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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

勞動派遣業經營及轉型策略之探討 - 以 Adecco 為例

陳玉芬 Unknown Date (has links)
在全球化的趨勢下,企業的經營環境競爭激烈,為維持其核心競爭力,因應未知的挑戰,非典型之人力僱用及彈性勞動力已被人力資源專家們所為普遍運用,將非核心之業務或流程,利用勞動派遣或業務外包之彈性運用,已成為一股重要趨勢。非典型之人力僱用及彈性勞動力之策略,也由補充性之人力資源策略, 提升為策略性之人力資源策略。 勞動派遣或業務外包是兩種不同的業務,由於目前並無勞動派遣法,而政府之定義也含糊不清,也使得要派機構、派遣機構與派遣勞工之間常有糾紛。 雖然派遣前景看好,但以傳統型之勞動派遣為主要業務之業者,遭遇同業之價格競爭及不肖業者惡意競爭,破壞市場,使得該產業業者幾乎無利可圖,同時,台灣之勞動派遣公司也多屬中小企業,對於公司之經營及運作較無制度勞動,派遣業者無不尋求解套方法,突破困境,並建立公司規範。 本研究探討目前全球及台灣派遣市場之現況,以及業者遭遇之挑戰及困境,並根據此些資料,以經營及轉型策略理論觀點,來分析個案公司所採取的經營模式與轉型策略,且進一步探討此些策略的實施,能為勞動派遣業者帶來如何之啟發及影響。 本研究利用個案研究法,以全球性最大之人力資源服務公司 – Adecco為樣本,透過個案公司之深度訪談及內部資料,並輔以國內、外相關文獻,推導出 個案公司之經營及其轉型之主要原因、運用之策略及成效。 本研究發現,勞動派遣產業業者應提升專業能力,自低階傳統之派遣業務擴充產品服務廣度,向上延伸為提供專業派遣及人力資源服務業務外包之整合性服務業者,並致力於公司制度及治理,注重派遣勞工之權益及生涯發展,對要派企業建議要明確了解服務內容並守法,政府則應盡速規範勞動派遣制度,以助派遣產業之發展。 關鍵詞:非典型之人力僱用、 彈性勞動力、委外、勞動派遣、轉型策略理論
12

論我國高中教育中的分數拜物教 / Code-fetishism in Taiwan's senior high school system

陳禹仁 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文以「課綱微調」與「教師中介」的角色,帶出學校教育裡頭「升學主義」下的「異化」現象,並以馬克思的「拜物教理論」為指引,整理並分析資本主義的內在邏輯如何滲透到教育系統之中,而形成學校教育裡頭的「分數拜物教」。對「分數拜物教」的掌握是理解學校教育現況的鑰匙,並重新構造學校教育中的「異化學習」。本文認為「金錢拜物教」與「分數拜物教」之間的符應關係並非偶然,資本對於共同勞動能力的需求,國家對於「資本積累」和「社會整合」之間矛盾的調和,以及教育階層平均化與階層化之間的辯證張力,形成學校教育的底層結構,而規定教師、學生以及行政人員的意識與行動,產生種種異化現象。因此任何的教育改革都不能只是課綱的改革,因為課綱的有效性來自於資本主義結構的支撐;任何的教育改革也不能只是寄望於教師個人的理想與熱情,因為對於現實的缺乏認識,將會導致種種非預期的結果,甚至與原有的理想背道而馳,只有正確的認識才是改造的真正前提。
13

中國大陸「失業問題」之研究

李建德, Li Jend Unknown Date (has links)
近來中國大陸失業問題日益嚴重,其不僅是重大的經濟問題,也是重大的政治、社會問題。從政治層面而言,失業問題能否有效解決會影響到大陸社會穩定與否,這就關係到大陸政權安定與改革步伐的快慢與否。目前大陸失業問題嚴重之原因主要是大陸人口增長過快造成勞動力供給總量過剩、國企改革幅度加大與農村長久以來累積的隱性失業人口顯性化造成的,雖然大陸大力推展「再就業工程」欲解決此問題,但是傳統「重城輕鄉」的舊觀念不加以改革的話,其所提的促進就業政策往往就偏而不全,無法真正切實達到城鄉間充分就業的目標。 第一章 前言………………………………………………………..1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………….…1 第二節 研究方法與限制……………………………………………….3 第三節 研究範圍與架構……………………………………………….5 第二章 中國大陸失業之狀況………………………………………7 第一節 失業相關名詞定義之釐清……………………………………..7 第二節 真實失業率之探討…………………………………………..16 第三節 失業對大陸社會之衝擊………………………………………22 第三章 失業問題擴大之原因………………………………………..37 第一節 人口增長與勞動力過剩……………………………………….37 第二節 國企改革幅度加大之影響…………………………………….39 第三節 農村剩餘勞動力顯性化……………………………………….49 第四章 失業問題解決之道與成效評估…………………………….61 第一節 再就業工程……………………………………………………61 第二節 發展第三產業…………………………………………………67 第三節 國際勞務輸出…………………………………………………73 第四節 提高經濟成長率………………………………………………78 第五節 促進農業和農村經濟全面發展……………………………84 第五章 結論與建議.……………………………………………….93 參考書目………………………………………………………………103
14

外籍勞動力在臺縣市分布的影響因素探討 ─長期追蹤資料分析法 / The Study on the Factors Influencing the Foreign Workforce in Taiwan among cities and counties ─Panel Data Analysis

謝沛穎 Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣隨著戰後嬰兒潮步入高齡,加上生育率為世界最低國家之一,刻正面臨嚴重的少子化及高齡化問題,除提升生育率、減少本國勞動力外流、並爭取海外留學生、僑民回國就業外,補充外籍勞動力,以減緩工作世代壓力,實為我國的當務之急。 為了解外國勞動力在臺工作縣市分布的影響因素,不同於以往的研究,本文從縣市別角度出發,採用2006年至2015年臺灣21個縣市的追蹤調查資料,以外籍專業人員、外籍勞工、全部外籍勞動力為被解釋變數建立3個模型,並分別以最小平方法、固定效果模型以及隨機效果模型進行迴歸分析,結果顯示,影響外國專業人才來臺工作縣市分布之重要因素為產業因素與教育資源因素,而失業率、產業因素以及教育資源因素則為外籍勞工與全部外籍勞動力的重要影響因素。 / Taiwan, with the post-war baby boom turning into the elderly boom by time, coupled with being one of the lowest birth rate in the world, is currently facing serious population aging problems. In order to deal with this situation, Taiwan government needs to encourage fertility, reduce domestic workforce outflows, and attract overseas students and nationals to return home. In addition, it is also urgent to recruit foreign workforce to ease the pressure of domestic working generation. Different from the previous studies, this study attempted to understand the influencing factors of foreign workforce’s distribution in Taiwan by adopting a new perspective of observing each city and county respectively. This study used the data of 21 cities and counties in Taiwan from year 2006 to 2015, choosing the data of foreign workforce, foreign professionals and foreign labors as the dependent variables. Afterwards, the OLS model, the fixed effect model and the random effect model were conducted to estimate those variables separately. The results indicated that the industrial factors and educational resources factors were the main important factors influencing the distribution of foreign professionals in Taiwan, while the unemployment rate, industrial factors and educational resources factors were the important factors influencing the distribution of foreign labors and all the foreign workforce.
15

勞動力調整機制與失業

黃幼宜 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文包括三篇有關「勞動力調整機制」及「失業」相關課題之研究。 這三篇研究分別在國際貿易理論的領域中,建立三個不同的理論分析架構與模型,進行討論有關勞動力調整的主題,整個論文的主軸及行文順序如下: 第一篇文章為「農村失業模型的理論與應用: WTO架構下的農業政策」,主要建構一個可能存在失業的理論模型。主要根據 Adam Smith 「剩餘生產力的出路」(vent for surplus)的理念下,本文主要針對在農村經濟出現生產要素「失業」的情況下,從剩餘生產力出路的觀點,將鄉村的過多勞動力或閒置土地,找到一個新的出口,再創造生產要素的價值。 第二篇文章為「勞動力調整機制與都市勞動力回流」,都市人口回流鄉村(return migration)為人口遷移的實證文獻所肯定的普遍現象,本文提供一個闡釋上述人口回流現象的理論基礎,討論勞動力的過度反應與都市人口回流(return migration)的形成。當鄉村地區勞動力過度外移至就業,一窩蜂跑到都市後反而成為都市中的失業人口,最後再選擇回流鄉村的動態行為模式。 最後,第三篇文章為「職前訓練與勞動力調整機制」,結合實質景氣循環模型中內生的勞動供給與跨部門的調整成本 (adjustment costs)的動態分析架構,從勞動者可以自己選擇要投入工作賺取報酬,或是不工作的決定,亦即,勞動者衡量「休閒」與「工作」所帶來的效用差異,決定投入生產的勞動供給量。同時,也考量到勞動市場的內部移動會造成資源配置的調整成本,因此,我們考慮勞動力跨部門移動需要經過職業訓練(training)的過程,才可正式生產。準此,在「內生的勞動供給」模型中納入「職業訓練」調整成本之後,能夠進一步釐清勞動市場內部的調整機制與其配置。
16

中國大陸城鎮勞動力失業問題之經濟分析 / An Economic Analysis Of Unemployment In Urban Areas Of Mainland China

黃志強, Huang, Chih-Chiang Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要在探討現階段(1979年改革開放後)大陸城鎮地區勞動力失業問題,包括城鎮人力資源、公開性失業、下崗職工、冗員、隱性失業、勞動力低度運用問題,以及這些問題造成人力閑置、國民經濟損失之經濟分析。 人力資源是經濟發展過程中最重要的因素。充分開發利用人力資源,不僅是社會經濟的需要,也是勞動者自身生存和發展的需要。大陸城鎮人力資源呈穩定增長趨勢,就業人口到1998年末達到20,678萬人,占總就業人口29.6%。按人力資源充分開發利用的要求來看,在大陸城鎮地區還有相當的差距。主要表現在人力資源事實上存在一定的閑置。分為兩個方面來談: 一是城鎮存在大批失業人口。1992年以來大陸城鎮的登記失業人口一直保持上升趨勢,1998年登記失業人口為571萬人,登記失業率為3.1%。另外,按1995年1%人口抽樣調查資料計算結果, 1998年調查失業人口(其中包括從未工作和失去工作正尋找工作者)為1,145萬人,調查失業率為6.2%,相當於登記失業率的2倍。若再將下崗職工併入計算,則1998年城鎮真實失業人口測算為1,528萬人,真實失業率為6.9%。 其二是城鎮勞動力有相當部份是處於不充分就業(隱性失業)狀態。包括了企業等單位之冗員(富餘人員)、被迫(破產、停產)下崗職工、提前退休職工。據測算,目前大陸城鎮企業—主要是國有企業,隱性失業人口為3,207萬人,隱性失業率為15.1%。 綜上所述,失業造成人力資源的閑置(包括公開失業及隱性失業)達到了3,778萬人,人力閑置率為17.8%。另外,透過Okun’s law,可算出1998年真實失業率6.9%之下導致國民生產(GDP)的損失比重最高達到13%。失業問題可說是帶給中共當局及人民帶來極大的經濟負擔。 近年來,中共積極推動「再就業工程」政策,試圖照顧及安置失業和下崗職工再就業,實施以來,雖獲得相當之效果。不過,在執行過程中,由於存在來自政策、資金、社會及職工本身的許多障礙,使得效果大打折扣。基於此,提出擴大勞動力需求量、降低勞動力供給與健全勞動力市場三種途徑,配合社會保障制度之完善來解決大陸城鎮失業問題。 大陸政經環境變化一向牽動兩岸經貿的發展,蓋勞動面的因素(就業政策、工資結構和勞資糾紛秩序)更是台商投資大陸的關鍵動機,牽涉我國對兩岸互動政策的規劃。值此兩岸經貿愈趨頻繁之際,熟悉大陸城鎮勞動力就業現況與趨勢,乃是極為重要的課題之一。 / This essay is related to research the unemployment of labor force in urban areas of Mainland China after the reform in 1979. It includes urban’s labor resources, open unemployment, laid-off workers, supernumerary, disguised unemployment, labor utilized inadequately problems, and idleness as well as the economic analysis of GDP loss caused by these above problems. Human resource is the most important factor in economic developing process. Sufficiently utilizing human resource is not only the demand of social economy, but also that of labors’ existence and development. Human resource in urban areas of Mainland China is the steady rising trend so that the number of employed population archived 206,780,000 till the end of 1998, 29.6 percent of the total employed population. According to the request of sufficiently utilizing human resource, it is a quite gap, the existence of idleness in human resource, in urban areas of Mainland China. There are two main points detailed below: First, there are most unemployed population occurred in urban areas. From 1992, the registered unemployed people in urban areas still remain the rising trend. For example, the number of the registered unemployed people is 5,710,000 as well as the rate of the registered unemployed people is 3.1 percent in 1998. In addition, based on the outcome of the random sampling of one percent of people in 1995, the examined unemployed people in 1998 is 6.2 percent, equaled to twice of the registered unemployed rate. Thus, if calculated with laid-off workers, the number of the real unemployed population in urban areas in 1998 is approximately 15,280,000 and the real unemployment rate is 6.9 percent around. Secondly, there are fairly disguised unemployment happened in urban’s labor, included supernumerary, laid-off workers, and prematurely retired workers in enterprises. According to measure corporations in urban corporation of Mainland China, most is state-owned enterprise; the disguised unemployment is 32,070,000; the disguised unemployment rate is 15.1 percent. To summarize, the amount of the idleness of human resource caused by unemployment, included open and disguised ones, archives 37,780,000 and the rate of labor resources idleness is 17.8 percent. Moreover, the rate of GDP loss reached 13 percent under the real unemployed rate, 6.9 percent, in 1998 calculated by Okun’s law. Hence, the unemployed question brings the huge economic load for people and state of Mainland China. Recently, the state of Mainland China aggressively pushes “re-employment engineering“ policy. It tries to care and settle the unemployment and laid-off workers to re-employ in enterprise. Since accomplishing this policy, the outcome doesn’t very outstand obviously although it got some effects in fact, because there are many obstructions from policy, capital, society, and labors’ selves during the performing process. Consequently, this essay provides three ways, the expanding labor demand, the lowering labor supply, and establish labor market, to mach the social security system in order to perfectly solve the unemployed questions in urban areas of Mainland China. Any change of politic and economic environment must bring the development of cross-strait economy. Further, the factors from labor sides, such as the employed policy, the wage structure, and the strife discipline of labor relation, are main incentives of Formosan businessmen to invest in Mainland China since they are related to the cross-strait plan from Formosa to Mainland China. Thence, it’s one of the most courses to acquaint the current and trend of employed labors in urban areas of Mainland China upon the frequent cross-strait economy.
17

「草莓世代」的建構與想像 / Construction and Imagination of “Strawberry Generation”

邱楷恩, Chiu, Kai En Unknown Date (has links)
以出生年份所定義的七年級生,因其富庶卻又嚴苛的生存條件而與草莓族形象疊合,形成獨一無二的「草莓世代」。筆者身為七年級生的一員,關注此世代從無到有、經由比較與召喚所被建構的過程。首先將勾勒出七年級生的成長背景,討論他們何以繼釣魚台世代之後被指認,並試圖指出其歷史意義;其次蒐集七年級生在財經企管雜誌中的相關表述,並置於時空脈絡中探討其形象如何被建構,及背後的論述形構。世代的建構與定義方式,從曼海姆與蕭阿勤的自我定義與實踐,消費社會中以行銷為本、針對年輕族群所貼的標籤,到「草莓世代」的勞動主體建構,反映不同的命名邏輯與社會脈絡。本研究發現,草莓世代中的「生產力論述」中出現了工作倫理轉向,從生產者社會的全景敞視規訓,轉化為消費者社會中具備彈性與動能、隨時召喚認同的生命治理模式:由內而外進行勞動主體的調理與改造,使之內化此規訓法則,進而成為個體化社會中自負盈虧、高度彈性的理想勞動力。 / Youths born in 1980s (The Post-80s) were raised rich yet faced relatively crucial living status when grown up, and thus were defined as unique "strawberry generation." As part of the youths, I concern the process that how the generation emerged by comparison and interpellation. First of all, the article illustrates social background in the 1980s, discussing why the Post-80s were identified as “strawberry generation” after the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands generation, and then points out the historical meaning behind. Secondly, I collected essays about the Post-80s in business magazines, analyzing how their images were constructed and the discursive formulation in temporal context. The ways that generations were constructed and defined were shifting from the self-definition/practice that Mannheim and A-chin Hsiau have discussed, labels on youths in terms of marketing strategy of consumer society, to the construction of labor subjectivity among "strawberry generation." Furthermore, the evolution reflects different naming logic as well as social context. In this research, I discover that there has been a work ethic turn in the "productivity discourses" of strawberry generation. It turns from the panoptical discipline of producer society to the flexible/dynamic biopolitics that may call for identification in consumer society. In terms of the biopolitics, it manages to convert labor subjects from the inside out, making them internalize the discipline rules and thus become ideal labor force who takes his/her own responsibility with higher mobility.
18

以農企業公司方式擴大農場經營規模可行性之研究

鄭聰懿, Zheng, Cong-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
第一章緒論,說明本文研究動機、目的、研究方法、研究的範圍及有關名詞的定義。 第二章擴大農場經營規模的問題,首先瞭解土地改革後的農業發展及現況,其次闡明 大農場經營的理論,再就目前各種擴大農場經營規模的方法加以分析並歸納其問題, 然後探討農企業方式擴大規模的理論。 第三章工業區模式擴大農場規模的調查,調查宜蘭龍德及嘉義民雄兩工業區原農地被 征收之土地所有人之現況。就其徵收前後之生活,勞動力的就業,農業資產的運用與 轉換情況及其意願,對當地社會、經濟的影響情形加以分析。 第四章推行農企業公司之必要配合措施,就前章研究分析結果,探討財經政策、社會 政策、法令制度與修訂及行政上等各方面應如何配合。 第五章以農企業公司擴大農場經營規模之評估,分析推行農企業之預期效益,並探討 其可行笥。 第六章結論,提出本文研究的結果。
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求學作為勞動:一個學校教育的馬克思主義分析 / Schooling as Labor: A Marxist Analysis of Schooling

林柏儀, Lin, Por-Yee Unknown Date (has links)
本論文延伸英國馬克思主義教育理論者Glenn Rikowski提出之「學校教育生產勞動力」的「勞動力理論」,論述現代資本主義中學校教育與資本積累的關係,指出受學校教育作為創造「商品化勞動力使用價值」的關鍵機制,將促進剩餘價值生產。此過程具有生產使用價值、生產交換價值、操持、強制性等四項特性,本身就可視為是一種「勞動」來觀察。本論文將此過程稱為「求學勞動」,以馬克思主義對其進行分析,提出「求學勞動理論」。 本論文發現,基於資本主義下資本積累需求與勞動者之間的競爭壓力,求學勞動將是一種異化的強制性活動,且具有(1)提高僱傭勞動的「剩餘價值率」,及(2)教育增額工資日益減少甚至低於教育費用的「再生產不足」等兩重剝削機制,以促成剩餘價值生產,維持資本主義體制。 運用國家理論觀察,求學勞動的內涵在國家中介下,除了滿足不同的資本積累需求外,也須透過政治控制與社會整合以滿足社會正當性,是故在不同的社會條件和權力分布下,將有著變動的「開放空間」,也可能造成不同的「危機」。 而自馬克思主義相關成果分析求學勞動,本論文發現求學勞動的過程包含著「競爭排序」與「權威控制」,使得「意識型態」得以運作,促成異化求學勞動與僱傭勞動持續運行。而為了用以抵擋資本主義利潤率下降趨勢,求學勞動有著更加異化、競爭化、階層化、延長化、貶值化、新自由主義化等諸項趨勢,但也有著包含反體制運動、教育改革及階級鬥爭的「反趨勢」可能。 本論文也運用了理論成果,針對台灣的「升學競爭」與「高教擴張」之現象及成因進行分析。本論文認為台灣升學壓力的原因與資本積累需求及勞動力競爭壓力相關。僅透過「廣設公立高中大學」、「取消人力規劃與強制分流教育」等方法,不足以消解升學壓力,反而恐將延後、強化、轉移競爭壓力。除非教育改革能(1)去除資本需求與其對勞動力的影響,(2)促成平等化的階層結構,(3)使教育資源分配的平等化,才有可能改變升學競爭壓力的結構原因。而1990年代台灣的高教擴張政策,非但無法達到其宣稱的目標,反而傾向「教育私有化」政策,更鞏固了「公私雙元高教系統」,強化競爭與階級繁衍。 最後,本論文指出基於求學勞動與僱傭勞動之間具有抽象結構的共通性,隨著客觀情勢惡化與集體行動的努力,具有打造出「工學聯合」的共通階級意識基礎,以共同投入改革或革命實踐的可能。 / This dissertation was inspired by the Marxist educational theorist Glenn Rikowski’s “labor power theory”, seeing schooling as producing labor power for capitalism, to research the relationship between schooling and capitalism. From the Marxist point, I find that schooling is the key mechanism of producing commercial use-value of labor power, and will produce more surplus-value in the wage-labor process. I use Marxism to analysis schooling as a kind of labor, and naming it “schooling-labor” to propose a “schooling-labor theory”. Because capitalists chase higher profits for accumulation and labors compete with each other for education or working opportunities, the schooling-labor would be a forced and alienated activity, consists of two mechanisms of exploitation for capitalism: (1) improving the surplus-value rate, and (2) causing “insufficient reproduction”. The content of schooling-labor is mediated by the State to satisfy the accumulation of capital and social legitimation at the same time, so under different social elements and different distribution of power, there are “open spaces” to be mediated, and may result of different crises. I find that the competition and authoritative control in the process of schooling-labor make the ideology work to maintain the alienated schooling-labor and wage-labor. Moreover, for countervailing the tendency of “decreasing profit rate”, schooling-labor would turn into situations consist of alienation, competition, stratification, extension, and inflation; but however, there are also “counter-tendencies”, including anti-system movement, education reform, and class struggle. After all, I use the theory to analyze the phenomenon and cause of “competition for education opportunities” and “expansion of higher education” in Taiwan, and I find that the expanding higher education in Taiwan could not solve the problem of educational need and competition, but caused the privatization of education, the “public-private polarized higher education system”, and reproduction of class. Finally, the dissertation points out that because the uniformity between schooling-labor and wage-labor, the objective worse situation, and the power of collective actions, there are possibilities to manufacture the class consciousness of “students and workers” to engage in reform or revolution.

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