京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第19062号 / 人博第715号 / 新制||人||172(附属図書館) / 26||人博||715(吉田南総合図書館) / 32013 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 小倉 紀蔵, 教授 佐伯 啓思, 教授 岡 真理, 准教授 佐藤 卓己 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第20535号 / 生博第377号 / 新制||生||50(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 豊島 文子, 教授 影山 龍一郎, 教授 原田 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21448号 / 医博第4415号 / 新制||医||1032(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 辻川 明孝, 教授 斎藤 通紀, 教授 井上 治久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24649号 / 農博第2532号 / 新制||農||1096(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5430(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 廣岡 博之, 教授 横井 伯英, 教授 舟場 正幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13414号 / 論農博第2897号 / 新制||農||1086(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5324(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉岡 崇仁, 准教授 松下 幸司, 教授 栗山 浩一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第25459号 / 総総博第35号 / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)准教授 金村 宗, 教授 長山 浩章, 教授 IALNAZOVDimiter Savov / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DGAM

博士(教育文化学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Education and Culture / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

石化能源逐漸耗竭引人關注，再加上「京都議定書」對溫室氣體排放之全球性管制，促使世界各國重視各種新能源與替代性能源，並積極投入應用與研究開發。生質燃料已成為全球許多國家的戰略性資源，其發展除可開發自產綠色能源，提高能源自主比例，並能結合能源、農業、環保、產業等共同發展。面對全球生質燃料產業急速成長，台灣自不能自外於節能減碳的永續發展趨勢。 為驗證政府推動生質燃料政策的環境條件及業界投入狀況，本研究以次級資料分析方法進行國內、外之發展現況及趨勢分析；透過學者、專家、政府業務執行主管及業者之深度訪談，藉由訪談之資料歸納國內發展情形，對照現有生質燃料政策推動目標之發展模式，並以五力分析架構及SWOT評估方法評估生質燃料產業發展之競爭力。 本研究的主要發現包括：1.影響我國生質燃料的發展，最主要的關鍵要素是料源成本、價格補貼及市場保證；2.在推廣生質燃料的策略作法上，絕大多數主張應依政府政策規劃目標循序漸進推動；3.業者在發展生質燃料過程中，面臨最大的困難在於政策的不確定及原料的掌握不足；4.產業發展初期仍應以國內產製優先，不足部分再開放進口；5.生質柴油料源中，目前以廢食用油最具價格競爭力，麻瘋果油次之，藻類則是長期看好的料源。生質酒精部分，依國內廠商最可行技術而言，以甘蔗酒精較具價格競爭力，狼尾草居次，纖維素作物則是長期看好者。6.現階段的政策目標，在生質柴油部分的推廣比例仍以B2為佳，生質酒精則以E3為國產料原的最大量。長期來看，生質燃料產業的擴展，一定要以非糧食作物為優先，關鍵環節在於纖維酒精技術及藻類開發技術有突破，推廣比例及市場規模才有再擴張的空間。 就研究分析所得，提供下述政策建議：1、政府需訂定明確的政策目標；2.成立再生能源國家型計畫，加速推動生質燃料發展；3.政府率先投資第二代生質燃料產業；4.需建構生質燃料永續發展的制度性設計；5.確立以本國產製為優先之政策宣示；6.強化節能減碳教育宣導，讓消費者建立信心並接受。在業界策略上建議：1.必須提升料源掌握度與開發多元料源，並降低生產成本；2.業者須加強與通路商籌組供油策略聯盟；3.生質酒精業者可採合資或合作生產方式切入市場，取得先占地位；4.積極參與第二代生質燃料的研發與技術銜接。 / Petrochemical energy shortage is an issue that has been gradually gaining attention. Global regulation of greenhouse gases emission set by the Kyoto Protocol has also called attention to new and alternative energy sources, as well as the active involvement of individual countries in new energy application and research development. Biofuel has now become a strategic resource in many countries. Additional development of alternative energy can not only help increase the amount of domestic green energy and its ratio to traditional energy, synergy is also created causing the equal development of energy, agriculture, environmental production, and industrial growth. In face of the rapid growth of the biofuel industry worldwide, Taiwan must not exclude itself from the trend of sustainable development in energy conservation and CO2 reduction. To access the conditions of government policy in biofuel promotion and industry involvement, this study used secondary data analysis methods to analyze the current trend and status of national and international development. Through information gathered from in-depth interviews with academics, experts, government executives, and industry members, current domestic developments are compared to existing models of biofuel policy, promotion, and objectives. The competitiveness of biofuel industry development is further evaluated using SWOT assessment and Five Power Analysis. The main findings of this study include the following: 1) The key elements affecting national biofuel development are raw material costs, price subsidies, and market guarantees. 2) In biofuel promotion strategies, a vast majority should be made gradually and according to government policy planning objectives. 3) In biofuel development, the biggest challenges the industry faces are policy uncertainties and the lack of raw materials. 4) In initial industry development, domestic production should be a priority, allowing imports only when in demand. 5) In raw materials for bio-diesel, recycled oils are currently the most competitive in value, followed by Jatropha oil, while algae is seen as having long-term potential. According to the most viable technology offered by domestic manufacturers, sugarcane ethanol is the most competitive in value for bio-ethanol, followed by Chinese Pennisetum, while agricultural waste is seen as having long-term potential. 6) In the current stage of policy objectives, B2 is still more adequate in the promotion of bio-diesel, and E3 is the main domestic raw material for bio-ethanol. In the expansion of biofuel industry in the long run, priority must be given to non staple crops, while the key lies in cellulosic ethanol and algae oil development technology. Only then can there be room for further expansion in promotional proportion and market scale. The following policy recommendations are provided based on analysis of the study: 1) Clear policy goals must be set by the government. 2) Establish nation-wide plans for renewable energy, and accelerate the promotion of biofuel development. 3) Government must take initiatives in second-generation feedstock investments. 4) A systematic design must be built for the sustainable development of biofuel. 5) Policy declarations must be made to ensure the priority of domestic production. 6) Strengthen education in energy conservation and CO2 reduction, and build consumer confidence and acceptance. Recommendations for industry strategies: 1) It is essential to increase control of raw materials, develop multi-source materials, and lower production costs. 2) The industry must strengthen its strategic alliances with distributor in oil supply. 3) The biofuel industry may partake in joint ventures or cooperative efforts to get a head start when entering the market. 4) Actively participate in the research and development and technology adaptation of second-generation feedstock.

90年代歐美國家，對於人口增加、土地面積驟減、過量電子產品等所帶來的環境問題日益重視。歐洲最早發起「延伸生產者責任制」，透過制訂法律與政策提升資源再生利用的效率。並且陸續頒佈WEEE廢電機電子指令、RoHS有害物質限用指令、REACH化學品限制、ELV廢車輛指令等，透過污染控制、回收利用、減廢、污染預防、清潔生產等步驟，朝零污染方向進行，顯示資源再生的重要性。 資源再生產業在台灣為新興產業，規模以中小企業形式居多，雖然經營回收事業容易，但要經營技術層次較高的再生事業則需獲得政府許可證使得成為再生機構。近年來資源再生廠商利用廢棄物資源再生的技術，提煉出黃金、白銀、鉑等貴金屬，隨著全球原物料價格高漲，其所生產的二次原材料行情提升整體產值，預估到2010年總產值為580億台幣。 智慧資本目前普遍被認為是企業能形成競爭優勢的無形資產總和，即企業能用來作為開創財富的知識、資訊、智慧財產、經驗等。找出適合企業的智慧資本項目，讓企業投入在重要項目而獲取價值成為企業的重要課題。本文主要研究資源再生產業智慧資本經營方式，探討一般經營策略與智慧財產管理，對智慧資本運用與累積的影響。總結文獻探討與個案訪談分析的結果，根據研究問題，主要研究發現如下： 一、 資源再生產業為一特許經營行業，其經營需獲得政府所頒發之許可同意，同時易受上游產業廢棄物種類以及全球環保再生法規的影響。 二、 智慧財產需要透過企業策略與功能性活動執行才能提升成為智慧資本。 三、 策略目標不同將會影響智慧資本各構面投入的重要性判斷。 四、 智慧資本經營必須搭配策略與智慧財產管理制度才能達到創造、保護、管理、運用之功效。 五、 資源再生產業的智慧資本經營必須考量各國差異產生在地化的經營型態。 / Since the 1990s, the United States and the European Union (‘’EU’’) have become aware of the crucial environmental problems stemming from overpopulation, reducing residential areas, and growing quantities of end-of-life electronics. To protect the environment and diminish the impacts of household consumption and production, the EU took initiatives to devise environment policies and came up with the idea of Extended Producer Responsibility(‘’EPR’’), a strategy designed to promote the integration of environmental costs associated with products throughout their life cycles into the market price of the products. This concept is inspiring in the waste management, and urging industries to think over recycling process and use recyclable materials to produce products. Moreover, there are four important directives and policies in effect in the Europe, such as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (‘’WEEE’’), Restriction of Hazardous Substance Directive (‘’RoHS’’), End-of Life Vehicles Directive (‘’ELV’’), Registration, and Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (‘’REACH’’). Those legislations and standards are intended to encourage companies to voluntarily adopt environmental management systems or procedures to minimize waste and emissions and to meet the goal of zero pollution. Recycling industry in Taiwan is an emerging industry and many of them are small and medium enterprises. To operate recycling business, companies have to acquire the certificate of waste management from the Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan. Recently, some recycling companies make it technologically possible for kinds of wastes or unwanted products to be recycled. They have developed technologies to recover from waste to precious metals like palladium, platinum, gold, or silver. Those precious metals are valuable secondary raw materials and will contribute good revenues to recycling market. Therefore, the value of recycling market in Taiwan is estimated to rise to NT$5.8 billion by 2010. Intellectual capital is widely considered as a firm’s intangible assets and is often a major determinant of the companies’ profits. It plays a crucial role in business management and needs to be analyzed in a systematic way to find out the appropriate components. This research focuses on how the companies in recycling industry manage their intellectual capitals, and how the generic strategies and the intellectual property management influence the way of creating and accumulating the intellectual capitals. The important findings of this research are as follows (extraction): 1. Recycling industry is a kind of franchising business and needs to acquire the government’s agreement to operate. The development of this industry is highly influenced by the kinds of wastes of the upstream industries and the global environment legislation. 2. Intellectual assets will be converted into valuable intellectual capital by the implementation of business strategy and functional activities. 3. Different goals of strategy bring about different priorities for the resources input of intellectual capitals. 4. To achieve the goal of value creation, protection, management, and execution, the intellectual capital management needs to combine with strategy management and the intellectual property management. 5. The intellectual capital management in recycling industry must include the consideration of different local business environments of different countries.

在十九世紀早期工業革命時期，工業國家的主要城市如倫敦、紐約與巴黎，都經歷了快速的都市成長。大量的勞工湧入城市，後來都經歷了由政府主導的大規模都市更新。透過區域、經濟與產業發展，與都市更新、都市再生策略緊密結合，城市競爭力將建立在城市空間的再生之上。 區域與城市經濟結構的重組，使得原本城市車站做為製造業中心或集散中心的功能漸漸消失或沒落。老舊城市的車站周邊出現大量公有/私有閒置建築和土地，或是商圈產業的沒落與凌亂，還有空間上的無組織與去中心化，艋舺商圈正是處在如此的時空之中。 今萬華車站的新建與捷運的連結，以及商圈再造計畫，似乎將為艋舺地區注入一線希望；然而夕陽產業除了觀光資源之外，是否能迎接大量觀光客的衝擊，或是能否承受新產業的入駐；產業聚落的轉型是必然的過程，其須成為能支撐城市發展、創造就業機會的新產業，且城市空間也需要尋求新的意義定位與吸引新住民的進入，都市再生的過程進而能透過中心車站的重新發展，逐步轉為重視歷史文化、街區紋理、文化創意、引進投資與創業機會等等，讓老舊的街區重新轉型。 透過產業群聚理論及地方經濟發展體系架構，以都市再生策略研究艋舺商圈區內產業聚落與空間連結關係，進而分析艋舺商圈產業與未來經濟發展之網絡與空間樣貌；以中萬華的艋舺商圈，從歷史地理脈絡、傳統/創意產業、基地空間特性、規劃政策與實施框架等面向，梳理台北市如何從老舊街區串連多元空間/產業網絡而讓都市再生成為永續發展的城市。