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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣國小學童指稱式溝通行為表現之研究 / A study of the performance of elementary school children's referential communication in Taiwan

楊玉櫻, Yang, Yu-Ying Unknown Date (has links)
本論文利用實驗設計研究台灣國小二年級和五年級學童指稱式溝通行為表現。結果發現五年級學童在描述指稱物時,語句傳達較充份的訊息以區別其它非指稱物。且在指稱過程中,說話者和聽者經由交談互動共同提供訊息。說話者除了描述指稱物外,會詢問聽者是否了解他的描述,聽者除了回應說話者外,亦能在說話者無法提供充份訊息時,提出適當的問題誘出缺乏的訊息。二年級學童由於受到自我為中心的認知結構和溝通技巧尚未成熟的影響,他們的指稱語句較無法傳達充份的訊息。在指稱過程中,說話者和聽者互動較少。說話者不會詢問聽者是否了解他的描述。當說話者的訊息不充份時,聽者沒有反應或是無法提出適當的問題誘出缺乏的訊息。訊息來源大部份來自說話者,說話者自己的獨自很多。 / The thesis is to study the performance of elementary school children's referential communication in Taiwan. The second - and fifth - graders are engaged in a designed experiment. The older children' a referential phrases are found to convey more adequate information to distinguish the target referent from the other nonreferents. Both the speaker and the listener collaborate and contribute to the information adequacy. During the referential process, the speaker queries the listener's understanding of his referential description. The listener responds to the speaker's queries and requests for clarification to elicit information adequacy. Most of the referential processes are accomplished with more than two turns. Because of the egocentric cognitive structure and less developed communication skills, the younger children's referential phrases convey less adequate information. They tend to focus on the target referent without comparing it with the other nonreferents. They adopt an individual approach during the referential process. The speaker concentrates on describing the referent without querying the listener's u nderstanding. The listener concentrates on listening. When the speaker fails to provide adequate information, the listener neither requests for clarification nor knows how to propose appropriate clarification requests to elicit information adequacy. The speaker provides most the information and lots of monologues are observed.
2

探討澳門高小學生學習態度之情況、相關因素及與學業成就的關係 / Study on the learning attitude, related factors and its relation with academic achievement of senior primary students in Macao

劉愷璇 January 2004 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Education
3

空氣污染之反應函數與損害成本--台北市學童之實證分析

胡玉蕙, HU, YU-HUI Unknown Date (has links)
第一章 緒論 第一節 研究方法與本文架構 第二章 理論基礎及前人研究 第一節 空氣污染對人體健康之影響 第二節 人體健康受空氣污染之損害成本評估 第三章 實證模型 第一節 資料之特性-被解釋變數為count data 第二節 count data計量模型之遞邅 第三節 本文採用之模型 第四章 台北市學童之實證分析 第一節 反應函數之估計結果分析 第二節 損害成本之評估 第五章 結論 第一節 本文限制 第二節 未來展望 內容說明: 由於經濟成長伴隨著人口增加及都市化,都市中空氣污染情形日益嚴重,為求最適之 污染水準,必須使污染之損害成本與防制成本之和最小,本文研究重點放在損害成本 之估計上。 污染損害成本之估計過程:步驟一,求出污染源之污染排出量以及大氣之擴散速度; 步驟二,人體對於污染物的反應程度;步驟三,人體對於污染所造成之貨幣損失,本 文以估計出污染的反應函數與損害成本為目的。 本文貢獻: 在估計空氣污染對人體健康之影響時,考慮資料為非負整數之特性,在計量模型上有 所修正,並以台北市學童受空氣污染而罹患氣喘病之資料抽樣估計,評估其因罹病而 遭受的貨幣損失。
4

網路世代學童之價值觀與網路社會化學習機制參與之關聯性分析-以大台北地區國小五、六年級學童為例 / A study on the relationship between personal values and internet socialization mechanism-A case of grade five and six elementary school students in greater Taipei

馬振剛 Unknown Date (has links)
根據調查指出,台灣12歲以下的人口上網率已達61%以上,平均三位學童就有兩位曾經使用過網路,足見網路在青少年族群中的滲透力。這些「網路世代」的孩子們在自我概念、人格發展與社會關係,也深受網路的影響,不同於過往世代的成長經驗。 此一新興媒體的影響力,在他們的身上表現的最為明顯。然而,網路是一個多元卻也複雜的媒體。而此時正是兒童價值觀與人格形塑的重要時期,其心智未成熟,無法判斷網路內容與行為的正確性。因此,本研究欲探討網路使用與網路社群關係對此階段的兒童在價觀上的相關影響,並得到結論如下:一、人口背景變項對於學童價值觀的影響力有限;二、自我意向與兒童價值觀具有相當程度之關連;三、網路社會化學習機制的參與,對於兒童價值觀具有影響力。 / Based on survey, the average rate of internet use of those who under 12 years old is beyond 61%.It is obvious that internet has great impact on self concept, personality development and social relation of this "Net generation".They have different experience from other generations. However, internet is a emerging media of variety and complexity. And this is an important period of child personal value developing and personality shaping. Their immature mind may not determine the correctness of internet content and behavior.Consequently, this study examined how internet usage and virtual community affect personal value.
5

「孩子的書屋」對偏鄉弱勢兒童的意義 —孩童角度的觀點 / The Meaning of “Kid’s Bookhouse” to Underprivileged Children in Rural Areas — from the Perspective of Children

蔡羽筑, Tsai, Yu Chu Unknown Date (has links)
近年來教育部為了秉持弱勢關懷的精神,推動不同形式的課後輔導計畫,目的就是為了落實弱勢學童的教育輔導。相較於以往的課後輔導多以成人的需求去安排學習,但成效往往不佳,不禁讓研究者去思考:「什麼樣的教育才是弱勢學童所需要的?」因此,本研究選取此位於偏鄉的課後輔導機構「孩子的書屋」作為研究的個案,從國中生的角度,藉由訪談的方式,輔以田野札記、省思紀錄及文件資料等工具,試圖進行資料中種種現象的理解與意義的建構,分別呈現四位國中生的研究結果及綜合討論,得到的研究結論如下: 一、課業需求方面 (一)書屋的教師能針對孩子的學習困境與程度,以淺顯易懂的輔導方式提供孩子所需的補救教學;同時,師生雙向互動的教學法,讓孩子勇於在課堂中表達自己的想法。 (二)書屋教師因師資不足時而採用電腦輔助的教學方式,導致孩子在面臨學習困境時,無法及時向教師尋求協助。 二、興趣需求方面 (一)書屋從「孩子能力」而非「課業」的角度來發展課後學習活動,並試圖理解孩子的主體需求,協助其進行生涯探索。 (二)孩子在音樂會、單車訓練以及各種學習課程體驗中重新賦予自我定位的角色,找回對自己的認同與自信。 (三)非強制性的課後學習活動,讓孩子在選擇上擁有較多的自主權。 三、在生理需求方面,書屋具有生活照顧的機能,提供晚餐、親職照顧、個人衛生清潔的教導,關注孩子的生理需求。 四、心理需求方面 (一)書屋營造的安全環境以及師生關係的正向經營,讓書屋教師和孩子的互動關係上,分別扮演教師、談心的朋友以及家人三種角色,藉由同理學生的情緒與學習狀態,有助於孩子的心理需求得到即時的關注。 (二)家長和孩子對書屋的認知不同,家長則視書屋為課業補救輔導的場所;孩子卻認為書屋主要為興趣發展、娛樂、社交的場所。面臨親子之間對書屋的認知衝突,書屋扮演孩子親子溝通的橋樑,協助改善親子關係。 五、在社會需求方面,藉由與同儕的互動關係,讓孩子在書屋找到歸屬感;然而,國中同儕大量流失的問題會間接影響孩子來書屋的意願、人際互動的模式。 六、影響四位書屋國中生書屋意義建構的相關原因,是起因於孩子本身、隱藏在背後的複雜家庭狀況以及學校部分。其中,在個人層面為學童本身的個性、學習態度及人際關係不佳;在家庭層面為家庭型態、家長教育期望及親子互動關係;在學校層面為教師的教學方式與態度、上課所造成的疲憊、學生的分類、師生互動關係。 最後,依照研究結果,研究者針對課後輔導的機構以及後續研究給予建議。 / Recently, in order to be based on the spirit of caring for the under-priviledged minority, Ministry of Education promoted vary forms of after-school programs. The purpose of the program was to carry out education guidance of under-priviledged children. But after-school programs which were designed from the adults’ perspectives to arrange the learning in the past, the results were not as well as they expected .The researcher started to think: “ What kinds of education was needed for these under-priviledged children? “ Therefore, this study took “ Kid’s Bookhouse ” as an case. From the perspective of junior high school students, the study was carried out mainly by interviews and proved by field note, reflection journal and documents to explain these phenomena from the field, reconstruct these information and meaning. The results of the four junior high school students were presented as a comprehensive discussion. The resulting conclusions are showed as following: 1. In terms of school work needs: (1) The teachers in the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” could provide different teaching strategies that depend to the different learning difficulties of the child. Meanwhile, children could express their ideas easily in the classroom by two-way teacher-student communication. (2) Because the number of the faculty was decreasing, the teacher in the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” used the computer-assisted instruction. It led the child to be unable to seek help from teachers when she faced the learning difficulties. 2. In terms of interesting needs: (1) Instead of "homework finishing" ,the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” developed after-school program from the children’s ability and understand their needs to explore careers. (2) Children found their own identity and self-confidence in variety programs: concert, bicycling training courses and so on . (3) Non-mandatory after-school learning activities made children have more autonomy in choice. 3. In terms of interesting needs, the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” had a life care function, provided dinner, parenting care, personal hygiene teachings and physical needs of the child. 4. In terms of psychological needs: (1) To create a secure environment and a positive attitude of teacher-student relationship in the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” , teachers played three roles : a heart-to-heart talking as a friend, interaction as family and the teacher. By understanding student's emotional state and learning, it paid immediate attention to help the child's psychological needs. (2) Parents and children had different standpoints of the “Kid’s Bookhouse”. The parents took the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” as a place to remedy schoolwork, but children tought the “Kid’s Bookhouse” as a place to develop hobbys, engaged in recreation and promoted social skill. Faced with cognitive conflict between parents and children to the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” , the teacher played a role of communication bridge between parents and children to improving parent-child relationship. 5. In terms of social needs, by interaction with peers, the children found a sense of belonging in the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” . However, the huge decreasing of student indirectly affected the desire of child to come to there and their interpersonal patterns. 6. Related factors affecting four children in the “ Kid’s Bookhouse” were due to the child itself, hidden behind a complex family and school condition: (1) At the individual level was for children's own personality, learning attitude and poor relationships. (2) At the household level was for family patterns, parental expectations and the interaction between parent-child education. (3) At the school level was for teachers teaching methods and attitudes, school fatigue caused by classification of students, teacher-student interaction. Finally, in accordance with the findings, the researcher gave advice for after-school tutoring agency and following-up studies.
6

國小學童解決親子衝突的研究

徐萍, XU,PING Unknown Date (has links)
親子間的衝突是一種特殊的人際衝突,因為親子間的地位並不一定平等,而且通常是子女處於劣勢。這種不平等地位可能造成親子衝突,影響衝突解決的方法。 D'Zurilla & Goldfried(1971) 提出「解決人際問題的認知思考模式」,認為解決衝突的階段共有五個:問題導向、澄清問題、形成假設、決策、付諸行動和驗證。每一階段包含有不同的要點,若遵守這些要點將可提高解決人際問題的效果。而解決人際問題的能力也可經由訓練穫得改善。 但是,D'Zurilla 等人並未針對一般人在日常生活中,解決人際問題時究竟是否應用這些要點一事進行驗証。過去的研究也沒有探討年齡對解決人際問題過程的影響。 針對以上所提的問題和缺憾,本研究所要探討的主要問題在於探討一、五年級學生解決親子衝突時,(1) 在「問題導向」階段感到無法解決須服從的人數是否有差異?(2) 「澄清問題」的能力是否有差異?(3) 在「形成假設」階段可暫緩評估而儘量先想方法的人數是否有差異?(4) 在「決策」階段的評估能力是否有差異? 本研究以台北市木柵、武功國小一、五年級共120 位學生為研究對象,採結構式晤談收集資料。主要結果如下: (1) 有41.25%的學生有能力自行澄清問題,24.2% 的學生需要協助組織,11.7% 需要練習,22.9% 經過練習仍無法澄清問題,且五年級學生的表現顯著優於一年級(p<01); (2) 有83.75%的學生認為有方法可以解決衝突狀況,6.65%經練習後可想出解決方法,9.6% 堅持無計可施,且一年級認為無計可施的人數顯著多於一年級(p<01); (3) 63.35%的學生可暫緩評估而儘量先想方法,32.95%認為先想一個方法試試看有沒有效,3.75% 無法回答此問題,且五年級可暫緩評估而儘量先想方法的學生人數顯助多於一年級(p<05); (4)受試者所想出的棗略可分為:服從(趕快吃╱整理)、使東西消失、請他人協助、放棄活動、裝病、給動物吃(故事一)、騙媽媽整理好了(故事二)、其他種類。 (5)97.5%的學生有評估解決方法的能力,且無年齡差異。 (6)評估的標準有可能導致的結果、道德訴求、策略的可行性等三類,一、五年級並無差異; (7)一年級有35%、五年級有52.5%的受試者選擇服從,但並無顯著差異。 文中並針對研究結果進行討論和建議。
7

國小學童對職業角色的認識與接觸大眾媒介的關係性

鄭植榮, Zheng, Zhi-Rong Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要是探討大眾媒介是否有助於學童對職業角色的認識。以十種職業角色; 警察、雜貨店老板、新聞記者、法官、礦工、理髮師、醫生、畫家、歌星、教師為 研究對象。採集體測驗法。樣本是五百二十四名國小六年級學童。 本論文共壹冊。分五章十三節。約三萬餘字。 第一章:緒論。第一節:大眾媒介與社會化;第二節:大眾媒介與職業角色的學習 ;第三節:研究的問題與假說。 第二章:研究方法。第一節:預試;第二節:抽樣;第三節:問卷設計。 第三章:有關樣本一些基本特徵的描述。第一節:樣本的基本特徵;第二節:對各 種職業角色的尊敬程度;第三節:對各種理想職業角色的評量方式。 第四章:對各種職業角色的尊敬程度。第一節:對各種職業角色尊敬程度的變異量 分析;第二節:對各種職業角色評量方式的變異量分析。 第五章:討論及建議。第一節:本研究的限制及未來的展望;第二節建議。
8

台南市國小高年級學童英語補習經驗與英語學習態度之研究 / A Study of Cram School Learning Experience and English Learning Attitude of Tainan City Fifth and Sixth Graders

羅淑媛, Luo, Shu-Yuan January 1900 (has links)
本研究旨在瞭解台南市國小高年級學童英語補習現況與英語補習經驗及其英語學習態度。以台南市公立國小高年級學童為研究對象,進行叢集抽樣,抽取15所學校,30個班級為樣本,以研究者自行編製的「台南市國小高年級學童英語學習態度問卷」為研究工具,採問卷調查法取得443份有效問卷,將所得資料以描述統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析。獲致本研究結果如下: 一、 台南市國小高年級有七成學童參加英語補習,補習年數以3-4年者最多; 每週補習英語的時數,以4小時以下者最多;學童參加英語補習最主要的動機,以升學與課業需求者最多。 二、 台南市國小高年級學童在一般英語學習態度、學校英語課程學習態度、英語補習課程學習態度為普通偏中上。 三、不同性別之學童在英語學習態度上部分有顯著差異,女學童優於男學童。 四、不同主要照顧者之家長教育程度之學童在英語學習態度的三層面均未有顯著差異。 五、不同英語補習年數之學童,僅在對學校英語課程的看法有顯著差異,補習年數1-2 年者優於3-4年及7年以上者。 六、每週英語補習時數不同之學童在一般英語學習態度有顯著差異;學校英語課程的學 習態度則未有顯著差異;英語補習課程學習態度部分有顯著差異,每週英語補習時 數5小時以上者優於於4小時以下者。 七、不同英語補習動機之學童在一般英語學習態度、英語補習課程的學習態度有 顯著差異,學校英語課程的學習態度部分有顯著差異,英語補習動機為自己 興趣者優於於其他英語補習動機。 / This study aims to understand English cram status quo. cram school learning experience and English learning attitude of the fifth and sixth graders in Tainan City. Totally 443 participants are selected from the fifth and sixth graders in Tainan City. The data are analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test and one way ANOVA. The major research findings are as follows: 1.Seventy percent of elementary high graders in Tainan City go to English cram schools, and most of them go there at least three to four years. Besides, most of them take English lessons everyweek under four hours. The main motivation is to enter a higher school and have better academic performance. 2. High graders students’ English learning attitude are above the average. 3. Different high graders genders have partly different attitude. Female students are better than male ones. 4. High graders with different primary caregivers of education have no significant difference on three levels. 5. High graders with different attending cram school years have significant difference partly. One to two English learning years are better than those with three to four years and more than seven years. 6. High graders with different English learning hours every week on general English learning attitude have significant differences.Students who learn English in cram school for more than five hours are better than students who learn English in cram school for less than four hours. 7. Significant difference of different motivations were found among general English learning attitude and English courses of going to cram schools. High graders with different motivation on the English courses have significant differences partly. Students who are interested in going to cram school get better grades than the other motivations. / 摘要 i Abstract ii 致 謝 iii 目 次 iv 表 次 vi 圖 次 vii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與研究問題 5 第三節 名詞釋義 5 第四節 研究範圍與限制 6 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 國小英語教學與英語補習的現況 9 第二節 英語學習態度 22 第三節 英語補習經驗與英語學習態度 27 第四節 英語學習態度的相關研究 37 第三章 研究方法 45 第一節 研究架構 45 第三節 研究工具 47 第四節 研究步驟 57 第五節 資料處理與分析 58 第四章 研究結果與討論 61 第一節 受試學童基本資料、參加英語補習經驗與英語學習態度之分析 61 第二節 不同背景變項的學童在英語學習態度的差異分析 65 第三節 不同英語補習經驗之學童的英語學習態度之差異分析 69 第四節 綜合討論 78 第五章 結論與建議 83 第一節 結論 83 第二節 建議 84 參考文獻 86 附錄一 96 附錄二 100
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國小閱讀推廣活動現況與學生參與滿意度之研究:以桃園縣國民小學為例 / The study of reading promotion activities and students satisfaction in the elementary schools of Taoyuan County

陳淑怡, Chen, Shu Yi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的即在探討桃園縣閱讀特色學校閱讀推廣與學生參與現況,並瞭解學生對活動之滿意度情形,透過對縣內八所閱讀特色國小之圖書館負責人進行訪談調查,瞭解其校內推廣閱讀活動之現況,並以問卷調查探討各校高年級學生之活動參與及滿意度情形。 經調查顯示,在推廣現況方面,桃園縣各校在政府大筆挹注經費、校長理念支持及老師的凝聚共識之下,不但館藏量獲得大量提升,更能與校外機構進行初步的合作,積極推廣閱讀活動,然而專業人力不足、無固定購書經費、教師閱讀指導能力與教學時間不足、家長配合意願偏低、館藏空間不足等問題,仍是閱讀活動推行多年後,各校所面臨的困境與問題。 在學生參與現況方面,大多數的學童較喜愛參與閱讀活動,其中對動態閱讀活動的喜好程度較高。逾半數學童參與原因為自己想參加,然仍有逾四成的學生,參與閱讀活動時處於被動狀態,需他人從旁鼓勵;學童參與閱讀活動的動機大多以內在動機為主,顯見大多數學生能覺知閱讀的重要性;而學到新知識、增進語文能力和學會閱讀技巧或方法,是國小學童認為參與活動後對自己最大的影響。經差異分析發現,女生的參與意願及參與動機明顯高於男生;而五年級之參與意願則明顯高於六年級。 在活動滿意度方面,學生對於活動宣傳方式及獎勵方式的滿意度最高,對於活動類型的滿意度最低,而差異分析發現,對於閱讀活動之滿意度,女生明顯高於男生,五年級學生高於六年級學生。 由研究結果歸納建義,在教育相關單位方面,應鼓勵校長成為閱讀推廣人才,設置專業圖書館主任,擬定館藏發展政策,以提高國小圖書館服務層級,並建立各校閱讀資源共享機制;在學校方面,應以長遠的眼光持續推廣兒童閱讀活動,組織閱讀教師專業社群,制訂閱讀活動評鑑制度,並持續推廣社區閱讀,最後,應加強與公共圖書館建立合作機制,以整合閱讀推廣之相關資源。 / The purpose of this research is to have a general review of Certified Reading Featured Schools. Interviews of librarians from 8 schools have been conducted as well as questionnaires to investigate higher graders involvement in the reading program of each school. The result shows prominent improvement in regards of the quantity of books due to large substantial funds from the government plus various in-campus reading schemes However, challenges are still there. The lack of professional librarian and regular funds for book purchasing, insufficient professional knowledge in reading instruction and teaching hours, lack of room and low commitment from parents are common problems faced by these schools. In regards to the students’ participation, most children enjoy reading activities and statistics shows prominent engagement in dynamic reading activity. More than half of the children engaged in such activities on their own wish but there are still more than 40% of students need adult guidance and encouragement. Generally students acknowledge the importance of reading as statistics show intrinsic motivations are prevalent among these participants. These elementary students express their great improvement over acquiring new knowledge, language proficiency and reading strategies after taking part of various reading schemes. The study also shows that girls’ engagement and motivation are prominently higher than boys. 5th graders involvement is higher than 6th graders. In regards to the feedback from students, scheme marketing strategy and rewarding system are on the top of the satisfactory criteria. The variety of activity, however, is at the bottom of the rank. Girls are prone to be happier in the activities than boys. 5th graders are more satisfied than the 6th graders. In conclusion, the study suggests following improving strategies to in-campus reading schemes. First of all, principals should be trained as the key advocators of reading. Professional librarian should be installed to develop and organize in-campus reading schemes. As for the professional development, a network of teaching reading should be set up to promote sustainable reading schemes and assessment of such activities. Strengthen cooperation with public libraries is also recommended to integrate community-based resources.
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國小資優兒童與普通兒童在家庭社經背景與父母管教態度上的差異

郭素蘭, GUO, SU-LAN Unknown Date (has links)
各章內容如下: 第一章 緒 論 (一)闡述本研究的研究動機、目的及提出研究假設。 (二)重要名詞的操作定義。 第二章 文獻探討 (一)探討資優學童的行為特徵。 (二)探討資優兒童與普通兒童在家庭社經背景上的差異何在。 (三)探討資優兒童與普通兒童在父母管教態度上的差異何在。 第三章 方法與步驟 此章共分四節,敘述本研究樣本的選取過程,所使用的研究工具,並說明施測的實施 程序及提出分析資料所用的統計方法。 第四章 研究結果。 (一)智力、家庭社經背景、父母管教態度三者,以前二者便可預測兒童的圖形創造 力。 (二)智力、創造力、家庭社經背景、父母管教態度四者,以前三者即可預測兒童的 數學、自然成績。 (三)資優兒童的父母較普通兒童的父母重視兒童意見的發表,提供較多的百科全書 、期刊、報紙,兒童感覺受自父母的功課壓力也較小。 (四)利用區別分析求得類別函數係數(Classification Function Coefficients) 以預測樣本的類別。 (五)提出研究發現。 第五章 討論與建議 (一)將研究結果與研究假設予以對照討論。 (二)建議。

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