31 |
愉悅性嗅覺刺激對產品評價與資訊處理的影響 / The effects of pleasant scent stimulus on product evaluation and information process陳明怡 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要探討愉悅的嗅覺刺激對產品評價與資訊處理的影響。透過兩個子研究分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激各自的影響,以推敲可能性模型做為貫穿全文的主要理論模型,並從多元角色觀點與享樂權宜觀點建構整合模型。產品嗅覺刺激指與產品本身直接有關的氣味,過去在此議題上的研究缺口有二,分別為未考量區辨氣味與產品搭配適合性所需具備之動機,以及不同產品類型之調節效果,例如,氣味對於家用清潔品及保養品的診斷性及攸關性皆較高,但對於筆記型電腦、手機、手錶或隨身碟等產品之診斷價值較低。情境嗅覺刺激指存在於情境中但與被評估之標的產品無關的氣味,過去缺乏探討情境嗅覺刺激影響資訊處理模式之相關研究,但此議題無論對學術或實務都相當重要,因為許多研究人員皆不斷地想探索那些因素會影響人們的資訊處理模式。而且,行銷人員總是希望能藉由產品資訊說服消費者,尤其當不知名品牌的新產品問世時,更仰賴消費者對產品資訊的仔細處理而被說服,進而產生較佳評價。因此,若能進一步瞭解情境嗅覺刺激對資訊處理的影響,對行銷人員在氣味氛圍的營造與操作上,將可提供可參考的方向。
本論文透過兩個子研究並採用實驗法,分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激的影響。研究一又可分為兩個主題,主題一採3 (產品嗅覺刺激:無vs.適合性vs.不適合) * 2 (嗅覺刺激診斷性:高vs.低) *2 (涉入程度:高vs.低)之12組受測者間實驗設計。主題二為情境嗅覺刺激之前導研究,採3 (情境嗅覺刺激:無vs.適合性vs.不適合)之3組受測者間實驗設計。研究二採2 (情境嗅覺刺激的提供:有vs.無) * 2 (廣告訴求:享樂vs.功利) *2 (產品論點品質:強vs.弱)之8組受測者間實驗設計。
關於產品嗅覺刺激有三點重要發現,分別為:(1) 對低資訊處理涉入者來說,無論嗅覺刺激是否具診斷性,氣味愉悅性都是主要的影響因素,此時,產品嗅覺刺激乃為情感性角色,因任務結果對低資訊處理涉入者並不攸關且不感興趣,在這種情況下,其易採取週邊說服路徑,視產品嗅覺刺激為週邊線索,只要氣味具愉悅性,雖適合性不高,仍可提升產品評價。(2) 對高資訊處理涉入者來說,嗅覺刺激具診斷性時,產品嗅覺刺激主要扮演認知性角色,因任務結果對高涉入者為攸關且感興趣,在此情況下,其易採取中央說服路徑,視該氣味為攸關判斷的產品論點,所以會仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係,以決定搭配適合性,對於適合的嗅覺刺激評價會比不適合的佳,此時,嗅覺刺激適合性就類似於強弱產品論點的角色。(3) 當嗅覺刺激不具診斷性時,其認知性角色就會消失,此時,高資訊處理涉入者仍然採取中央說服路徑,但氣味已被視為與判斷無關的週邊線索,所以高涉入者並不會再仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係,適合與否也就不會產生差異,甚至高涉入者還會啟動修正機制,排除氣味愉悅性的影響。
在情境嗅覺刺激部份亦有四點重要發現,分別為:(1) 當愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時,會有助於增加知覺者的正向心情,進而增加消費者對情境標的產品之資訊處理程度並促進其採取中央資訊處理路徑,對於強勢論點品質之產品評價會優於弱勢論點。(2) 愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激也會改變消費者對不同產品資訊類型的偏重,即在資訊處理或編碼階段會對享樂資訊特別關注,因此,在事後對於享樂資訊的提取比率較高,上述效果在享樂廣告訴求下更為明顯。(3) 有愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時,會讓消費者對享樂訴求廣告之產品評價優於功利訴求。(4) 本研究進一步建構情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價之多元關係,結果發現當產品類型較偏功利性時,則情境嗅覺刺激會先經由引發好心情再增加資訊處理程度,最後才影響產品評價,其中正向心情與資訊處理程度在模式中都是部份中介的角色,當產品類型較偏享樂性時,則情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價就完全經由心情機制。 / This study adopts a multiple-role view from the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and hedonic contingency model to explore the influences of product scents and ambient scents. The product scents are scents that consumers smell directly from products. In the literature on product scents, there are no research studies considering the moderate role of product types and the motivation to recognize scents appropriately. Ambient scents are scents smelled that are unconnected to products. In the literature on ambient scents, there are no research studies considering how ambient scents can influence information processes. However, many scholars want to explore the factors that can influence information processes. Furthermore, a new product launch by an unknown brand can convince consumers depending on consumers’ careful processing of product information. Thus, this issue is very important to academic study and practice.
This study adopts two experiments that realize the effects of product scents and ambient scents separately. Study One can be divided into two parts. Part A adopts a 3 (product scents: none, fit, unfit) * 2 (involvement: high vs. low) * 2 (diagnostic of scents: high vs. low) between-subjects design. Part B is a pilot study of ambient scents that adopts a between-subjects design with 3 factors (ambient scents: none, fit, unfit). The Study Two adopts a 2 (ambient scents: yes vs. no) * 2 (advertisement appeal: hedonic vs. utilitarian) * 2 (argument quality: strong vs. weak) between-subjects design.
The results of Study One have three points: (1) for consumers with low involvement in tasks, whether scents are diagnostic for products or not, pleasant scents have significant effects. Because people who are involved in tasks at a low level and are not concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by peripheral routes and regard product scents as peripheral cues. Even though the scents do not fit with the products, they still can cause positive product evaluation depending on the nature of the pleasure. For people with low involvement in tasks, product scents mainly play an emotional role. (2) For people who are highly involved in tasks and really concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by central routes and regard product scents as arguments, especially when scents are diagnostic for products. For them, product scents not only play an emotional role but also a cognitive role. They will evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. A scent that fits with a product will cause a more positive product evaluation than a scent that does not fit a product. (3) For consumers who are highly involved in tasks, as scents are not diagnostic for products, the cognitive role will disappear. The scents are regarded irrelevant to product evaluation, so consumers do not evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. Whether a scent fits a product or does not is unimportant for them; furthermore, they will correct for and eliminate the effects of pleasant scents in product evaluation.
The results of Study Two have four points: (1) when pleasant ambient scents can be provided by marketers, they can cause a positive mood among perceivers and enhance the level of information processing toward the focal product within the context. Furthermore, pleasant ambient scents can encourage consumers to adopt central routes to process information. People will evaluate products with strong argument quality more positively than products with weak argument quality. (2) Pleasant ambient scents also draw people’s attention toward different information types. People will attend more to hedonic product information, especially with hedonic advertisement appeal. (3) A pleasant ambient scent that matches a hedonic advertisement appeal can cause a more positive product evaluation than a pleasant ambient scent that matches a utilitarian advertisement appeal. (4) For a utilitarian product type, the effects of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation will cause a positive mood and enhance the level of information processing. Mood and cognition play a partial mediation role. For a hedonic product type, the effect of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation is fully mediated by a positive mood.
|
32 |
廣告中動機訴求與說服路徑設計對廣告效果之影響 / The Advertising Effect of Motivate Appeal and ELM Route Design陳佩珊, Chen, Pei-Shan Unknown Date (has links)
「推敲可能性模式」中提到的「動機」因素,指的是個人產生的動機強弱;但若從心理學的觀點出發,我們可在動機心理學的相關文獻中發現:動機的種類所帶來的不同程度影響,則是非常重要的。因此,本研究希望把「推敲可能性模式」中的「動機」因素做延伸、補充,探討不同種類的動機因素如何影響廣告效果。期待能為「推敲可能性模式」帶來嶄新的討論空間。
以往在學術研究中,廣告效果的相關研究多從產品類別、廣告音樂、一般廣告訴求(理性訴求、感性訴求、性訴求、幽默訴求或恐懼訴求等)或消費者的人格特質與涉入程度等來探究廣告效果。事實上研究者認為:廣告效果更應與廣告訊息內容的呈現息息相關。廣告中呈現不同的需求或慾望刺激,是否使得廣告的說服效果產生差異?這樣的問題意識正好可以與上述關於「推敲可能性模式」的討論相呼應,研究者期望藉由這樣初探性的實證研究,瞭解廣告訊息中隱含的動機需求對廣告說服效果的影響。
從Maslow提出的觀點,我們可以說,各種需求之間,有先後順序與高低層次之分別,人類與生俱來的匱乏需求必須先被滿足,但Maslow提醒人們不要過於拘泥看待每一需求的順序;況且,這個社會中有許多人,他們絕大多數的匱乏需求大多得到了滿足(莊耀嘉,1990);Maslow更指出,隨著需求階層的上升,受到滿足的人數百分比是逐漸減少的(彭運石,2001)。以台灣目前的物質水準來說,大多數的人多半是處在匱乏需求已獲得某種程度的滿足、正轉而追求更高層次之理想實現的情況。
依此推論,多數人在面對「匱乏訴求」取向的廣告訊息時,符合「資訊處理節省原理」(Haines,1974)的論點,消費者產生的深思可能性較低;在面對「存在訴求」取向的廣告訊息時,則符合「認知反應理論」之觀點,所產生的深思可能性較高。又根據「推敲可能性模式」(ELM):當深思可能性高,中央路徑的說服特別有效;當深思可能性低時,邊陲路徑的說服效果較佳。因此,本研究衍生推論:消費者面對「生理層面匱乏訴求」的訊息時,因廣告刺激的是匱乏需求,在深思可能性較低的情況下,採用邊陲路徑說服方式之效果較佳。消費者面對「心理層面匱乏訴求」的訊息,因廣告刺激的是匱乏需求,同樣也是深思可能性較低的情況下,採用邊陲路徑說服方式之效果也較佳。相較之下,消費者面對「存在訴求」取向的訊息時,深思可能性較高,若配合中央路徑的說服方式,應有較佳效果。
研究結果分為兩大部分:主要自變項與依變項之因果關係假設檢驗、動機訴求類別與資訊路徑之關係討論。本研究主要探討動機訴求之廣告類別,在不同路徑之設計之下,所導致的廣告效果差異。統計方法上主要應用單因子變異數分析(ANOVA)與簡單線性迴歸分析(Simple Linear Regression)。檢定研究中主要自變項:中央、邊陲路徑訊息設計方式,在五個依變項:整體注意力、對主要訊息的理解度、對主要訊息的記憶度、對廣告的態度及對品牌的態度等的差異情況。
|
33 |
刑事判決中教化可能性的生物醫學模式之探討 / The potential biomedical model in determining the possibility of rehabilitation and education in criminals.林芳瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
本文藉由探討刑罰的目的理論以及目前世界各國的死刑政策、量刑制度,以檢視我國目前的死刑政策。而近年來最高法院判決大量援引「公民與政治權利國際公約」,藉由整理我國最高法院近年來的有關死刑量刑方面的見解,包括精神障礙者是否得以科處死刑、教化可能性概念的提出,並有加入學者們對於這幾個概念的其他見解,檢視「教化可能性」這個詞的實際意涵。
從科學家的許多實驗中,發現腦與心智科學實際上真能影響人類的行為,本文透過介紹大腦結構、神經控制的機制,以及犯罪學家在衝動型暴力青少年犯罪者的實驗,提出腦波的變化可能可以作為刑事判決中「教化可能性」的客觀參考,藉不同時點對於犯罪行為人的腦波觀察,了解其衝動行為是否已獲得控制,期許建立可能預測再犯罪率、判斷教化可能的生物醫學模式。
|
34 |
線上廣告訴求與認知需求對消費者購買決策的影響 / Effects of Online Advertising Appeal and Cognitive Need on Consumer’s Purchase Decision張杰 Unknown Date (has links)
現今社群媒體已經是人們生活的一大部分,而網路提供了更容易與消費者接觸的平台給廠商呈現其廣告訴求,廣告訴求是一種策略,利用其所呈現的訴求說服消費者作出購買決策,或是改變消費者對於品牌的態度。本研究探討廣告內容的訊息訴求對於消費者購買決策的影響,並利用推敲可能性模型分析消費者的決策路徑。
因為先前針對推敲可能性模型的決策路徑主要都是以推論為主,本研究設計了一個測量中央及邊陲路徑的問卷,藉此了解受測者實際感受到的決策路徑。而整體的問卷透過一個網路實驗收集資料,結果發現廣告訴求對思考路徑有顯著的關係,理性的廣告訴求會使消費者傾向於使用中央路徑;感性的廣告訴求則會使消費者傾向於使用邊陲路徑,而認知需求會對這個關係有交互作用的影響。同時也發現思考路徑對於購買意願會有顯著影響,不同的產品類型會對於這個關係有交互作用的影響。 / Social media and the Internet are inseparable elements of modern human life. Online advertising becomes a popular method for vendors to access their consumers. Advertising appeals are important in attracting consumers’ attention of products and services. In this study, we investigate the effect of online advertising appeals on consumer’s purchase decision using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) that proposes a central-peripheral dual-route persuasion mechanism. We designed an instrument to measure the perceived route in decision processes and applied it in an online experiment to examine how different appeals affect the central and peripheral routes in consumers’ decision processes. The results indicate that advertising appeals have significant effect on decision routes. Cognitive needs are found to have interaction effects. Decision through different routes also have significant effect on consumers’ decision, while product types have moderation effects.
|
35 |
以推敲可能性理論探討軟體專案承諾升級 / Escalation of Commitment in Software Projects: An Elaboration Likelihood Model Perspective張菀庭, Chang, Wan-Ting Unknown Date (has links)
軟體專案承諾升級現象發生時,可能會造成更多資源成本的投入,若投入更多的資源,而專案依然失敗,則會造成更多的浪費,是企業界最不希望看到的情形。本研究利用推敲可能性理論探討此現象,了解不同的說服方式如何影響受測者的決策過程。根據遇到專案的狀況,依照訊息訴求分成理性訴求與感性訴求的敘述方式,加入框架效應 (正向/負向) 以及訊息強度 (低/中/高) 兩變數,以自我責任作為調節變項進行探討,研究在不同情況敘述下,決策制定者接收專案訊息描述後其決策過程中的推敲可能性,以及推敲可能性與決策之間的關係。
研究發現如下:
1. 單一效果影響下,訊息強度中比起其他兩個強度較容易引起訊息接收者運用中央路徑思考。
2. 訊息訴求、訊息框架以及訊息強度會交互影響受測者推敲可能性,在正向框架下,訊息訴求與訊息強度對訊息接收者運用中央路徑做決策有顯著的交互作用。
3. 在訊息強度中與強的情況下訊息訴求與訊息框架對訊息接收者運用中央路徑做決策有顯著的交互作用。
4. 在感性訴求、正向框架與訊息強度強的訊息描述下,訊息接收者運用中央路徑思考時,較不容易做出承諾升級的決定。
5. 在自我責任調節下,則是感性訴求、負向框架與訊息強度弱的訊息描述,會引起訊息接收者運用中央路徑思考時,較不容易做出專案繼續的決策。 / Escalation of commitment is common in software project development. There are a few theories that have been used to explain this behavior, including the framing effect and self-responsibility. This study investigates the issue from the dual-path elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to examine how different persuasion routes may play roles in the decision process. An experiment was designed to study the effect of different descriptions of project status that may lead to different decision routes (central versus peripheral routes). The experiment design includes message appealing (rational vs emotional appealing), message strength (strong, medium and weak), and framing (positive vs. negative) as main variables and the responsibility as a moderator. The
subject was asked to decide whether s/he would continue the project under a given scenario. Our results includes the following:
1. Message appealing, message framing, and message strength have significant interaction effect on the subject’s decision routes;
2. In positive framing, message appealing and strength has significant interaction effect on the use of the central route;
3. When message strength is medium or strong, message appealing and framing has significant interaction effect on the use of the central route;
4. Regarding to decision escalation, the likelihood of escalation is lower when the decision route is central (thinking) under the emotional appealing, positive framing, and strong message;
5. The likelihood of escalation is lower when the decision route is central under the emotional appealing, negative framing, and weak message description.
|
36 |
以推敲可能性模式探討影響評論幫助性之因素 / Factors Affecting Review Helpfulness : An Elaboration Likelihood Model Perspective熊耿得, Hsiung, Keng-Te Unknown Date (has links)
在電子商務中,評論會影響消費者的購買決策,透過評論幫助性可以篩選出關鍵的評論,以利消費者進行決策。本研究以推敲可能性模式作為研究架構,透過文字探勘挖掘評論的文本特性來探討影響幫助性之要素,中央線索除了評論長度與可讀性外,利用LDA主題模型衡量評論主題廣度;周邊線索則是透過環狀情緒模型進行情感分析,並透過評論者排名來衡量來源可信度,利用亞馬遜商店中的資料進行驗證分析。結果發現,消費者在判斷評論幫助性時,會參考中央以及周邊線索。具備高論點品質的中央線索將有效提升評論幫助性;周邊線索整體而言,證實了社會中存在負向偏誤,具備喚起度的負向情感較容易提升評論幫助性,而評論是否被認為有幫助確實會受到評論者的排名所影響。進階分析結果顯示,周邊的情感效果會受到評論者排名高低的影響,前段評論者應保持中立避免帶有個人情緒;中段評論者的評論幫助性會隨著情緒喚起度而增加;後段評論者則需要增加自身的負向情感,才能夠對於評論幫助性有正向影響。 / Online reviews are important factors in consumers’ purchase decision. The helpfulness of reviews allows consumers to quickly identify useful reviews. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of online reviews that affect their helpfulness through the lens of the elaboration likelihood model. For the central cues, we adopt latent dirichlet allocation to measure review breadth in addition to review length and review readability. For the peripheral cues, we use the sentiment analysis based on the circumplex model to catch the emotion effect and use the ranking of the reviewers to measure the source credibility. We used a dataset collected from Amazon.com to evaluate our model. The result suggests that consumers focus both central and peripheral cues when they read reviews. Consumers care about the length, breadth and readability of reviews associated with the central route, and the emotional effects associated with the peripheral route. In the advanced research, we split our sample into 3 groups by their ranking of the reviewers. We found that the top reviewers should keep neutral and avoid personal feelings to make their reviews more helpful; the middle reviewers can use more arousal words to improve their review helpfulness; the bottom reviewers must increase their emotional valence strength, especially the negative emotion to higher the perceived review helpfulness.
|
37 |
政策デザインによるウィキッド・プロブレムへの対処戦略――公共政策の合理性と受容可能性はいかに両立しうるか――奥田, 恒 25 March 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21872号 / 人博第901号 / 新制||人||215(附属図書館) / 2018||人博||901(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐野 亘, 教授 浅野 耕太, 教授 那須 耕介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
|
38 |
数学における概念拡張の二つの様式八杉, 滿利子 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第17995号 / 文博第632号 / 新制||文||598(附属図書館) / 30853 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科思想文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 邦武, 教授 伊藤 和行, 准教授 出口 康夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DFAM
|
39 |
刑法における結果回避可能性林, 琬珊 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第18747号 / 法博第178号 / 新制||法||151(附属図書館) / 31698 / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 髙山 佳奈子, 教授 塩見 淳, 教授 安田 拓人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DGAM
|
40 |
農村地域における小規模水道管理の持続可能性に関する研究 -日本,フィリピン,インドの住民管理を事例として-松本, 京子 24 September 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19344号 / 地環博第137号 / 新制||地環||28(附属図書館) / 32346 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 星野 敏, 教授 ショウ ラジブ, 准教授 橋本 禅 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
|
Page generated in 0.0144 seconds