。(五)技術知識移轉的初期,知識的「內隱性」大過於「外顯性」,技術移轉的載具以「人」為主體,代工供應商與客戶間密切地交流,會使得代工關係更緊密。(六)產品生命週期的長短,並不影響代工關係的緊密程度。(七)台灣資訊/通訊產業網絡的基礎深厚,有利於代工產業的發展。(八)代工關係的初期,雙方合作的關係以產品開發為主體;當產業逐漸成熟後,合作的範疇會擴大到至行銷業務的價值活動。(十)代工供應商為客戶建立及投資專屬性資產,有助於代工供應商強化與客戶的代工關係。(十一)代工供應商的能力會影響代工供應商與品牌客戶的關係。(十二)產業在成長期時,「產品研發能力」、「製造能力」與「關鍵零組件採購能力」是影響代工供應商與客戶之間,代工關係發展的關鍵因素。(十三)當產業在成熟期,「全球運籌管理能力」與「關鍵零組件採購能力」則是品牌客戶特別重視的代工能力,也是影響代工關係變化的重要因素。
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委外服務生命週期之探討─以資訊科技委外與企業流程委外為例

廖宇 Unknown Date (has links)
《哈佛商業評論》(Harvard Business Review)證實委外模式為過去七十五年來,企業最重要的管理概念和經營手法。美國百分之九十的公司至少將一項業務委外。根據國際商業研究組織愛迪西(IDC)的研究報告指出,一九九八年全球企業委外總值為九百九十億美金,到二OO三年,全球企業委外總值將成長至一千五百億美金。 越來越多的企業主管將委外視為重塑企業架構的方式,跳出過往垂直整合的模式,創造出更有彈性、更專注核心業務的企業,憑藉委外來強化核心業務和改善客戶關係。簡單的說,採用委外處理的主要理由,就是使企業能:全心專注在核心作業上、提供更好的服務品質,以及降低成本和風險。 但是,在許多的報告均指出,委外的結果有的時候並不是企業所預期的,例如:委外服務的業務是正在成長中,但委外服務的滿意度卻不然;委外服務供應商有達到服務等級的協定,但卻沒能達成企業主的業務需求;長遠來看,委外服務有可能無法幫企業主節省金錢。 基於上述背景,本研究參考國內、外文獻、及了解管理顧問公司的委外趨勢分析報告,整理出委外服務生命週期的四個階段: 階段一、策略性的委外,定義需求及策略。 階段二、評定與選商,將需求及策略轉換成戰術需要。 階段三、制定合約,戰術需求演進成合約及關係原則。 階段四、委外的管理,合約及關係變成管理流程。 本研究採訪談方式,對四個公司﹝兩個屬於是資訊科技委外服務(ITO),另外兩個屬於是企業流程委外服務(BPO)﹞及提供委外服務供應商公司分別以委外生命週期中的四個階段為架構進行訪談。經整理分析後,發現在每個階段下還包含有些重要的活動因素,值得深入探討與分析,本研究試圖透過這些訪談結果與文獻的記載找出其間的關係,以確保委外服務的成功。 本研究發現,有效掌握這些階段中的關鍵活動,利用正確的委外策略,透過彈性的組合活動,可以達到企業的業務期望。最後,針對研究結果做出結論和建議,希望提供給企業界作為在採行資訊科技及業務流程委外時的參考,並且明確定義委外服務生命週期的四個階段及其發展關係,以增進委外服務接受者與委外服務供應商在委外服務上合作的成效。
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供應商配合導入綠色供應鏈管理之研究

曾斐金 Unknown Date (has links)
歐盟於2003年2月公佈的「電子電機設備限用有害物質」(RoHS)指令規定,2006年7月以後銷售至歐盟市場的電子與電機產品限用鉛、鎘、汞、六價鉻、多溴聯苯與多溴二苯醚等對環境有害的物質。RoHS指令對以製造為主的台灣廠商造成重大影響,為確保廠商所生產的產品符合環境法令的規定,有必要導入綠色供應鏈管理。因此,引發本研究對此一議題的興趣,進而探討:電子業供應商基於中心廠的要求而配合導入綠色供應鏈管理的情境下,從供應商的角度探討,影響其導入綠色供應鏈管理時配合度之因素為何? 本研究採取質的研究中的紮根理論法,以深度訪談方式,訪問以S公司為中心的供應鏈體系中的四家供應商,在取得受訪者同意後進行錄音,訪談結束後再謄寫成逐字稿。在整理與分析逐字稿,並經過開放、主軸編碼等過程,逐步地建構出一個從供應商角度,探討影響其導入綠色供應鏈管理時配合度的因素模式。 本研究從個案訪談中發現,供應商在面對法規壓力、同儕壓力、與客戶壓力之下,會經過成本效益、認知風險與認知價值之考量後,決定是否配合中心廠導入綠色供應鏈管理。一旦決定導入綠色供應鏈管理後,供應商須配合中心廠的諸多要求,而供應商是否達成中心廠之要求,則以供應商配合度來衡量,包括供應商傳遞資訊給中心廠時的資訊交換的及時性、資訊正確性、以及資訊完整性。 研究結果顯示,影響供應商配合度的因素有三類,第一類為供應商的技術與能力,此包括供應商的技術創新能力、供應商的資訊管理能力、及供應商與中心廠的專業輔導能力;第二類為聯絡人的特質,中心廠的聯絡人是否具備同理心、供應商與中心廠的聯絡人是否具備專業能力,此皆影響供應商的配合度;第三類則為中心廠與供應商之間的溝通情況,此包括:溝通策略、溝通管道、溝通頻率、溝通內容等。 與本研究相關的文獻進行比較後,發現本研究之成果與現有人際溝通的理論文獻相呼應,部分文獻指出溝通時個人特質會影響其溝通行為,在綠色供應鏈管理的情境下,本研究亦發現中心廠與供應商雙方聯絡人的特質會影響其溝通行為。此外,本研究亦擴充了溝通理論,例如:雙方聯絡人的溝通頻繁未必會提高供應商配合度。另外,本研究所提出的配合度概念,未見於其他文獻,此一概念可用於衡量供應商在配合導入綠色供應鏈管理時,其執行面的成效,在未來的研究中值得深入探討。本研究不僅對理論上有所貢獻,更對廠商提出實務上的建議。 / The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), which restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacturing of various types of electronic and electrical equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union and then took effect on July 1, 2006. The directive makes a significant impact on Taiwanese electronic industry which specializes in manufacturing of computer, communication, and consumer electronics products. The firms in the electronic industry should implement green supply chain management (GSCM) to avoid contraventions of RoHS. Based on the research context described above, this purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence suppliers’ compliance with their manufacturer’s requirements while they were required to implemente GSCM. In addition, the factors explored in this study were proposed by the suppliers’ perspective. In this study, Grounded Theory was applied to develop a model explaning the factors that influencd suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement. Besides, to collect the data needed, data triangulation was applied in this study, including in-depth interviewswith suppliers’ and the collection of secondary data. The interviewees were the employees of the four suppliers of S company. According to the data collection and analysis steps of Grounded Theory, the model that proposes the factors affecting suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement was developed. The results showed that confronted with the pressures of environmental regulations, peer companies, and the customers, suppliers decided to implement GSCM after having taken the cost-benefit analysis, perceived value and perceived risk into consideration. While suppliers decided to implement GSCM, they had to meet the requirements from their manufacturer. Whether suppliers met the requirement from their manufacture was measured by the indicator, suppliers’ compliance, which referred to the ability that suppliers timely exchanged the right and complete information with their manufacturer. Thus suppliers’ compliance was composed of three dimensions, such as including information timeliness, information accuracy, and information integrity. According to the data collected, three categories of factors influencing suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement were discovered. The first kind of factors was suppliers’ capability, including suppliers’ capability of technology innovation, suplliers’ capability of information management and guidance between supply chain members. The second category was the characteristics of boundary spanners, including boundary spanners’ empathetic mind and their professionalism. The findings were also compared with the previous research on interpersonal communication. Similar to the results mentioned in the existing literature, the phenomenon that a person’s characteristics did impact his communication behaviors in the context of implementing GSCM was also discovered. The study makes a contribution to the research on proposing the concept of suppliers’ compliance.s. In addition, the finding points out that the communication frequency between supply chain members is not positively related to suppliers’ compliance with their manafacturer’s requirement. The findings are also helpful for manufacturing firms that usually dominate the implementation of innovations in their supply chain members.
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動態性合作網路分工與連結管理之研究 / The Study of Job Assign and Linkage Management in the Dynamic Cooperative Network

江政達, Chiang,Cheng-Ta Unknown Date (has links)
由於競爭環境的變化,使得供應鏈中製造廠商與供應廠商雙方的交易關係(supplier-manufacturer relationship)有了重大的改變,由過去競爭的對立關係,轉變為合作的夥伴關係;中心廠與諸多零配件的供應商形成了一個合作的群聚,來共同滿足買方客戶的需求。台灣中小企業組成的綿密產業網絡便是一個相當好的例證,台灣產業網絡的「彈性」和「速度」特質,使台灣企業能夠在市場急速變化、壓力陡增的情況下,及時進行靈活調適,並整合體系內各種可用的資源,創造特有的競爭優勢。 本研究以個案研究的方式,選擇具動態合作網絡特性的營造業作為母體,來瞭解台灣的營造廠如何建立與維繫一個動態性合作網絡?如何進行網絡成員的分工與連結管理?本研究透過兩個實務個案分析,來瞭解動態合作網絡的分工與連結管理的前因與後果,建立觀念性架構與命題,以作為企業經營業者的參考。 營造廠的「價值活動調整」的取決會受到「環境系絡」、「技術系絡」的影響,當營造廠決定其價值活動涵蓋範疇後,將會面臨價值活動劃分的問題,要在諸多的承包商中選擇合適的對象來負責各式專業工項的執行工作,也就是要進行其「委外對象選擇」的安排,接下來最後就是依據承包商的類型的不同,於此稱之為「網絡關係管理類型」,進行分類管理,最後導致不同的「利潤模式」的選擇。 整體而言,個案公司多年來能在環境景氣循環與競爭壓力的衝擊下,不斷地成長茁壯,核心的概念在於其價值活動涵蓋範疇的動態調整彈性,方能擁有足夠的利潤,持續地追求公司的成長。當環境競爭態勢激烈的時候,就擴大價值活動的涵蓋範圍,將工程進行細部的切割,一方面可以跨過大包商直接發包給小包商,自己進行溝通協調的工作,以降低成本,一方面則可以將專業工項的設計規劃、採購活動等納入公司內部執行,減少外包佔比,提升工程利潤;當環境景氣好,訂單旺的時候,就降低價值活動的涵蓋範圍,發大包給承包商來執行,辛苦費時的整合者利潤讓給承包商,雖然單一工程的整合者利潤降低,但是由於可以承接的工程數目變多了,所以在仲介者利潤的擴大下,獲得利潤的成長。 營造廠的策略彈性,來自於其自身的價值活動調整彈性與承包商網絡的建立與維繫。該價值活動調整的彈性來自於自身能力的強弱與完備性,能力越強越完備的廠商,其價值活動調整的彈性越高;營造廠的能力可以分為整合能力與操作能力兩類,整合能力佳的廠商在價值活動細切給小包商的時候,或者在跨專業工項的承包商間的溝通協調上,會有比較好的績效,如期完成工程,減少成本支出;操作能力好的營造商,除了可以選擇性地決定是否要將專業工項相關的價值活動內製外,增加議價能力外,還可以掌握該相關工項的成本結構,控制成本支出。在承包商網絡的建立與維繫上,多元化承包商網絡的存在,除了可以讓營造廠能夠視工程需要找到合適的承包商外,還可以透過創造群與群間的承包商的相互競爭性,來降低對於單一承包商的依賴程度,也增加了承包商間的選擇彈性。 由於工程設計的差異,工程技術的變遷,營造商必需不斷地透過工程案件的執行,向具夥伴關係的廠商學習特定工項的操作知識與技能,提昇自身的能力,也將該操作知識與技能傳授給具團隊關係的廠商,也帶動整體承包商網絡能力的增長。因而,讓營造廠得以在環境競爭與技術變遷的衝擊下,獲得不斷成長的機會,也創造了與承包商網絡同步成長的機會,而得以避免整體策略彈性喪失的可能性。 最後,不同的網絡關係類型的管理代表著不同的利潤模式的創造思維,營造廠對於會員關係類型的承包商將採取採購成本最小化的模式,之於團隊關係類型的承包商將採取交易成本最小化的模式,夥伴關係類型的承包商則採最大化綜效的模式。 / Duing to the changing of the competitive environment, make the relationship between the manufacturing firm and their suppliers from competitive to cooperative. The manufacturing firm and its suppliers form a cooperative cluster to satisfy the buyer’s requirement. The cooperative network manufacturing firms build become one of the important sources of competitive advantage, therefore it’s a significant issue to the management of the cooperative network. From the practical view, the intensive industrial network organizes by the small and medium size enterprise is the important source of the Taiwan’s manufacturing advantage. The nature of flexibility and speed of Taiwan’s industrial network makes the firms could deal with the fast changing environment, and integrate the available resources of the network to create the unique competitive advantages. The industrial network also play a major role for hundred billion of the foreign exchange reserves in Taiwan, no matter what the traditional industry, such as tailoring, shoes, and machine tool industries or high-tech industry as computer, integrated circuit and electronic industries, the specialization and cooperation between industries is more significant in Taiwan than in other Asia countries, such as in Japan and Korea. Therefore, it’s an important issue to know the manufacturing firms how to build up and maintain their dynamic cooperative network and how to do the job assign and the leakage management among members of network. From the theatrical view, the early researches in the intra-organizational cooperative relationships is focus on the dyadic relationship to explain how the power and trust influence the cooperation, maybe how to gain the competitive advantage based on the relationship further. As we know manufacturing firms will exchange their resources with many suppliers, they always make the strategic decision from the holistic view of the network, not the dyadic view. Miles and Snow (1984) argue that the traditional organization will be disaggregated vertically, the way of integrating all the functions in a single organization will be instead of dividing into many independent firms to execute coordinately. They said that a successful company should integrate and coordinate their network members dynamically to achieve the customer’s need. Recently Bovet and Martha (2000) emphasize the important of building the value creating system to support the customer’s need agilely, the network of value system is different from the production line relationship of traditional supply chain, it start by the customer’s need, the manufacturing firms which interconnected with their suppliers, strategic partners, customers, exchange with the network member to acquire the resources they need, such as economic assets, knowledge, intangible benefits, to satisfy the need of customer (Allee, 2000). This study tries to figure out how the manufacturing firm build up and maintain their network dynamically, how they do the job assignment and linkage management, by case study. The two cases selected from construction industry are suitable to present the dynamic network management, by cooperating the two cases, this study establish the conceptual framework and propositions for the reference of managers.

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