韓國公共電視之一的MBC，因新聞報導立場不公、社長金在哲利用人事權力不當解雇批判執政黨的製作人與記者，造成MBC喪失公正放送的意義，員工為捍衛公共電視的價值，在工會的帶領下，於2012年1月底展開長達170天的罷工。為了解這場罷工的前因後果，以及對台韓媒體工會運動帶來的意義，本研究透過深度訪談與次級資料分析，檢視2012年MBC罷工的事前、事中與事後經過。 　　研究發現，導致MBC工會發起罷工的事前原因，來自於MBC政治朋黨化下親執政黨立場的管理階層，與李明博政府欲將MBC私有化而影響MBC節目內容走向的舉動，破壞了MBC身為公共電視應保有的「公正放送」價值。而罷工當時，MBC工會成員的高度參與，社會大眾與其他媒體工會的聲援，促使這場罷工得以延續長達170天。可惜的是，罷工結束後，MBC不僅無力保障公正放送，阻止MBC的政治朋黨化與私有化，更造成勞資間原有的團體協約中斷；MBC工會認為，短期之內可藉由社長選任制度的改革著手，而長期則要仰賴執政者對公共電視獨立地位的認可，才有希望達到公正放送的目標。 　　另外，這場為捍衛「公正放送」而展開的罷工行動，也可發現除了薪資與福利之外，媒體工作者的「專業價值」也是工會在意的勞動條件；這就是本研究在分析2012年MBC罷工後，所觀察到工會在「民主性功能」的展現。同時，民主性功能也是未來台灣學術研究上，可以用以分析媒體工會的另一觀點。 / As one of the public TV networks in Korea, MBC has lost the impartiality of broadcasting for its biased news reports and the unfair dismissal by the MBC’s president, Kim Jae-Chul, of producers and journalists who criticized the government. For protecting the value as a public TV, MBC employees ,led by the MBC union, started a 170-day strike in January, 2012. In order to realize the causes and effects of this strike, and the implications for the media union movement both in Taiwan and Korea, this study will examine the causes, the processes and the effects of the strike by using in-depth interview and secondary data analysis. According to the research data, the causes of the strike were due to political factions of MBC’s executive management and the ruling party, and the privatization of the MBC by Lee Myeong-Bak Administration; those two causes destroyed the impartiality of broadcasting, which was the central value that the public TV was supposed to protect. The strike had continued for 170 days with a high degree of participation from the MBC union and the supports from other media unions and the citizens. Unfortunately, after the strike, MBC was still neither able to protect the impartiality of broadcasting nor to maintain the organizational contract between the union and the management. Talking about the protecting of the impartiality of broadcasting, the MBC union considered that it could be a short-term target to reform the election system of president in MBC, but in the long-term, it needs the ruler to take the public TV as an independent media. Besides, through the strike which was started by protecting “the impartiality of broadcasting”, we can find out that not only the wage and welfare, but the professional values of media workers is the working condition that a union will be concerned about. And it’s so-called “the function of democracy” of the union which is a research finding by analyzing the MBC strike in 2012. Furthermore, the academic circle in Taiwan can also take the function of democracy as another viewpoint to analyze the media union.

本論文研究伊恩．麥克尤恩的《贖罪》、《愛無可忍》及《星期六》這三部小說中的同情與想像力。第一章仔細爬梳亞當．史密斯的哲學文本《道德情感論》，並闡述幾個重要概念如同情與想像力、公正觀察者的角色、同情與戲劇性質、及同情與敘事。第二章運用史密斯的同情與想像力的概念來檢視《贖罪》這部小說，並指出布萊妮最初反映了史密斯式的同情概念，但在她贖罪的過程中，她實踐了自我反省及自我批判的另一層次的同情。第三章從演化、利他主義及同情的觀點來閱讀《愛無可忍》這部小說。敘述者喬．羅斯所面臨的拯救小孩及保存自己性命的道德兩難彰顯出利他行動與利己行為間的衝突。本章以史密斯的同情概念來解釋小說中約翰．羅根的利他主義，並呈現出同情與利他行為的關連性。本章指出同情並非完全是利他的情感展現，同情實際上包含了利己與利他的動機。第四章檢視《星期六》中同情與敘事的關係，並闡述貝羅安對其病人泰勒伯的同情與泰勒伯透過口述去敘述其在伊拉克所遭遇的苦難具有關連性。本章並分析貝羅安在聆聽黛絲朗誦馬修．阿諾的多佛海灘詩集時所展現的同情與想像力。本章最後聚焦在貝羅安對巴克斯特的同情，並指出貝羅安對巴克斯特的仁慈實際上強化了同情者與被同情者之間微妙的權力關係。 / The dissertation aims to study the concept of sympathy and imagination in Ian McEwan’s three novels Atonement, Enduring Love and Saturday. In the first chapter, Adam Smith’s philosophical text, Theory of Moral Sentiments, is carefully scrutinized. The chapter includes several key ideas such as sympathy and imagination, the role of the impartial spectator, sympathy and its theatrical quality, and sympathy and narratives. In the second chapter, I use Smith’s concept of sympathy and imagination to examine McEwan’s Atonement and propose that Briony’s sympathy at first reflect Smith’s model of sympathy, but in the process of her atoning for her crime, Briony achieves a new level of sympathy which is more self-reflected and self-critical. Chapter Three reads Enduring Love from the perspective of evolution, altruism and sympathy. The narrator Joe Rose’s moral dilemma between saving the child and preserving his own life dramatizes the conflict between altruistic actions and self-interested behaviors. Smith’s idea of sympathy is employed to account for John Logan’s altruism and the connection between sympathy and altruistic acts is then presented. The chapter shows that sympathy is not an other-oriented emotion but a sentiment that contains both self-interested and other-interested motives. Chapter Four looks at the relation between sympathy and narratives, and demonstrates how Perowne’s sympathy to his patient Taleb is related to Taleb’s oral report of suffering in Iraq. It then analyzes Perowne’s sympathy and imagination during Daisy’s recitation of Matthew Arnold’s Dover Beach. The final section focuses on Perowne’s sympathetic sentiments to Baxter, arguing that Perowne’s benevolence to Baxter only highlights the subtle power relationship between the sympathizer and the sympathized.

違法取得之證據於民事訴訟上可否予以使用，涉及之層面甚為廣泛，最為相關者，即係對於發現真實之手段上，所容許最大界限之所在，此自涉及到民事訴訟制度上之價值判斷，因此欲釐清此一爭議問題，自有必要以民事訴訟之最上位法理，諸如發現真實之追求、民事訴訟制度之目的，以及促進訴訟等相關之基本理念予以探討，本文整理並歸納目前文獻上所提出之諸多理論，以違法取證可利用性之角度切入予以觀察，是否有所衝突抑或係理念相同之處，以尋求此議題於民事訴訟整體架構之定位；此外若係採取禁止使用之立場，為避免實質正義之完全剝奪，即須進一步探討民事訴訟制度之發展，是否已提供足以正當化禁止使用此類證據之正當性基礎，本文並以實務上最為常見之通姦案例為焦點，具體操作評估此理論基礎之可行性。 再者，職司審判之法院為達認定事實之要求，自須依自由心證而為證據取捨並為證據評價，此自為自由心證之內涵，而欲承認違法取得之證據將有禁止使用之可能者，自須探討是否法官得基於自由心證，而享有證據之利用自由，為釐清此一爭議，本文以證據能力之要件、證據能力與證據價值之區分、嚴格證明之要求，並進一步釐清民事訴訟法以及實務運作上對於各種證據能力之規範，以尋求違法取得之證據於自由心證之定位。 對於違法取得之證據倘若欲禁止使用，實務上所面臨到操作上之問題，即係基於何種理論基礎、何種審查方式、於審判程序何種階段予以審查、證據禁止之範圍均須一併納入探討之範圍予以釐清，而民事訴訟上違法取證之議題，外國法已發展出一套運作模式，因此本論文於此同時整理並歸納外國法之文獻，諸如英美法之證據排除法則之運作，以及德國法之證據禁止法則之介紹，並與我國法之制度運作互為參照比較，是否可為我國體系建構上之參考借鏡。 同時再以實務上較為常見之違反程序法，以即違反實體法所取得之證據，予以類型化分類，並以學說見解之介紹與實務見解之觀察與分析，探討是否有較為穩定性之運作模式，以符合法安定性。 最後基於實務見解對於此類議題已有為數不少之判決，本論文即以表格化之方式，予以呈現實務上目前對於證據禁止使用之審查方式為何、證據禁止使用之比例多寡、對於各種類型係以何種原因作為判斷可利用性之考量，期望能較為清楚目前實務見解對此一議題之走向。

本論文於結構安排上，首章係為緒論，內容涵蓋有研究動機及目的、研究方法、研究範圍及架構；而於第二章將探討限制提出攻擊防禦方法之法理基礎及所涉基本權干預；第三章則對於事證提出及失權規定立法例之加以介紹；第四章則首就我國民事訴訟法一般訴訟促進義務下之失權制度，為要件及效力之介紹，再以其為基礎下，探討特別訴訟促進義務、特殊訴訟促進義務之失權規定要件、效力介紹及異同比較，並對於具法律重要性之實務見解予以評析；第五章則除探討民事訴訟第一審程序失權規定與其他同法程序制度之價值調和問題，復將對民事訴訟法第196條、第268條之2及第276條規定為合憲性控制之操作；第六章則為本論文綜整及結論。