本論文旨在探討英美圖書館專業人員認可與檢定制度以及比較兩者之異同。主要研究目的為：1.敘述英美圖書館專業人員之定義；2.描述英美圖書館專業人員認可之途徑；3.探討英國圖書資訊學教育認可制度及圖書館專業人員檢定制度之意涵、歷史、現況與標準；4.探討美國圖書資訊學教育認可制度及圖書館專業人員檢定制度之意涵、歷史、現況與標準；5.比較英美圖書資訊學教育認可制度及圖書館專業人員檢定制度之異同。 本研究以英美兩國之圖書館專業人員之意義、圖書資訊學教育之認可制度以及圖書館專業人員之檢定制度為主題，研究範圍與限制為：1.本研究以英美圖書館專業人員之定義、認可途徑、認可制度與認可標準為主，其餘主題皆不在本研究範圍內；2.美國圖書館與資訊服務教育與人力資源利用政策所指專業人員有圖書館員與專家人員，本論文僅限於圖書館員之探討；3.本論文研究認可途徑係以英美兩國圖書資訊學教育機構認可制度與圖書館專業人員撿定制度為主，執照制度以本論文相關與必要者為度。 本論文採用文獻分析法與比較研究法，比較研究法為本論文主要採用之研究方法，其步驟有四：資料收集與描述、解釋、併排與比較。首先就英美兩國圖書館專業人員之意義、圖書資訊學教育之認可制度及圖書館專業人員之檢定制度描述，包含兩國圖書館專業人員之定義與層級、認可與檢定之意義、發展歷史、管理機構、原則、標準、程序做說明。 其次，將描述所獲得之資料加以併排，分成三部份，第一部份將兩國圖書館專業人員意義資料予以併排陳現，包括：圖書館專業人員之意義、層級、專業取得途徑、及專業授予組織等。第二部份是英美圖書資訊學教育認可制度之併排，包括：認可之意涵、認可制度之發展與認可機構、認可標準與程序等。第三部份是英美圖書館專業人員檢定制度之併排，包括：檢定之意涵、檢定制度之發展歷史與檢定機構、檢定標準與程序等。 最後，進行比較，將前述併排資料分為三部份進行解釋與比較：英美圖書館專業人員之意義、英美圖書資訊學教育之認可制度、英美圖書館專業人員之檢定制度，分別比較其相同或相異，並解釋差異之原因。 根據比較結果，證明英國圖書館專業人員之檢定制度係以國家職業資格體系為主，體系完善且全國統一；美國圖書資訊學教育之認可制度行之有年，制度、標準及程序為英國圖書資訊學教育認可制度仿效之對象，兩國之經驗皆可提供我國做為參考。最後，本論文對我國圖書館專業人員認可與檢定制度提出建議如下：1.建立圖書館專業人員層級：建議仿效美國圖書館學會圖書館人員制度，區分為資深圖書館員與圖書館員兩級，且釐訂圖書館專業人員之意涵；2.建立我國圖書資訊學教育認可制度：建議由我國圖書館專業學會推動我國圖書資訊學教育認可制度，首先應對圖書資訊學之界定與應包括之內涵與領域，建立共識，且研擬圖書資訊學核心專業課程或基礎課程，以及各校認可制度之推行與標準之建立，以提昇專業訓練，並建立社會認同；3．訂定圖書資訊學教育之認可標準：建議師法美國圖書館學會訂定之「圖書館與資訊研究碩士學程認可標準」，以學士為要求資格，採六大要件擬訂，包括任務及目的、課程、教師、學生、管理及經費支援、硬體資源及設備等；4.建立圖書資訊師制度：建議師法英國資訊與圖書館服務之國家職業資格制度，訂定不同層級之資格要求與檢定，藉由職業晉升途徑取得圖書館專業人員資格，惟需配合相關考試機關或行政單位之考量，制定完善之配套措施。

To date there is little evidence on the effect of property-liability (P-L) insurer's business strategy and organizational structure change on their frontier efficiency performance and productivity change. This issue is important since traditional theory assumes firms that minimizes cost and maximizes profit with more efficient strategy will survive in the long run. The main goal of this dissertation is to examine the efficiency performance in the U.S. P-L insurance industry using frontier efficiency and productivity methods. This dissertation consists of three essays on the efficiency studies. The first essay uses the data envelopment analysis to examine the efficiency performance and economies of scope for nonspecialists and specialists in the U.S. P-L insurance industry. The empirical evidence suggests that nonspecialists (specialists) dominate specialists (nonspecialists) in producing nonspecialists (specialists) input–output vectors and provide evidence for the coexistence of economies of scope and diseconomies of scope in the U.S. P-L insurance industry. Our second essay uses the stochastic frontier analysis to examine whether nonspecialized strategy dominates specialized strategy in the U.S. P-L insurance industry. The empirical evidence supports that both the nonspecialized hypothesis and the specialized hypothesis hold for different types of P-L insurers. Our third essay investigates whether the conversion of U.S. P-L insurers improves their efficiency performance before and after conversion. The empirical evidences of the value-added approach and the financial intermediary approach indicate that converting insurers experience improvement in their efficiency relative to mutual counter samples after the conversion, supporting the efficiency hypothesis proposed by Mayers and Smith (1986). Overall, the evidence of this dissertation shows that P-L insurer's diversification strategy and organizational structure change has significant impact on their frontier efficiency performance and productivity change.

低成本航空公司近年來在航空市場掀起一股風潮，某些低成本航空公司的營運績效甚至威脅到同一競爭市場中的傳統航空公司，例如美國的西南航空公司(Southwest Airlines)、馬來西亞的亞洲航空公司(Air Asia)；另一方面，亦有新興的航空公司採行低成本航空之營運模式，卻於營運不到幾年後就因經營不善而必須宣告破產或倒閉，例如加拿大的祖恩(ZOOM)航空、香港的甘泉航空。到底航空公司的營運模式該採行低成本航空公司之模式較佳？維持傳統航空公司之操作方式較優？還是另有其他模式尚待開發？本文中亦將介紹現行航空公司操作方式中一塊較少為學術界及商業界討論的模式－包機航空公司，並將以上述三種經營模式進行比較。 針對傳統航空公司、低成本航空公司以及專業包機航空公司營運模式之研究方法，文中將先以鑽石理論模型之競爭因素，配合SWOT策略分析，對應航空公司之競爭條件作介紹；並針對成本領導策略、差異化策略、集中化策略對航空業不同之營運模式加以討論，希望歸納出在航空公司本身所能具備的條件之下，所應採行之較佳營運模式。 最後，將以本國航空公司現有之條件，針對其可採取的經營策略加以建議，以期台灣的航空產業，除了在兩岸定期航班即將開展所帶來的商機之外，亦能因採行正確的營運模式，在未來的航空產業發展中持續蓬勃興盛。 / Low-cost carrier in recent years in the aviation market set off a wave. Some low-cost airlines even threat the conventional airlines in the market, such as Southwest Airlines in the United States, Air Asia in Malaysia. On the other hand, some low-cost carriers went bankruptcy due to poor management, such as Zoom Airlines in Canada, and Oasis Hong Kong Airlines. A natural question arises: which type of business model, low-cost carrier, conventional carrier or chartered carrier, should airline operations adopt, low-cost carrier? This study applies Porter's (1990) ``Diamond`` analysis, together with SWOT analysis, to the aforementioned question. The research identifies the corresponding competitive conditions and strategies for each business model. This gives important implications for the aviation business in Taiwan.

本研究以警察廣播電臺台北臺為例，探討身為交通專業電台的警察廣播電台，在面對電視與其他廣播媒體，紛紛加入路況資訊提供的競爭下，是否仍具有其優勢？以因工作需要而必需長時間使用道路的計程車駕駛人為研究對象，探討大台北地區計程車駕駛人收聽警廣節目的主要目的為何？在什麼情況下容易轉台？節目內容與傳播設備等因素，是否也會影響計程車駕駛人的轉台意願？ 研究發現，收聽警廣台北臺節目的計程車駕駛人，只有兩種類型，一種為「計劃型」收聽，另一種則採取「再評估模式」。計程車駕駛人因警廣路況報導正確而收聽，但卻也會因為資訊不夠即時而轉台；收聽時間大多集中在上、下班的尖峰時間。最欣賞的節目主持人，則以「路況報得好、報得專業」最獲青睞，甚至有六成以上的計程車駕駛人會因為喜歡某個節目主持人，而固定收聽其節目；另外，聲音悅耳、節目多元豐富與音樂好聽與否，也是吸引計程車駕駛人是否繼續收聽的重要因素。除了路況資訊的獲得外，計程車駕駛人對於生活資訊的需求，遠高於新聞氣象、綜藝音樂及公共事務。至於車上有無其他音響設備，亦將影響計程車駕駛人的轉台行為。 / The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Police Radio Station (PRS), specifically the one in Taipei, is still necessary since television and many other forms of media provide the same service of traffic broadcasting. The research subjects for this study are Taipei taxi drivers who spend long hours on the road each day. Four questions form the basis of this study: 1. What is the main reason that taxi drivers listen to PRS? 2. Under what circumstances do they switch channels? 3. Does the content of the program affect their listening choices? 4. Does the type of broadcasting equipment affect their listening choices? The results indicate that there are two kinds of taxi drivers who listen to the programs of the PRS in Taipei. The first kind follows the "planning strategy" and the other kind follows the "re-evaluation strategy." Drivers listen to the PRS for its accuracy of traffic information; however, they will switch to another channel when there is a lack of substantial information being broadcast. Their listening time usually occurs during the rush hours, when they are getting on or getting off work. Drivers primarily prefer anchors whose information is "not only great but also professional." More than 60 percent of the drivers in this study report that they will continuously listen to one program if it is hosted by the anchor whom they favor. In addition, three other factors affect the drivers' listening habits: (1) the voice of the anchor, (2) the richness of the program content, and (3) the quality of the music being played. Besides traffic information, taxi drivers also need or desire to listen to information about other aspects of daily life, than (1) news and weather, (2) entertainment, and (3) public affairs. Finally, one other factor affects the listening behavior of taxi drivers: whether or not there is more than one form of listening device inside the car.

李紹宏. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大学, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 243-262). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Shaohong. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 243-262). / Chapter 第一章： --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 研究背景：香港政治文化與國民教育取向 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- 教師團體 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- 教協簡介 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 教聯簡介 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- 過渡期的政治變化與國民教育的關係 --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4 --- 回歸前後的國民教育議題論爭 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- 研究意義 --- p.33 / Chapter 1.6 --- 章節安排 --- p.34 / Chapter 第二章： --- 硏究理論 --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1 --- 「民族主義」簡介 --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2 --- 「中國」分析-回應西方民族主義理論 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 對「中國」的質疑 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 杜贊奇與葛兆光等理論 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 「文化中國」的認同 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- 小結 --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3 --- 身份認同 --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 有關「身份認同」 --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 有關「民族認同」 --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4 --- 中國民族主義：對外戰爭與「創傷記憶」的民族意識 --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5 --- 「創傷記憶」與「驕傲盛世」回憶的民族主義--中國人身份的回溯 --- p.58 / Chapter 第三章： --- 研究設計 --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1 --- 硏究問題 --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2 --- 硏究起點 --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3 --- 硏究對象 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 《教協報》及《香港教育》簡介 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 本硏究的選材及標記 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4 --- 硏究方法 --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- 質化研究法(Qualitative research) --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- 符號學分析方法 --- p.69 / Chapter 第四章、 --- 神話的建立過程-對外仇恨的民族主義與國民教育（一） --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1 --- 引言 --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- 教協 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 反日愛國與符號分析 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 反日與國民教育 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3 --- 教聯 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 反日愛國與符號分析 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 反日與國民教育 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小結 --- p.96 / Chapter 第五章、 --- 神話的建立過程-對外仇恨的民族主義與國民教育(二） --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1 --- 引言 --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- 教協 --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 反日愛國與符號分析 --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 反日與國民教育-理性神話 --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3 --- 教聯 --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 反日愛國與符號分析 --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 反曰與國民教育 --- p.108 / Chapter 5.4 --- 小結 --- p.109 / Chapter 第六章 --- 三個神話的確立 --- p.112 / Chapter 6.1 --- 文字及圖片分析 --- p.112 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- 系譜軸(Paradigm) --- p.112 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- 毗鄰軸(Syntagm) --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2 --- 歌曲及語言分析 --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- 歌曲介紹 --- p.119 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- 符號分析 --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3 --- 三個神話的建立 --- p.130 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- 神話的建構過程 --- p.130 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- 神話的延伸 --- p.136 / Chapter 6.4 --- 小結 --- p.140 / Chapter 第七章： --- 血緣神話認同-八九民運 --- p.144 / Chapter 7.1 --- 引言 --- p.144 / Chapter 7.2. --- 教協愛國及民主想像 --- p.144 / Chapter 7.3. --- 教聯黨國不分的矛盾 --- p.157 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- 對中共的批評與隱晦 --- p.159 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- 「自我失語」與「失憶」的教聯六四歷史 --- p.164 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- 教導六四史的方法--客觀理性的歷史教育還是失憶教育？ --- p.166 / Chapter 第八章 --- 回蹄神話(一）教聯 --- p.174 / Chapter 8.1 --- 引言 --- p.174 / Chapter 8.2 --- 民族恥´辱ؤ道德與回歸 --- p.177 / Chapter 8.3 --- 奴化教育-救贖與回歸 --- p.186 / Chapter 第九章 --- 回歸神話（二)教協 --- p.201 / Chapter 9.1 --- 引言 --- p.201 / Chapter 9.2 --- 民族恥辱-道德與回歸 --- p.201 / Chapter 9.3 --- 回歸矛盾-血緣神話 --- p.205 / Chapter 9.4 --- 小結-教聯及教協回歸的取態 --- p.216 / Chapter 第十章 --- 結論 --- p.225 / Chapter 10.1 --- 總結--回應第一個問題 --- p.225 / Chapter 10.2 --- 後現代的質疑 --- p.226 / Chapter 10.3 --- 批判與國民教育-回應問題二 --- p.229 / Chapter 10.4 --- 研究的起點與啓示-民族身份的反思、教師的反省 --- p.233 / Chapter 10.5 --- 硏究的貢獻、限制與啓發 --- p.236 / Chapter 10.5.1 --- 硏究的貢獻及特色 --- p.237 / Chapter 10.5.2 --- 研究限制 --- p.237 / Chapter 10.5.3 --- 未及的討論 --- p.240 / Chapter 10.6 --- 後記 --- p.241 / 參考資料 --- p.243

由於消費者的消費行為改變，以及行銷通路權力的轉移，為滿足顧客需求，物流中心提供後勤支援活動，獨立運作於行銷通路，而有通路變革的發生，影響最適化通路成員關係的發展。物流中心的貢獻，最終目標，是使行銷通路有能力獲得優於競爭者的持久性競爭優勢來源。 　　本研究探討後勤系統對流通路成員關係之影響，經由物流中心的顧客價值創造者，來分析資訊應用於後勤管理目標與行銷通路成員關係型態的配合，以及通路權力轉移，影響通路關係的發展。並提出在通路關係上，全體行銷通路成員應有的管理上作為。 　　本研究採用探索性研究，首先進行相關文獻的探討，接著提出觀念架構，然後，進行實地的個案分析與專家訪談，以探討後勤系統管理目標、資訊技術應用目標對行銷通路成員關係型態的影響，以及行銷通路權力擁有者之不同，對通路效益之影響。 　　本研究發現物流中心的後勤管理目標，應有優先順序上的不同，以及資訊技術運用與整合程度，亦會影響通路成員關係的發展。物流中心提供專業化的後勤管理，應有其企業功能與行銷通路功能的一些必要條件，才有能力創造行銷通路的持久性競爭優勢。因此，專業物流中心對流通業的成本效率與差異化效果之貢獻，是配合通路權力轉移，以及符合加值合夥型態通路關係發展的需要。相對的，專業物流中心提供專業化能力，能獲得比批發型物流中心，較多來自其上、下游顧客的滿意度。為了維持行銷通路持久性競爭優勢的來源，通路成員需要瞭解與認知到行銷通路使命、目標、以及策略規劃，在管理上的作為，因而提出可實行的通路關係發展架構之步驟。 　　最後，本研究對相關業者、後續研究者、以及政府提出建議。在商業現代化過程之中，物流中心居於關鍵性地位，它是顧客價值創造者與行銷通路效益之貢獻者。政府有必要輔導傳統零售商與批發商，來分享物流中心的價值創造，以及修改相關法規。相關業者必須考慮如何讓物流中心，能發揮它的專業化後勤系統管理功能，以獲得持久性的競爭優勢來源。

社會工作實習教育使學生有機會將在課堂所學的概念、原則、理論、方法活用在實習所遇到的真實案例之中，是最能將技術、知識與價值整併的學習方式。過往文獻指出碩士班的學生自我期待與主動性較高，機構督導與學校督導之要求也較高，然而，碩士班研究生對於主體高度之期待與實際實習之間是否存在落差？若有實習期待落差，對於實習收獲與對社會工作專業知情行意向之影響為何？而實習期待落差、實習收獲與社會工作專業知情行意向又受到哪些因素影響而加劇或削減？ 為探討此一問題，本研究以網路問卷為主，紙本問卷為輔，調查國內15間將社會工作列為必修課程之研究所，以社會工作碩士班二年級以上，有過碩士班實習經驗之研究生為調查對象，共回收185份有效問卷。透過獨立樣本t檢定、卡方檢定、皮爾森積差相關、單因子變異數分析進行統計檢定，再由階層迴歸與路徑分析建構實習期待、實習收獲與知情行意向之路徑圖。分析結果如下： 一、超過半數的碩士班實習生有實習期待落差的經驗，除了事務或庶務的工作顯示實際接近或大於期望，其餘各項實習項目皆存在期待落差。 二、實習期望落差會因實習前是否到機構拜訪以了解該單位的實習相關訊息、機構督導學歷、實習生對先前實習經驗整體評價與學生身分而有所不同。 三、實習收獲主要受到實習期待落差之影響，另外，實習收獲隨著與機構督導的關係、是否有訂定書面的實習契約、學生身份、先前實習經驗整體評價、機構督導學歷、實習前是否至機構拜訪而有所不同。 四、對社會工作專業的知情行意向隨著與學校督導的關係、實習前是否請教同學相關的實習資訊、組織氛圍、實習地點、機構督導學歷而有所不同。 據此，本研究針對實習生、實習機構、學校、專業教育組織提出以下建議： 一、對碩士班研究生，建議實習前可至機構走訪，以瞭解實習機構之概況與實習機構內容；其次，可在實習前找尋合適的社會工作機構兼職，以增加工作經驗以及實習機會；每次實習前應調整心態，使過去經驗成為收獲之基石；選擇不同的實習領域和工作方法，以免因噎廢食；在實習期間積極而主動的溝通，並參與最後的實習評估。 二、對於實習機構，建議機構透過良性溝通、實習計畫的討論、實習契約的簽訂以降低實習生的期望落差；其次，機構督導應配有較有意願、社會工作專業背景之督導進行實習督導；而督導教學方式應配合實習生適性發展，參考國內外採行之實習督導教學方法。 三、學校部分，可考慮安排人力負責與實習機構之接洽事宜，學校督導應適時拜訪機構及早發現機構與實習生之間的落差；學校應主動釋出相關訓練機會，使學校與機構督導的互動更加密切；學校可開拓周遭的社區資源，以建立學校和機構或社區的合作模式，創造碩士班研究生的優質實習機會。 四、社會工作教育專業組織與各教學單位可適時創造議題，鼓勵專業教育與實習教育的相關研究；其次，亦應與實務界、學生共同討論國內實習教育標準的訂定及評估方式，以培養出才情兼備、知行合一的社會工作研究生人才。 / Social work practicum could play a role in bridging the gap between theory and practice. Previous studies revealed that MSW graduate students, school teachers and the field instructors all have high expectation on how much the MSW students will learn from the process . This study aimed at examing the gap between learning expectation and reality of practicum period from a viewpoint of MSW graduate students. Moreover, whether the gap would impact the gains from practicum and students’ attitudes towards social work profession was what author concerned. Thus, the subjects of this study were the MSW graduate students who had done practicum during graduate study period. Internet questionnaire survey method was adopted to capture the experiences of this population. Total 185 questionnaires were compeleted. Based on statistical data analyses, the study findings are as follow: 1.More than one-half graduate students experience gap between expectation and reality at prior practicum. Besides, the gap existed in almost all of the social work fields except general affairs. 2.The learning gap is the most important mediator of the gains from practicum. Independent variables as “to visit institution before practicum”, “educational background of field instructors”, “evaluation of prior practicum experience”, and ”student status” demonstrated a significant effect on expectation gap. 3.The gains from practicum were correlated with “relationship with field instructor”, “whether sign the practicum contract”, ”student status”, “evaluation of prior practicum experience”, “educational background of field instructor”, and “to visit institutiton before practicum”. 4.Independent variables as “relationship with school instructors”, “asked schoolmates for practicum-related information”, “institutional climate”, “field locations”, and”educational background of field instructors” were significantly associated with the attitudes towards social work profession. Findings of the study highlight the importance of reducing the gap between learning expectation and reality. Finally, based on the conclusions above, several recommendations are offered for graduate students, field institutions, schools, educational organizations, and advanced research.

在社會變遷的衝擊下，提升教師專業具有迫切性與必要性；目前教師的在職訓練、專業發展方式及實施途徑面臨許多限制，而網路學習具有通訊成本低及不受時空限制的特性，開啓了教師進修的新契機。 本研究以參與桃園縣e化學習平台【閱讀策略教學課程】之中小學教師為研究對象，以建立能促進教師社群成員參與互動討論意願，以及提昇教師教學關注程度之網路社群經營機制為目標，最終達成塑造以網路學習社群提升參與網路課程教師學習成效之教師專業發展模式，樹立成功實施的準則。 為達成上述之研究目的，本研究先以文獻分析法，針對研究相關資料進行蒐集與整理，作為研究發展與問卷設計之基礎，並規畫實際教學實驗，進行實徵觀察與研究。為增進成員間的互動與討論，本研究將課程畫分三階段實施包括推薦機制、激勵機制及專家引導網路社群經營機制，並同時輔以三次「閱讀策略教學關注階層問卷」進行調查，以呈現教師網路社群成員對於閱讀策略教學關注階段差異；並進一步探究不同背景變項之教師教學關注提昇之差異性，以及社群成員間互動對話內容之關注階層變化情形。課程結束後，實施「網路學習滿意度」問卷，探究三種經營機制之得分情形與教師閱讀策略教學關注階段之間是否具有相關性。最後，課程結束後約半年，以e-mail方式寄發「閱讀教學調查問卷」，追蹤社群成員實施閱讀策略教學之現況、所面對的困難，以追蹤瞭解參與網路課程對於其教學工作之助益。 茲將本研究所蒐集資料之量化與質化分析結果，歸納以下結論： 一、實施本研究所提出三階段社群經營機制之網路課程，可有效提昇教師閱讀策略教學關注。 二、不同背景變項之社群成員，對閱讀策略教學關注程度的差異不大。 三、網路社群經營機制與教師閱讀策略教學關注程度提昇具有顯著相關性。 四、社群成員因本研究所提出之三階段社群經營機制，有效促使雙向性對話熱絡，使得互動討論內容之關注階層提昇及部分關注階層呈現顯著向上提升變化。 五、社群成員對於網路經營機制普遍感到滿意，顯示本研究所提出之三階段學習社群經營機制確實對於教師專業成長具有助益。 六、基於學習社群經營之網路課程確實能提昇教師教學專業知能，並促使教師關注教學專業的實踐與對於學生的學習成效助益。 最後，研究者再根據研究發現，針對網路社群經營機制、開課團隊與教育單位提出具體建議，並針對未來可以繼續研究方向提出具體建議。 / Under the impact of social changes, it is urgent and necessary to enhance the capabilities of teaching professional to cope with this constantly changing environment. To date, the approaches of in-service training and professional development for teachers and their implementations face with many restrictions. While web-based learning has the features of low communication costs and without the constraints of time and space, it offers teacher a new opportunity to pursue further educations. 　　The subjects of this study are recruited from primary and secondary school teachers who participated in the program of "Reading Strategy Instruction Course" provided by Taoyuan County e-learning Platform. The objective is to establish operational mechanisms of online community that encourage the willingness of the members of teacher's community to participate in interactive discussions, and promote the level of teacher's instruction concern. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to build up a teaching professional development model that utilizes the functions of web-based learning community to enhance the performances of the teachers who participated in the web-based learning, and set up the principles for future successful implementation. 　　To achieve the research purposes, this study first conducted literature analysis to collect and collate relevant information as a basis for researching and developing the design of questionnaires. The experimental teaching courses were designed for empirical observations and researches. In order to promote interactions and discussions among members, the courses were divided and carried out in three phases, including recommendation mechanism, incentive mechanism, and expert guidance mechanism of online community. And at the end of each phase, a "Questionnaire for the Level of Teachers’ Reading Strategy Instruction Concern" was administered to investigate and to present the different levels of the web community teachers' concern towards reading strategy instruction at different phases. Furthermore, two issues were explored in the study, namely, how the different background variables affect the teacher's instruction concern levels, and the changes in concern level of the contents by interactive dialogue among community members. At the end of the Course, the questionnaire of "Web Learning Satisfaction" was implemented, in order to examine the attained scores of the three operational mechanisms and the correlations between the scores and the teacher's levels of instruction concern of Reading Strategy. Finally, about six months after the end of course, the questionnaire of "Reading Instruction Survey" was sent by e-mail to the community members to track the implementation status of Reading Strategy Instruction, the difficulties, and to track and understand the benefits to teaching from participating in online courses. 　　The conclusions of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the information collected in this study are summarized in the following points: First, in this study, the proposed three-phase implementation of the operating mechanisms of the web community programs can boost effectively the teachers' instruction concern of reading strategy. Second, the differences of instruction concern towards reading strategy among the community members from different background are not significant. Third, the web community operational mechanisms are significantly correlated with promoting the levels of teachers' instruction concern. Fourth, community members benefit from the three-phase community operational mechanisms proposed by this study, in terms of effectively and warmly promoting two-way dialogue, improving the concern level towards the content of interactive discussions, and some parts of concern level presenting significant upward changes. Fifth, community members were generally satisfied with the web operational mechanisms proposed in this study, showing the three-phase operational mechanisms of learning community are useful to the professional development of teachers. Sixth, the web programs based on the operations of learning community can really enhance the teachers' professional knowledge and ability of teaching, promote the teachers' concern of professional practice, and benefit students' effective learning. Finally, according to the findings of the research, the specific operational mechanisms of web community, course delivery team, and educational unit are recommended, and the directions for future study are proposed.

有鑑於近年來教育當局對於提升教師教育專業能力的重視以及陸續於一般中等學校計劃實施教師專業評鑑的努力，本研究旨在建構高中英語教師之教學專業能力指標，瞭解279位現職於22所公立高中之新北市高中英文教師對於各指標重要性看法之差異，並針對性別、學歷、學校規模、教學年資等社會背景的教師分析其看法之不同。依據文獻探討與專家效度實施之結果，共建立5大能力層面、13個向度、以及47個指標。問卷分析採用階層程序分析法(AHP)，得出各向度之權重值，排序結果如下： 1.規劃能力：教學規劃比課程規劃重要；這兩項中分別又以規劃適當教學活動及規劃教學程序為重要指標。 2.教學能力：溝通能力與英文能力尤其重要；這兩項中分別又以良好口頭溝通技巧及自我表達能力為重要指標。 3.管理能力：班級管理比資源管理重要；而班級管理中又以良好師生互動為重要指 標。 4.專業成長：掌握學習機會比進行教學研究與革新重要；而掌握學習機會中又以反思個人教學與追求專業成長為重要指標。 5.教學道德：工作態度比專業精神重要；而工作態度中又以與學校同事、學生家長、與附近社區建立良好工作關係為重要指標。 在各向度的指標中，與教學有關係者較受青睞。各背景的教師與所有教師的看法傾 向於一致，只顯示些微的差別。 依據研究結果，本研究亦針對教育當局及高中英文教師提出建議，對於未來研究方 向也提出一些看法，以期對英文教學有些許貢獻。 / Academic authorities have recently laid their prominence on upgrading teachers’ professional competence with the reform efforts of implementing evaluating professional competence on teachers in middle schools. The current study aimed to explore the indicators for evaluating senior high school English teachers’ professional competence, and at the same time, to provide English teachers access to improve and increase teaching efficiency by showing the rankings of indicators under each sub-criterion investigated from 279 English teachers with 4 social background variants in 22 public senior high schools in New Taipei City. The social background variants included gender, educational backgrounds, school size, and total teaching years. In accordance with literature review and expert validity, 5 criteria, 13 sub-criteria, and 47 indicators were established as evaluating standards. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed and the results indicated that: 1. Planning competence: Teaching planning was more important than course planning. Planning appropriate teaching activities and developing teaching procedures were considered to be the most important in the two sub-criteria respectively. 2. Teaching competence: Communicative competence and English language competence were the first two priorities, but presentation of teaching materials the last. Good oral communicative skills and self-expressive ability were labeled as the most essential indicators respectively. 3. Management competence: Classroom management was rather prominent than resources management. Good teacher-student interaction was especially viewed as important in classroom management. 4. Professional development: Grasping opportunities to learn was taken more significant than conducting teaching research and teaching innovation. In grasping opportunities to learn, reflecting on one’s teaching and seeking professional development were seen as more important than others. 5. Teaching ethics: Working attitude was of higher significance than professionalism, especially establishing good working relationship with school staff, students’ parents, and surrounding communities. In conclusion, indicators which were more helpful to teaching were more favored. Despite their different social backgrounds, teachers tended to show similar opinions on the development of their professional competence. According to the results of the study, some suggestions were provided for professional development of English teachers, teacher training, gender differences of English teachers, teaching experiences, and future studies.

在評量學生的寫作能力時，通常採用直接測驗。然而，四技二專統一入學測驗英文專業考科卻採用間接測驗，來評量應用外語科學生的英文寫作能力。本研究旨在檢視專業考科之效力，並研究如何改進現行的考試方式。 為了達成該研究目的，119位應用外語科三年級學生參與本研究。本研究間接測驗試題採用四技二專統一入學測驗英文專業考科，直接測驗試題採用看圖寫作，以檢視專業考科與直接寫作成績之間的相關性。此外本研究使用問卷以調查學生對直接與間接寫作測驗的看法。 結果顯示，專業考科與看圖寫作之間呈現中度相關，表示該專業考科在某種程度上，能顯示出受試者的直接寫作能力。在四個大題中，段落組成及段落語意不連貫句子挑選與看圖寫作呈現中度相關，因此，這兩個大題較能顯示出受試者的直接寫作能力。 然而，問卷調查結果發現，受試者運用篇章結構的知識來完成間接測驗。但是，卻沒有運用相同的概念於直接測驗中。此種現象可能是因為傳統的寫作教學方式著重在文法分析及單字教學。因此，四技二專統一入學測驗的英文專業考科應同時施測直接與間接測驗，以期對英文寫作教學產生正面的回衝效應。 / Direct writing assessment is usually employed to evaluate students’ writing proficiency. However, the Technological and Vocational Education (TVE) Joint College Entrance Exam adopts indirect writing assessment to assess students from Department of Applied Foreign Languages (DAFL) in English Professional Subject (EPS). The purpose of the present paper is to examine the effectiveness of the EPS indirect writing test and how the current practice can be improved. For serving the purpose, a total of 119 third-year DAFL students participated in the study. The researcher uses indirect writing assessment, the EPS indirect writing test, and direct writing assessment, a picture writing task, as the testing instruments to examine the correlation between the two writing measures. Moreover, questionnaires are used to investigate the participants’ perceptions of the two writing tasks. Results indicated that the EPS multiple-choice writing test and the picture writing task exhibited a moderate correlation, suggesting the indirect test could, at least in part, serve as a good indication of the students’ writing competence in direct writing. Results also showed that sentence insertion (SI) and sentence deletion (SD), among the four subtests, moderately correlated with the direct writing task. The two subtests could thus be depended on as a better indication of the participants’ direct writing proficiency. Nevertheless, questionnaire findings displayed that the students applied discourse-level knowledge in the indirect test. Nonetheless, the same concept was not applied to the direct task probably because of the traditional teaching approach to English writing, focusing on grammar analysis and vocabulary teaching. Therefore, the two writing tasks should be combined in the entrance exam to produce positive washback effect on writing instruction.