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工業標準伺服器事業在台灣惠普及康柏公司合併前後公司組織及營運策略的研究鍾易良 Unknown Date (has links)
2001年9月4日HP(惠普電腦)的執行長Carly Fiorina宣佈將以250億美元價格收購Compaq(康柏電腦),這樁購併案不但金額上是電腦業過去最大的一筆交易的兩倍,而且也是惠普公司六十三年歷史中最重要的一樁買賣。HP和Compaq合併後,將成為全世界第二大及名符其實的「日不落」電腦公司。合併後,這兩家公司過去四季以來的營收總合為874億美元,僅次於IBM。
本研究係以惠普台灣分公司ESG(企業系統事業群)中,其中一項產品「工業標準伺服器」事業部為個案的研究。探討惠普及康柏兩家公司合併前後,此產品事業部的公司組織及營運策略。藉由探討策略的三構面:(1)營運範疇(2)核心資源(3)關係網路,以及運用策略九說中「四競技場」的分析架構:(1)價值與效率的競技場(2)結構與能耐的競技場(3)體系與實力的競技場(4)同形與異質的競技場。了解合併前後三家公司在經營此事業的不同處,並對關連性問題提出建議。
期望本研究三點主要研究目的,對於同質性企業合併時,可以提供有意義參考的價值:
一.從策略三構面:(1)營運範疇(2)核心資源(3)關係網路,剖析合併前 後三個案公司。
二.從四個競技場:(1)價值與效率的競技場(2)結構與能耐的競技場(3)體系與實力的競技場(4)同形與異質的競技場的分析,了解合併前後三個案公司的競爭優勢。
三.惠普台灣分公司在工業標準伺服器事業,合併後的營運績效是否達到合併綜效的目標。
藉由本研究的結論,對於想進行同質性企業購併的企業經營者,可以找到更有意義的啟發。乃至於利用更短的學習曲線,創造合併後的獲利契機。 / The Graduate Institute of Business Administration
National ChengChi University
The Study of organization and business strategies of Industry Standard Server in Hewlett Packard Taiwan before and after the merger of Hewlett Packard and Compaq Computer
On September 4th, 2001, Carly Fiorina, CEO of Hewlett Packard announced the merger of Hewlett Packard and Compaq Computer at USD25 billion dollars. This amount was in fact twice as much as the biggest merger that had ever happened in IT industry, and moreover, it is the most important decision that has been made in HP’s 63-year history.
After the merger, Hewlett Packard has become the worldwide number two computer company, an empire where the sun never sets. The annual revenue of new Hewlett Packard totals 87.4 billion dollars, only second to IBM.
This research is to pick the product “Industry Standard Server” that belongs to the business unit of Enterprise Solution Group in Hewlett Packard Taiwan to do the case study. The theories I will be using are:
1) the three dimensions of business strategy:
a) business scope;
b) core resources; and
c) relationship network and
2) the four competitive strategies:
a) value and effectiveness;
b) position and strength;
c) group and core competence;
d) industry and differentiation
Through the change of the organization and its business strategy before and after the merger, I will come up how the three companies – Hewlett Packard, Compaq and the New Hewlett Packard have their own business strategies and will also provide suggestions to related questions.
By the end of this research, I hope some points can be made and provided to companies that are planning to have their horizontal integration. I will do so by observing and analyzing from the following three aspects:
1) To analyze the three companies by the three dimensions of business strategy
2) To analyze competition advantages of the three companies, before and after the merger.
3) To analyze how Industry Standard Server Business Unit in Hewlett Packard Taiwan achieves Synergy through the merger of the two companies
Finally, the intention of this research is to help and to provide advise to those companies that are planning to have their horizontal integration, and hopefully through this research, a shorten learning curve will benefit them and through such integration, synergy will be seen.
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宏碁公司(2005-2010)快速蹶起 之 核心能耐研究 / The Core Competence of Rampaging Growing IT Company The Case Study of Acer Inc. (2005-2010)蔡榮龍, Tsai, Frank Unknown Date (has links)
宏碁在 2005 到2010 創造了爆發性營業額成長,這個高度成長已超過一般公司的表現;也引起 Dell 和 HP 研究 Acer 的威脅分析。每個公司都有它們的核心競爭能耐,去贏得在PC業界傑出表現的方程式。此論文動機是去發覺出真正Acer內部贏的方程式,看看這個公司在過去五年來;如何得到手提電腦中最高成長的市佔率。
有三個研究目的,此論文將研究: (1) 是什麼全球策略帶領新產品開發能力與技術創新? (2) 有什麼主要的新產品開發流程與系統,導致最低開發成本及最快的開發時程? (3) 客戶的評論與回饋如何影響產品計畫與管理方式。總之,本研究將找出Acer核心競爭力,在2005 到2010快速成長的五年。
此研究架構包含三的項目: (1) 全球策略: 全球,事業,和產品層次。(2) NPD 新產品開發流程的組織、流程、與系統。(3) 技術創新和其管理能力。我們用Acer這個擁有16%全球PC市佔公司來探究與其質量研究 。首要資料得到、收集、消化 ,都是從各個相關部門來增加資料正確性;如業務、行銷、產品管理、研發、與品質服務。但有些資料及表格式內容則由許多資深內部同仁的問卷調查和他們各別的想法。同時,研討最高階管理者,為何深刻影響全球資源整頓與分配? 看到內部NPD組織與不斷研發改善流程結合?最後,也看出什麼專案應包含那種NPD 系統的優化?
這本論文共發現了十個研究發現如下: (1)Acer的全球事業開發策略目標已經清楚定義事業團隊與NPD 新產品研發團隊相關工作職責(2)Acer 的全球外包策略也幫助公司的營運效率,也加強產品設計品質;藉由結合外部優勢資源與其管理能力。(3) Acer 管理層不斷推動的成本領導策略,來保持全球產品競爭力。(4) 四次在 2006-2009 M&A 事件,產生快速市佔提昇,但也付出相當整合資源投入。(5) 專案矩陣組織是最通用的,也讓最高管理者,快速安排適當開發資源,來控制時間、成本、和規格。(6) 在NPD開發中,簡化系統模組共同設計,來節省開發成本,也能創造市場中更有彈性產品。(7) 一個簡化的公司,藉由不斷流程精化與專案效能管理來達到最佳NPD境地。(8) 在不同的管理和功能團隊,都有導入NPD跨平台快速新技術能力。(9) 整合全球法務系統與資源,加強法務專利管理能力,並高度結合研發團隊與NPD 設計工程。(10) 聽取客戶端價值聲音,以改善產品規劃和品質,提昇其競爭力。
最後,有些實際有效建議,將會給在PC產業界事業和產品管理團隊思考策略管理計劃;並如果最佳化內部NPD系統去調整其各個不同層級研發流程、專案與組織的管理能耐和技術創新。這些建議將促使公司具有高度國際PC競爭力。
關鍵字: 宏碁 戴爾 惠普 新產品開發 核心競爭力 全球策略 技術創新
成本領導 研發 企業倂購 專案矩陣組織 出貨單元 / Acer has made rampaging business growth during 2005 – 2010. The outstanding and surpassing performance was an unusual case that induced Dell and HP to conduct Acer analysis projects how to react to the Acer’s threatens. Each company would have its core competence or competitive capability to make it a winning formula to attain breakthroughs in the PC industry. The motivation of this study is to figure out what real winning formula inside to keep Acer obtaining the highest market share and growth in laptop sales for the continuous five years till 2010 Q3.
Three objectives will be studied in this thesis: (1) what are the global strategies that lead to new product development capability and technology innovation? (2) What are the key process and systems of new product development (NPD) that result in the lowest development cost and fastest development lead time? (3) How do customers’ comments and feedbacks impact product planning and management? In summary, this study is to explore Acer’s core competence that results in business rampaging growth during the years 2005 to 2010.
Research framework of this study consists of three constructs: (1) Global strategies: global, business and product level, (2) NPD organizations, processes and systems, (3) Technology innovation and management capabilities. As an exploratory study, qualitative research is adopted to conduct case study on the firm – Acer, which has attained 16% global PC market share in 2010. For data collection and digestion, primary data were obtained through multiple sources of evidence and findings in order to increase its validity. Some data came from internal business and product development documents especially on sales, marketing, product management, R&D and quality service. There are other data sources such as articles’ tabular content, case study database, and senior colleagues’ notes and opinions to the above-mentioned questions. Why do top-management strategies of a corporate deeply influence allocation and integration of global resources? What does internal NPD organizational adaption should be engaged with continuous improving design process? Which projects could attain optimization of the NPD systems will be analyzed as well.
Findings of this study are as below:
1. Acer business goal develops varies of global strategies that clearly define task ownerships between business teams and NPD teams.
2. Acer’s global outsourcing strategy may assist with company’s operational efficiency and enhance product design quality by leveraging talented resources with their capable management skill.
3. Acer cost leadership strategy driven by top management stays the sustainability of global competitiveness.
4. The four times M&A events increased market share significantly but took heavy resources to the companies being acquired during the years of 2006-2009.
5. Project matrix organization is most common one that allows top management to allocate capable development resources to control projects in schedule, cost, and specification.
6. Simplification with modularity of system design during NPD is to save development cost and create flexibility of product SKU to the market.
7. A learning company like Acer may improve internal NPD design defects by continuously taking process refinement and project management to achieve the best NPD practice.
8. A fast adaptability of new technology design in platform during NPD for different managerial and function teams to perform technology innovation.
9. To leverage global legal experienced resource and system to enhance legal management capability to closely engaged with R&D during NPD design works.
10. Listen to the value voices of customers for product planning and quality improvement may play a key refinement process to sustain product in competitiveness.
At the end, practical suggestions will be given for companies in PC industry on business and product strategies management plan and how to optimize internal NPD system to refine process, project and organization by different level of management capabilities and technology innovation. That could render a company highly competitive in a global PC market place.
Keywords: Acer, Dell, HP, NPD, core competence, global strategies, technology innovation, cost leadership, R&D, M&A, project matrix organization, SKU
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多國企業區域化型態之調整與組織改變 / Multinational Company's Organizational Change in the Process of Regionalization李穎貞, Lee, Ying-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
許多多國企業之研究將多國企業之組織架構區分為幾種類型。例如Bartlett & Ghoshal提出全球企業(global companies)、多國企業(multinational companies)、國際企業(international companies)與跨國企業(transnational companies)。國內亦有研究(翁良杰,2004 )將多國企業於亞太區域之策略類型分為四種:區域中心型、跨國中心型、全球中心型、地區中心型以呼應Bartlett & Ghoshal之四種類型。
然而多國企業的組織架構並非能以四種架構簡單地區分之,原因在於從功能構面來看,某功能的資源與知能可能在母國總部整合,但另一功能的資源與知能卻在區域作整合。某些流程在區域不銜接反而在以國家為單位的子公司銜接,但有些流程卻在區域作銜接。因此研究多國企業時無法簡單區分該企業採用的是產品別、地區別還是功能別組織,亦無法直接將組織架構分成區域中心型或是跨國中心型。
本研究透過個案訪談瞭解多國企業在亞太區域及大中華區的整合策略、策略意涵與環境前提,探討台灣子公司於整合架構下的角色與地位、從事之價值活動的消長。研究架構應用司徒達賢(2005)提出之六大管理元素及主軸、輔軸之組織架構分析。利用主軸與輔軸之觀念,描述其六大管理元素的變化,可以解釋雖然各個多國企業都採用產品別與地區別的混合式組織架構,但是仍有組織架構內細部狀況與區域策略的差異。個案公司為金百利克拉克公司、惠普公司、柯達公司及雀巢公司。透過訪談四家公司之高階經理人得到以下結論:
金百利克拉克公司以各區域為協調單位,各國子公司負責行銷、銷售、生產;研發統一至全球總部。因此其生產活動以「地區」為主軸,由各國負責生產活動;以功能為「輔軸」各國生產單位間相互學習技術,進行經驗分享。研發活動以「功能」為主軸,由全球研發單位統籌基礎技術之發展;以「地區」為輔軸,各地區研發單位將總部研發之科技加以應用於各產品中。銷售以「地區」為主軸,各國擁有銷售團隊服務當地客戶,並直接向各國總經理報告;以「功能」為輔軸,由各地區區域總部銷售單位給予指導,同時亦向區域總部報告各國業績機系。行銷以「地區」為主軸,由各國自行訂定行銷策略。而各產品由不同的行銷團隊負責,由全球總部指導各產品的品牌團隊,負責各子公司某產品品牌之建立,因此以「產品」為輔軸。財務以「功能」為主軸,全球總部透過區域到各國的財務體系管轄整體財務狀況;以「地區」為輔軸,各國財務長向總經理報告。
惠普公司之各國子公司獨立運作,為銷售單位。生產、研發以全球為規模進行協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸;研發以「功能」為主軸;銷售活動,企業系統及科技服務事業群以「功能」為主軸,將兩事業群銷售團隊整合為一;以「地區」為輔軸,由各地區企業系統事業群總經理整合兩銷售團隊,整合後銷售團隊向地區企業系統事業群總經理報告;另外,「產品」為另一輔軸,負責產品知識與能力的支援。各產品線相互支援,例如企業系統與科技服務事業群,以協助業務發展。個人系統及影像暨列印事業群則以「產品」為主軸,各自有銷售團隊;以「地區」為輔軸,銷售團隊報告給各地區事業群總經理。
柯達公司以區域為發展重心,如亞太區及大中華區協調行銷、財務等;生產及研發則以全球規模作協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸,以全球為基礎尋找最適的生產基地,再將產品出口至各國銷售據點。研發以「功能」為主軸,由全球總部負責研發活動。銷售以「地區」為主軸,各子公司業務團隊向子公司總經理報告後,總經理再向區域總部報告;以「功能」為輔軸,統一不同產品線的業務人員由精簡的業務人員同時負責不同產品線。行銷以「地區」為主軸,以地區為單位,進行行銷活動前半部包括創意、測試等工作以降低成本;以「功能」為輔軸,區域完成前半部工作後再交由各國行銷部門負責行銷活動後半部,如在地化修改等工作。
雀巢公司以區域為發展重心,如亞太區及大中華區協調行銷、財務等;生產及研發則以全球規模作協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸,以全球為基礎尋找最適的生產基地,再將產品出口至各國銷售據點。研發以「功能」為主軸,由全球總部負責研發活動。銷售以「地區」為主軸,各子公司業務團隊向總經理報告。行銷以「地區」為主軸、「功能」為輔軸,與柯達公司之組織架構有相同情形。
除上述組織架構外,本研究發現以下區域化策略趨勢及特性:
1.區域整合趨勢:亞太區域內新興市場為中心再劃分初次區域。
2.多國企業市場開拓者角色之轉變:從過去以國家重心變成由區域來執行。
3.權力重心之轉移:從過去的分權(母公司對區域總部分權)再演變為集權(次區域總部對區域內各國集權,由次區域總部統籌各國決策)
4.增設新的區域成為多國企業發展新興市場的組織架構方式 。
5.子公司獨特能力影響其在區域內重要性。
6.台灣子公司在區域化趨勢下往往自主權降低,唯有擁有獨特資源或能力時,區域發展重心才不會從台灣轉移至其他國家。
7.外商在區域化趨勢下因地制宜程度降低使得本土公司在本地需求與區域需求差異大的前提下有機會侵蝕外商的市占率。
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