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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台商與大陸地方政府之政商關係分析 / A study of Government-Business Relationships: The Case of Taiwanese Investors and China's Local Government.

舒翠玲, Shu,Tsui ling Unknown Date (has links)
目前涉及地方政府與當地台商政企關係的文獻,有的強調其正面「降低交易成本」的功能,有的則凸顯出其負面「尋租活動」的傾向,究竟何者為是,學者莫衷一是;大陸台商與地方政府的私人性政商關係真能讓台商在企業投資上無往不利嗎?中國大陸從封閉走向開放、從計劃經濟過渡到市場經濟的過程中,尋租行為有時難以避免,台商擅長運用私人性連結方式來處理複雜性的制度問題,政商關係建構模式與政商關係之間的影響為何?「台商被動經營」的政商關係型態與「台商主動經營」的政商關係型態,究竟是促進國家的政治發展?還是造成國家的政治腐敗?本研究將透過實地的田野調查,檢證上述的研究假說。
2

中共國有企業改革過程中腐敗行為之研究-代理人理論之分析

金亨俊 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究使用新制度主義和公共選擇學派之理論工具,來分析當前中國大陸國有企業中滋生蔓延之尋租性腐敗行為。研究之目的在於分析制度轉變和制度設計如何影響到個人之行為,以及由此所造成的社會損失和代價。 腐敗問題是世界各國政府和民眾普遍關心的社會熱門問題,由腐敗行為所帶來的政府形象受損、社會分配不公、資源配置扭曲等危害是不可估計的,因此,各國政府都在千方百計地進行反腐敗政策,以維護市場正常秩序,恢復公眾信心,促進經濟持續發展。隨著市場規則的不斷建立,法治環境的不斷完善,權力制衡機制不斷形成,似乎腐敗的產生越來越困難,然而腐敗行為仍然持續發生,任何國家、社會均存在腐敗行為,危害著社會和政府的透明度。 國有企業是中國大陸國民經濟的支柱,是中共引導、推動、調控經濟和社會發展的基本力量。在計畫經濟時期,中共當局逐漸遇到國有企業之效率不彰和生產率低落的問題,進而從激勵擴大面開始國有企業之改革。自1978年推動的改革開放必然導致了產業結構和市場運行機制的改變。中國大陸改革之特徵為分權式改革,亦稱「放權讓利」改革。改革以來,中央將大幅度的政策執行工作交給了地方政府、企業,同時希望給地方政府發展經濟、關注國有企業效率更大的誘因與激勵機制。自1987年承包制實行起,中共裝置代理關係使得國有企業和政府部門、地方政府等代理人具有代理人投機行為的傾向,就國有企業中委託─代理關係影響到國有企業經營者和一些利益追求的代理人之間的投機行為,造成國有企業盈利績效的損失。實際上國有企業虧損面日益增大的事實表明了代理關係形成的負作用。不過,以公有制為主的中共改革與從企業所有權改革著手的西方國家之公營事業民營化不同,只著重於對國有企業控制權方面,並不徹底執行產權改革,不足以解決產權問題,因而產生代理人的激勵問題。以分權化改革為核心的中共的改革過程,擴大了代理人的權限以及自主性,這些改革開放中形成的委託─代理關係受到改革中出現的大量租金的因素,造成代理人的「尋租性腐敗行為」。而中共所採取的漸進式改革、對國有企業的軟預算約束,以及國家的壟斷皆造成尋租行為出現的環境。 本研究追蹤國有企業改革過程中的尋租行為,從中國大陸整個國家結構中的「委託-代理關係」中的「資訊不對稱問題」和由此衍生的代理人的尋租性腐敗行為。本研究試圖研討資訊不對稱情形中,代理人如何採取經濟人的行為,經由什麼樣之博奕情境中採取自身最有利的行為。 文分七章,逐次深入探索相關議題,期對中共改革過程中凸顯出來的代理關係,能做全方位的辯證。
3

貪污、規費、白手套:昆山的租金分配制度 / Converting the Rents: The Profit-Sharing Mechanisms between Taiwanese Investors and Local Government in Kunshan

林金燦, Lin,Gintsan Unknown Date (has links)
傳統尋租理論認為當政府有職權得以創造超額利潤、且企業為複數時,企業除投入成本進行尋租外,會產生重複投入成本競租的後果,直到超額租金耗盡為止。但無法解釋,何以在中國政府干預市場嚴重的情形下,為何總體經濟與企業投資、獲利均保持高度成長?經由筆者實際走訪昆山進行調查後認為,尋租相關的賄賂及交際行為在具政治風險的情況下確有削減。但相關支出及支付對象乃以合法的方式固定下來,並非消失。本文認為此政企利益分配制度包含以下:土地增值的獲利及租金、企業委託報關行的外包支出、土地仲介佣金、招商業績獎金、鎮級地方政府稅收、以及各種明文規定的規費。此種相關支出的固定與合法化,筆者認為此制度有助於企業的成本評估及經營。 關鍵字:尋租、政企關係、規費、利益分配、地方政府
4

土地使用分區管制制度之執行與制度變遷--財產權觀點之分析 / The Enforcement and Change of Zoning Institution in The Perspective of Property Rights

張剛維, Chang,Kangwei Unknown Date (has links)
財產權的發展,具有將外部成本內部化,以及減輕租值消散的功能,同時也會影響誘因機制與市場行為,因此,建立可執行的財產權或契約系統,有助於降低交易成本,促進市場交易的效率。土地使用分區管制是政府用以界定財產權的一項重要工具,但在執行的過程中,會受到資訊不完全的因素所限制,而產生許多社會經濟衝突的問題,所以,在財產權界定不完全的情形下,分區管制制度的執行可能是一種負和、零和或正和的賽局。 在台灣的都市規劃管制制度下,土地使用分區管制一直被視為政府執行都市公共政策的重要工具,但是土地使用分區管制制度變遷的原因及對財產權配置的影響,很少被深入的探討,亦少有相關的實證研究予以論述說明。由於分區管制決策直接影響人民的土地財產權範圍,因此,以財產權為研究的焦點,連結制度及執行層面的動態分析,可以更深入地了解政策運作的過程,檢視分區管制制度設計的問題,藉以提供更佳的制度環境。本研究嘗試以新制度經濟學的基礎,基於財產權的觀點,連結制度變遷及執行層面的分析,研究所有權人及利益團體如何透過與政府的協商,改變土地使用分區管制制度,進而影響財產權配置的問題。在方法上,則透過賽局理論及個案研究,建立參與者行為互動模式及進行實證分析,以剖析制度變遷的原因及問題。 本研究除了進行以上所述的議題,亦同時關注制度選擇、容積移轉的問題,以及違規使用的行為,並將從一系列的行為分析中,進一步探究尋租行為對分區管制制度及經濟發展的影響。研究的結果,除了對分區管制制度提出具體的建議外,亦對制度變遷的行為及政府角色,提供更多的認知面向,值得作為都市研究的參考。 / Zoning institution is regarded as an important instrument for enforcing urban policy in Taiwan. Zoning not only control the quality of urban environment, but affect the price of real estate. However, the reasons of zoning institution changed and the factors influenced the assignment of property rights are very rarely investigated. The decision of zoning will directly influence the scope of landowners’ property rights. Thus, based upon the viewpoint of property rights, incorporated with institutional and enforcing dimension to conduct a dynamic analysis can deeply investigate the process of policy operation and the problems of institutional design so as to provide better institutional environment for zoning. This research, based on the property rights perspective and the approach of property rights analysis of New Institutional Economics, intend to investigate the change of zoning institution and its enforcement. The study pays special attention to the bargaining among private landowners, interest groups and government authority. In order to improve the institutional environment, this paper will also try to find the institutional problems in the process of enforcement through cases study. Cases study is used for further analysis the interaction among the actors participated so as to understand the processes of bargaining, re-assignment of property rights and the reasons of zoning institution changed. After the cases study, the research will address some suggestions of institutional design of zoning and try to review the policy of urban development and land use control in Taipei city. A promise suggestion on the institutional design of zoning will be provided for the reference of understanding and research on zoning institution and behaviors. In addition, the impact of the rent-seeking patterns and the production paths on the zoning behaviors resulting in the change of zoning institution are explored. The results of the research will make further suggestions to the issues of institutional design of zoning, and to the avoidance of the negative effects of rent-seeking behavior. Moreover, the source and process of institutional change of zoning related to rent-seeking behavior, and the ways government responds to the rent-seeking behaviors are provided for the reference of further study of urban planning.
5

中國大陸國家預防腐敗局之研究 / The research of national bureau of corruption prevention of China

王力 Unknown Date (has links)
貪腐是先進國家檢視政府行政效率的重要指標,貪腐會影響國家整體形象,甚至左右外國直接投資與金融市場的評比。中國之國家預防腐敗局的機構定位突顯中國內部對貪腐問題與政治結構調整問題。因此,本研究針對中國大陸貪腐問題、貪腐機制之演變過程、國家預防腐敗局現階段工作成效與不足之處、國家預防腐敗局未來工作方向展望與挑戰等問題,以文獻分析方法進行探討與分析。 經過本研究的分析與討論,本研究歸納以下論點: 一、中國大陸貪腐問題可以用尋租理論解釋,當改革開放後,地方官員可以藉由經濟特區許可證或稅務等工作內容,進行利益勾結與建立政商貪腐集團。 二、貪腐機制可分為權權交易模式與權錢交易模式,其貪腐集團的交接與政權交接息息相關。改革開放前的貪腐模式為權權交易模式,改革開放後為權錢交易模式。 三、中共貪腐機制以政治運作角度分析其過程,可以視為政權交接期間的合作式賽局崩解與重新建立,其崩解原因在於內部利益分配不平均導致矛盾加深,藉著政權交接期間之權力洗牌模式,產生新的貪腐集團與經濟利益分配模式。 四、過去中共對於貪腐問題的處理模式屬於政權協商方式,例如屬於江澤明體系的陳良宇貪腐案歷經「陳良宇涉嫌貪污」至「陳良宇同志違紀問題」的兩種處理模式,透露出中共對於貪腐問題的防治處理屬於政權協商的模式。因此,國家預防腐敗局的設立過程背後潛伏著個政治派系的妥協。 五、就組織架構而言,國家預防腐敗局目前位於監察部之下,部門本身並無獨立監察權,僅被視為調研與幕僚單位,此與香港或新加坡之獨立性反貪腐機構的特性有所差異。 六、在中共維持黨政雙軌制下,中紀委與監察部將是反貪腐制度的主軸,所以短期而言,對內部角色定位,國家預防腐敗局的功能將定位於中紀委領導的執行單位,負責實際的反貪腐之協調運作;對外部角色定位,國家預防腐敗局將定位於接收國際組織的意見,國家預防腐敗局的角色將是整合國際反貪腐的科技運作。 七、就國家預防腐敗局之未來發展模式,國家預防腐敗局需要建立獨立監察權,且其成員任命方式必須擺脫派系協商的影子,但在中共目前政治角力過程下,國家預防腐敗局之未來發展將視內部政治利益與輿論壓力的角力結果而定。 / The extent of corruption is an important index to review the administrative efficiency of the governments among advanced countries. The corruption issue affects the image of a country, the foreign direct investment and the rating of financial market. The role of National Bureau of Corruption Prevention of China (thereafter as “NBCP”) stresses the problems of corruption in internal systems of China and political restructuring. Therefore, this study adopts the literature analysis method to explore and analyze the corruption problems in China, the development of corruption prevention scheme, the performance and deficiencies of NBCP, and the future prospects and challenges of NBCP. After the analysis and discussions in this study, the conclusions are as follows. First, the problems of corruption in China could be interpreted by the rent-seeking theory. After China’s reform, the local government officials could take advantage of the permission of economically-designated zone or taxation, etc. to collude with private enterprises based on interests, and form the corruption groups. Second, according to the past literatures, the patterns of corruption in China could be categorized as the exchange of privilege for privilege and the exchange of privilege for money, and the transition of both corruption groups and regimes is closely bound up. From the perspective of rent-seeking theory, the exchange of privilege for privilege is the pattern of corruption before China’s reform, with the exchange of privilege for money standing for the ones after China’s reform. Third, from the perspective of operation of political system in China, the transition of regimes could be interpreted as the process of collapse and rebuilding in the dynamics of cooperative games. The reasons of collapse could result from the disequilibrium in the allocation of internal interests and then conflicts from the disequilibrium. Therefore, by the reshuffle of political interests during the transition of regimes, the new corruption groups and new scheme for the allocation of economic interests appear. Fourth, China used to deal with corruption through regime consultation. For instance, the corruption case of Chen, Lian-yu in the administration of Jiang, Ze-ming ,which was shifted from original tone of “Chen, Lian-yu suspected in corruption” to “Chen, Lian-yu’s violating disciplines”, shows that the strategy for corruption in China could be categorized by the features of regime consultation. Hence, the setup of NBCP implies the compromises among different political groups. Fifth, in terms of organizational structure, NBCP is under the Ministry of Supervision, without independent supervision, and only works as the research and staff unit of independent supervision, which differs from the independence of the anti-corruption institute of Hong Kong and Singapore. Sixth, under the present dual-track system of China, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the CPC and Ministry of Supervision play the main roles in the system of anti-corruption. In the short term, as to the internal role, NBCP is regarded as the execution unit of Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. As to the external role, NBCP is responsible for receiving the opinions from international organizations and integrating the technology of international anti-corruption. Seventh, the future model of NBCP should build up the independent supervision and appoint the members without the influence of the political groups. However, in the struggle of different political groups in Chinese Communist party, the future development of NBCP will depend on the outcome of the struggle between internal political interests and public stress.

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