本論文將Poterba(1984)所建構的房屋市場模型由部分均衡擴展為一般均衡，引入貸款成數及加碼利率做宣示效果分析。探討民眾在未預料到和預料到的兩種情況下，貸款成數及加碼利率變動對房價和房屋存量的影響，可得到結論如下： 一、當貸款成數降低時，不論房量變動的正負效果相對大小如何，均會使長期的房屋價格下跌和房屋存量減少。 二、當加碼利率提高時，在加碼利率變動的正效果大於負效果的情況下，長期的房屋存量和房屋價格均上升；反之，當加碼利率變動的正效果小於負效果，長期的房屋存量和房屋價格均會減少。 三、政府可利用降低貸款成數達到抑制房價的政策目標；但若要以提高加碼利率達成抑制房價的目標，則要視加碼利率的正負效果相對大小而定。 四、政策宣告會改變民眾的預期，促使房價於政策宣告後立即跳動，並在政策執行前就已對房屋存量和房價做出反應。在宣告降低貸款成數的瞬間，房價會有跳躍性減少的情況；但在宣告提高加碼利率的瞬間，房價則視加碼利率變動的正負效果相對大小，有跳躍性上升或下降的情況。 / This thesis extends the housing market model pioneered by Poterba(1984) from a partial equilibrium analysis to a general equilibrium analysis. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the anticipated and unanticipated policies of the loan-to-value ratio and the mark-up rate govern the transitional dynamics of housing prices and the housing stock. There are two main findings emerge from the analysis. First, a reduction in the loan-to-value ratio leads to a decline in both of housing prices and the housing stock, regardless of whether the increased loan-to value ratio is beneficial or harmful to the return on housing. Second, in response to a rise in the mark-up rate, whether the steady-state housing prices and the housing stock go up or go down depends on the mark-up rate effect. Both housing prices and the housing stock go up if the increased mark-up rate contributes a positive effect on the return of holding houses. By contrast, the steady-state housing prices and the housing stock go down if the increased mark-up rate causes a negative effect on the return on housing holdings.

台灣位處於亞熱帶氣候，空調已成為家家戶戶必備使用的產品，而空調產品主要可以區分為三大市場，包含：家用市場、商用市場及大型中央空調市場。本研究主要從中央空調產業生命週期中探討該產業之領先者與追隨者在該市場上之銷售策略之分析，其探討議題如下： (一) 探討追隨者與領先者對該產業之生命週期看法 (二) 探討追隨者企業在該領域上如何與領先者競爭 本研究經由選擇台灣中央空調產業的兩家公司進行深度訪談，並就議題進行探討得到以下結論。領先者若無法有效的進行防禦以維持現有的市場占有率，其仍會受到其他競爭者的競爭而受影響，特別是當其他競爭者透過併購策略、上下游的垂直整合、產品線的水平整合等方式，讓本身內部資源與能力上的提升時，將會影響領先者在市場上地位。 / Taiwan is in a subtropical climate where air conditioning has become essential for every household product, and can be divided into three major markets, including: residential, commercial and central air conditioning market. This study focuses on the central air-conditioning industry life cycle in Taiwan to further explores the leaders and followers of the industry by the market sales strategy analysis. The discussion topics are as follows: (A) To explore the followers and leaders of the industry from life cycle’s perspective; (B) Explore how followers can compete with leaders in the industry. The study selected two companies in Taiwan's central air-conditioning industry to conduct in-depth interviews and discussed the issues to get the following conclusions. Leaders who are unable to effectively defend themselves to maintain their existing market share, will be affected by competition from other competitors, especially when other competitors go through the mergers and acquisitions, vertical integration of upstream and downstream, product line level integration and so on so that their own internal resources and ability to enhance, will affect the leader in the market position.

當今已有數以百萬計的行動應用程序在 Apple 的 App Store 中發布，並在iOS設備下載量超過150億次。為了保護iOS用戶免於惡意應用程式的傷害，Apple 對於上架之App 有相對嚴格的審查政策。通過審查的App才能在App Store中發布。在本文中，我們提出基於 iOS可執行檔的靜態字串分析技術用於檢驗App可能動態載入之類別 。為了檢查動態載入之類別是否符合Apple之規範，必須要能確定動態加載函數之可能字串參數值 。我們方法的第一步是使用現有工具擷取 iOS可執行檔的組合語言。然後自組合語言中建立整個程式的控制流程圖（CFGs） 。接著，在控制流程圖上識別動態加載類別的函數，並且對於該函數的每個參數，我們構造一個字串相依圖，用以顯示流向字串參數值的所有構成成分以及構成方式 。最後，我們對這些可能流向參數的字串進行字串分析，以確定這些參數值所有的可能值集合。透過把這些可能值與特徵值（從Apple 審查政策建構而來，例如私有/敏感性API），我們能夠檢測到App 潛在違背Apple政策之情形。我們分析了1300多種目前上架於App Store的App，並檢查他們是否違反蘋果關於使用私有API的政策以及 廣告識別碼（IDFA）政策。我們的工具提取了超過37000 這些App的字符相依圖，分析結果顯示208個App透過字串操作構組合出對應的API名稱並且有潛在的IDFA違規濫用之可能。我們的分析還發現了372個可以使用字串構建私有類名稱的應用程序和236個可以使用路徑字符串加載私有框架的App，這些App可能違反Apple 禁止使用私有API使用政策。 / Millions of mobile apps have been published in Apple's AppStore with more than 15 billion downloads by iOS devices. In order to protect iOS users from malicious apps, Apple has strict policies which are used to eliminate apps before they can be published in the AppStore. In this paper we present a string analysis technique for iOS executables for statically checking policies that are related to dynamically loaded classes. In order to check that an app conforms to such a policy, it is necessary to determine the possible string values for the class name parameters of the functions that dynamically load classes. The first step of our approach is to construct the assembly for iOS executables using existing tools. We then extract flow information from the assembly code and construct control flow graphs (CFGs) of functions. We identify functions that dynamically load classes, and for each parameter that corresponds to a dynamically loaded class, we construct a dependency graph that shows the set of values that flow to that parameter. Finally, we conduct string analysis on these dependency graphs to determine all potential string values that these parameters can take, which identifies the set of dynamically loaded classes. Taking the intersection of these values with patterns that characterize Apple's app policies (such as private/sensitive APIs), we are able to detect potential policy violations. We analyzed more than 1300 popular apps from Apple's AppStore and checked them against Apple's policy about the use of private APIs and the identifier for Advertising (IDFA). Our tool extracted more than 37000 string dependency graphs from these applications and our analysis reported 208 apps that compose the corresponding API with strings and have potential IDFA violations. Our analysis also found 372 apps that could have compose the private class name with string and 236 apps that could have load the private framework with path string; and could violate the private API usage policy.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18955号 / 工博第3997号 / 新制||工||1615(附属図書館) / 31906 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 角 哲也, 教授 立川 康人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19674号 / 工博第4129号 / 新制||工||1637(附属図書館) / 32710 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤田 正治, 教授 中川 一, 教授 角 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19711号 / 工博第4166号 / 新制||工||1643(附属図書館) / 32747 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 篠原 真毅, 教授 小林 哲生, 教授 松尾 哲司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬学) / 甲第20317号 / 薬博第827号 / 新制||薬||240(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙倉 喜信, 教授 山下 富義, 准教授 米澤 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20575号 / 工博第4355号 / 新制||工||1677(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 中川 一, 准教授 米山 望 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(薬学) / 乙第13172号 / 論薬博第772号 / 新制||薬||240(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 小野 正博, 教授 髙倉 喜信, 教授 掛谷 秀昭 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

智慧資本是夠幫助組織創造價值，並促進組織獲取競爭優勢的無形資產，這些資產不會出現在財務報表中，因此市場價值超出帳面價值的部分往往就是所謂的智慧資本；而區域智慧資本則是將探討的範疇從微觀之企業層級，拉高至宏觀之地區或國家層級。近年來隨著政治、經濟與社會文化的轉變，不論學者、企業家或政策制定者，他們認知到區域現象對地方及國家的成長、財富創造等扮演重要的角色，而在眾多促進區域發展的因素中，「智慧資本」成為主要的動力來源之一。雖然近二十多年來，陸續有學者提出對智慧資本的定義、分類與衡量之觀點及架構，然而，多數國內外文獻或研究單位主要探討的是微觀層級的智慧資本。 因此，本研究主要目的是以宜蘭縣為例子，採用資料盤點法，實際盤點國內各縣市三個產業發展─觀光、文創及農業之區域智慧資本量化與質化指標，以及採用資料包絡分析法與陳明哲動態競爭分析，探討各縣市區域智慧資本在個別產業底下的投入產出效率及競爭者辨識，藉此使區域智慧資本之理論能有系統地運用在實際之區域發展上。 研究結果為：第一，盤點後所採用之區域智慧資本指標有系統地被分類並彙總，有助於進行效率及競爭分析；第二，透過資料包絡分析法，得出宜蘭縣三產業的效率值及效率排名，再依據質化指標，給予適當的產業發展建議；第三，藉由陳明哲動態競爭，找出宜蘭縣各產業發展在資源相似性及市場共同性兩構面的競爭縣市，並依據質化指標，給予適當的產業發展建議。 / Intellectual capital is able to create value for organization(s) and is the intangible assets that promote organization(s) to gaining competitive advantages. These assets will not show on the financial statements; therefore, intellectual capital will a lot of times be the value difference seen between market value and book value. Regional intellectual capital on the other hand, is to raise the research scope from a microscopic enterprise level to a macroscopic regional or country level. In recent years, as changes are seen in politics, economy and society, scholars, entrepreneurs, and policy makers alike all acknowledged how regional phenomenon plays an important role in growth and wealth creation of the local and country. Among the many factors for encouraging regional development, “intellectual capital” has become the main source of motivation. In recent twenty years or so, scholars have come up with perspectives and structures of the meaning, categorizing, and measuring of intellectual capital; however, most domestic and foreign research are about microscopic levels of intellectual capital. This research collects regional intellectual capital indicators of each county/city’s three major industrial development—tourism, cultural and creative, and agriculture. Besides, the research takes Yilan County as an example and uses data developmental analysis (DEA) method and Chen’s competitive dynamics theory to analyze the efficiency and competitiveness. In the end, three conclusions are made: First, the regional intellectual capital indicators are categorized and gathered systematically, which is helpful to make the analysis. Second, the results shown from DEA express the operating efficiency situation of three industries in Yilan County. Third, through Chen’s competitive dynamic analysis, the competitive cities/counties of three industries in Yilan County can be found. And then, according to the results from DEA and Chen’s analysis, suggestions and improvements are put forward based on qualitative data.