本篇論文針對社群使用者在社群網路文章上的互動行為進行研究，以視覺化工具Shareflow探索互動過程中造成資訊擴散的意見領袖以及傳播路徑。本研究主要分成兩個部分，第一部分為單一篇文章的分享路徑視覺化，基於階層化邊線綑綁(Hierarchical edge bundles)方法，根據控制點的引導將鄰近邊線進行綑綁，透過邊線捆綁舒緩資料量過大時造成之視覺混亂(visual clutter)問題。第二部分為粉絲專頁文章視覺化，分析多篇文章中具有多次分享、留言行為之使用者，呈現整體社群中積極活動的使用者以及其相關文章的視覺化。最後提供即時互動操作介面，以並列方式呈現出資料的廣度和深度，本研究的貢獻為提供一套視覺化工具，協助使用者探索臉書社群網路中的資訊散播過程以及發掘積極活動的臉書使用者。 / In this thesis, we propose a visualization tool, “Shareflow”, for observing the user activities in social media posts, and to explore opinion leaders and the propagation path caused by the information diffusion. Our approach contains two parts. The first part is a visualization of propagation path for a post in Facebook fanpage. Based on hierarchical edge bundles, we optimize the layout to reduce visual clutter caused by excessive information. The second part is visualization for a summary of posts in Facebook fanpage. It provides a tool for analysis the active users through their sharing and comments activities; In addition, we provide a real-time interactive interface, which demonstrates the breadth and depth of information concurrently.

The jump phenomenons of many financial assets prices have been observed in many empirical papers. In this paper we extend the Heath-Jarrow-Morton model to include the jump component to derive the European-style pricing formula of the interest rate futures options. We use numerical method to simulate the options prices and analyze how each component of HJM model under jump-diffusion processes affects the interest rate futures options. Finally, we utilize LSM method which are presented by Longstaff and Schwartz to derive American options prices and compare it with European options.

銷售力一直是一個企業關切的主要議題，借助Vidale-Wolfe數學模型，我們提出一個銷售力數學模型。藉由熱傳導方程，刻畫由資訊交流產生的自身銷售力。在資訊交流及商品促銷下產生的銷售力，可經由非齊次熱傳導方程描繪。然而，我們無法以單一非齊次熱傳導方程描繪所有情況，因此，模型建立與問題解決須於不同情況下逐一地討論。 透過充分的數據，銷售力是可以被預估的；另外，我們也可以利用此模型，對於行銷策略加以評估。 異於以往大部分的研究，此模型加入了空間上的概念，對於傳導現象而言，這是相當重要的。 / Sale intensity is always one of the major subjects that business is concerned about. We propose a mathematical model based on the concept given by Vidale-Wolfe to characterize the behavior of sale intensity. Using the sense of diffusion in heat equation, we could characterize the behavior of sale intensity starting from the spontaneous sale intensity caused by the circulating of information. The behavior of changing on sale intensity under the effect of diffusing by the circulating of information and the promoting activities can be generally modeled as nonhomogeneous heat equations. However, because of the great difference between cases, the problem formulating and model solving cannot be generally modeled as one certain nonhomogeneous heat equation and are restricted to be discussed case by case.% The further sale intensity is predictable possibly with sufficient data, but without sufficient data, we can also use the model to appraise the spontaneous sale intensity and the benefit of each advertising strategy in practical. Different from most previous relevant studies, the model supports the studies of sale intensity diffusing over geographic regions, which is especially of significance in spontaneous sale intensity.

本研究欲探討這些手工品牌創作者，如何從社經體制邊陲漸漸邁向社會主流？以及在這過程中，他們運用的行銷組合策略為何？希望開啟大家對手工品牌創作者的重視與提倡，並且對手工品牌創作者有更深入的認識與瞭解。 手工品牌創作者在邁入主流市場過程中，其共同發展的脈絡如下： 一、 手工品牌創作者透過品牌延伸的方式快速推出新產品，目標市場策略由單一利基市場進行擴散，最終以大眾市場為目標。並採取知覺價值定價法。 二、 手工品牌創作者在創意市集和寄售通路獲得早期接受者，但也面臨商業機制的挑戰。 三、 手工品牌創作者以「產品優異+顧客偏愛」的競爭優勢跨越市場的鴻溝。 四、 手工品牌創作者整合實體與虛擬通路，配合大眾媒體與人際溝通管道推廣品牌。 五、 與企業合作的異質性溝通直接影響手工品牌創作者邁向大眾市場。 最後本研究並指出，建構獨自的經營哲學，以及突破市場考驗，是手工品牌創作者邁向大眾市場的關鍵成功因素。經營哲學意指品牌的經營手法以及創作者推廣的努力程度；市場考驗意指品牌的相容性、相對優勢屬性，以及是否達到關鍵多數的接受者。

優質化治理的追求不僅講求政府間的互動學習，亦講求學習標的的擴散。近年來政府引進公民參與理念，打破閉門造車的政策制定模式，隨著時間的發展，諸多機關開始辦理公民會議，本研究應用擴散理論分析公民會議在行政體系內部擴散的成因，並討論公民會議在台灣擴散的發展及限制。本研究針對十餘場公民會議，利用次級資料分析及深度訪談，從動機、資源、環境、效益四項因素分析過去各機關單位辦理公民會議的經驗，並探究自公民會議引進至今所遭遇之阻礙。研究結果顯示政府機關透過多種管道與社會團體、學界進行互動，取得公民會議的相關資訊，同時機關首長基於個人理念、內部業務需求、外在環境壓力等考量指示辦理公民會議，這些面向的交互作用促成台灣公民會議於行政體系內部的擴散。然而在公民會議發展歷程中，因公民會議執行過程的瑕疵、後續產出可觀察性低、政黨理念未能貫徹、體制及配套措施不足、人事更替頻繁、公民會議的工具性消失等因素阻礙公民會議的發展。本研究發現公民會議在行政體系內部的擴散乃是政策企業家的努力，其夾帶豐富的資訊資源與機關單位互動，或直接或間接地成就公民會議的發展。然而基礎體制建設的缺乏對公民會議的發展形成限制，因此未來應致力於審議民主體制建設以及強化人力資源發展。由於本研究為初探性嘗試，建議未來隨著實務發展強化擴散模型建構，並深化我國政策學習及擴散的學術累積。 / Good governance emphasizes not only the interactions between governments, but diffusion of objects among governments. Recently, the government has imported the concept of citizen participation and breaks the traditional way of policy making. As time goes by, the development of citizen participation has been more mature. Many agencies have started holding consensus conferences. The thesis applies diffusion theory to analyze the reasons why consensus conferences diffused within the government and discusses its development and restriction. The study focuses on more than ten consensus conferences and uses secondary data and in-depth interview to collect research data. The author analyzes the experience of individual agency according to their motivation, resource, environment, and benefit; and the author also examines the obstacles in the development of the consensus conferences. The findings reveal that the government interacts with social groups and academic community to get information about consensus conferences. At the same time, the chiefs of the executive branches give an instruction about holding the activities based on their preferences, internal requirements, and the pressure of external environment. The interaction of these aspects makes a contribution to the diffusion of the consensus conferences within the government. However, the flaws of implementation processes, lower observability, lack of relative measures and infrastructure, frequent personnel rotation, and the disappearance of the instrumentality constrain the expanding of the ideas and operations. This research also finds that the diffusion of ideas and operations is accomplished due to the efforts invested by policy entrepreneurs; they use abundant resources and information to interact with agencies directly or indirectly promoting the development of consensus conferences. However, incomplete infrastructure constrains the expansion of consensus conferences. Therefore, this study proposes that the government should enhance infrastructure and human resource development regarding deliberative democracy. As an exploratory study, this thesis suggests the public administration field should strengthen the diffusion model and accumulate studies of policy learning and diffusion in the future.

開放政府資料能帶來龐大的經濟效益以及達到透明治理的理念，已成為電子治理最重要的議題之一，各國政府如美國、英國、加拿大無不積極推動開放政府資料政策。我國行政院亦將政府資料開放列為第四階段電子化政府計畫的項目之一，中央機關與地方政府將分別建立開放資料平台，並要求將機關所擁有之資料逐步開放予社會大眾使用。在此背景下，財政部財政資訊中心預建置財政資訊共享服務平台，來達到資料開放政策的目標。本研究目的在於該平台的推動在實務上面臨了哪些困難，後續還有哪些地方需要克服，這樣的經驗能帶給其他行政機關哪些啟示。 本研究首先整理國內外開放政府資料的文獻，其次介紹創新擴散理論，作為財政資訊中心推動財政資訊共享服務平台的階段基礎，並以訪談法蒐集相關資料。本研究最後以議題設定與配對階段、再定義/再建構階段、闡述階段及例行化階段為主軸，分別探討各階段的推動工作與困境。 本研究發現，推動財政資訊共享服務平台的主要工作與困境包括溝通策略、法律規範、分工方式、業務單位的抗拒與資料的價值。財資中心在政策規劃面、組織管理面以及法律規範面仍有改進空間，包括改變同仁的觀念態度、提出明確的評估報告、團隊成員的代表性、訂定行政規則以及與相關單位共商修法議題。未來有意推動相關政策的機關，除了前述財資中心應該改進之處，尚須注意組織文化以及公民參與的部分，讓政策推動的阻力降至最低。 / Open government data (OGD) can brings great economic benefit and promotes more openness in government, it has become one of the most important issues in e-Government around the world. An open data policy was enacted by the Executive Yuan at the end of 2013, both central and local governments should gradually release their possessed data to the public. In the context of open data policy, Fiscal Information Agency, MOF tries to establish an open data platform of Ministry of Finance. However, the open data policy in Taiwan is still in a stage of sprouting, it is an innovation policy and brand new notion to many governments, the objective of this research is to analyze what obstacles does Fiscal Information Agency, MOF meet when promoting the open data platform of Ministry of Finance, and how could this experience be learned. First of all, the research introduces the literatures about open data. Secondly, quoting the Innovation Diffusion Theory as the conceptual framework and conducting interviews. The analysis about the works and obstacles is individually based on the phase of agenda setting, matching, redefining/restructuring, clarifying and routinizing. The results show the main work and obstacles including the strategy of communication, legal norms, division of labor, resistance of agency and the value of data. There are still areas of improvement for Fiscal Information Agency, MOF, such as changing the concept of colleagues, providing a tangible report about open data and the representativeness of group. The lessons from this study are expected to provide insights to the Taiwan government when it tries to engage the open data policy.

中國歷代的各種藝術品與建築上富有多樣的裝飾紋樣，多是古人根據自然現象與生物的觀察加以風格化而成。而非相片寫實電腦繪圖技術(Non-photorealistic Rendering)之目的是分析各種繪畫形式的規則並且建立出一套生成系統。本論文以裝飾紋路中的傳統獸面紋圖樣做為研究對象及發展其生成技術，分析傳統獸面紋結構並找出生物與獸面紋間的關聯性，對資料庫進行結構性比對方法來進行五官特徵的生成並改善現有著作之成果。在花紋特徵生成上，應用了反應-擴散(Reaction-Diffusion)方法來保留和風格化輸入影像的花紋特徵並用以強化獸面紋的裝飾，同時也能根據給定向量場的資訊擴散出符合向量流向的背景裝飾紋路。結合以上之特徵，所提出的系統可生成出一張具傳統獸面紋風格之影像，並做出可應用在東方風格之遊戲或是商標上的結果。

2007年11月全球網路書局巨擘Amazon正式宣布進軍電子書事業，發表一款名為「Kindle」的電子書以及相關營運服務，旋即造成搶購風潮。 此電子書使用E-ink公司研發的電子墨顯示技術，讓使用者的使用彷彿覺得是閱讀印刷物，而電子墨技術已存在四十餘年，最早發明於Xerox Palo Alto Research Center，此技術以使用黑白的電子墨形成可反射環境光顯示方式，有別於主流使用於筆記型電腦或桌上監視器的彩色顯示器，電子書以採反射式，能在有環境照明時清晰可視，不須要一般顯示器的背光源，所以有較低的耗電，同時也可以有較輕與薄的設計。 此差異化的顯示技術與產品定位讓E-ink創新技術花費將近十年均只有極小衆的需求，直到2008年才見有起飛的成長。 本論文透過分析E-ink個案之創新技術擴散歷程，並佐證先前相關創新技術擴散理論之文獻，闡述擴散模式、影響因素、與創新採用過程來明瞭E-ink創新擴散的驅動力。 E-ink創新技術之應用與其他創新技術的最大差異，它不僅是個破壞式創新技術，它的應用是需要改變採用者使用方式。 此類的創新技術不像其他大多數的創新技術是新增使用方式或察覺不出使用方式須改變。 所以研究其技術擴散歷程可幫助我們明瞭此類較不易擴散的創新技術如何能加速其市場擴散。此研究同時比較應用E-ink電子墨顯示技術的電子書與其他新技術與產品市場擴散之差異，包括應用高密度積體電路記憶體設計與製造技術的數位音訊播放器(MP3 player)、應用薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器技術的大尺寸液晶平面電視與應用投射式電容觸控技術的平板電腦。 本研究我們發現，E-ink創新技術的應用驅動採用者改變其以往的使用方式，而此驅動力的來源就是使用創新技術的新產品價值主張。 在此個案中更進一步發現擴散模式的兩股驅動力可改變產品擴散市場的強度，首先是技術發展達到產品可滿足客戶最低的價值主張期望，第二是此價值主張讓使用者選擇此新技術帶來創新產品的需求滿足。 延伸觀察使用方式改變的擴散主要為兩個因素的函數，一為內部推動力- 包括新技術的技術發展力、供應力。另一為外部拉引力- 包括市場對產品價值主張的吸引力、其他創新技術使用的協同效果、銷售模式與經營模式對產品的推廣能力。 創新技術是一個高科技公司維持營運與成長的重要資產，但如何能將創新技術應用於產品成功的擴散市場，若能掌握重要的驅動因子，方可將此資產較快速地轉變為倍數的財源。 本研究分析改變使用方式的破壞性創新E-ink電子墨顯示技術的擴散模式，發現初期的擴散以內部技術力與供應能力驅動為主，建議企業在此時期應思考如何應用創新技術定位產品，同時定位於最核心的價值位置建立商業模式。 在此能力逐漸增強之後，其擴散則以外部市場吸引力驅動為主，必須在市場推出所謂「殺手級應用」產品，即應用此破壞性創新技術突顯差異的產品價值主張，而能跨越採用者鴻溝。 同時建議企業在此時應著力於產品開發策略，市場推出的產品必須滿足多層次採用者不同的需求，適當的規劃產品直到技術漸趨成熟而衰退。 / It has became one of the most popular consumer electronics since Amazon, the world leading bookstore, announced to enter eBook business and launched a reading device, called “Kindle” in November 2007. This eBook device applies a simple electronic ink display technology from E-ink and let readers to view the display just like to view a printed book. This electronic ink display have been developed more than 40 years and invented in Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. This technology applies dark and white electronic ink which could reflect ambient light to display black and white image on the screen. The display don't need a backlight as conventional LCD screens, and can also be viewed under sunlight as printed paper. In the same time, it has a less power consumption and could have a slim and light design for easy carry. But, it has spent more than 10 years to only gain a small population of customers to use this differentiating display and product which apply this E-ink innovative technology. After Amazon launched “Kindle” in late 2007, we observed this technology fast diffuse to the mass market. This thesis is to study a diffusion model of E-ink disruptive technology. Review prior articles of technology diffusion theory, model of innovation diffusion, factors of innovation diffusion and adoption of innovation to understand driving forces of E-ink technology diffusion. The major difference of E-ink technology from others is to require changing the user usage method when it appy to an electroic paper. It is not only a disruptive change, but requires changing user usage experience. Most of other new technologies are to add new or be easy usage, won’t feel a change of usage method and experience. Research the diffusion model of this disruptive technology help us to understand how we could expedite this type of new technology to the market. In this study, we also compare other similar applications of new technologies, such as MP3 player which apply high density of integrated circuit memory design and manufacturing; Large sized TFT LCD TV which using TFT LCD technology; and Tablet computer which adopt capacitive touch technology. To compare those technologies market diffusion with E-ink display technology. We have found the driving force to adopt E-ink technology and make change of user usage is the value proposition of products which adapt this innovative technology. Furthermore, we conclude two driving forces to enhance diffuse into mass market. First one is to meet the minimum expectations of the value proposition from this new technology. Second is to meet the needs of users who select this new technology. In addition to, it observed two important factors to change usage adoption, one is internal push force, and the other is external pull force. Internal push forces include technology development; and capability of supply chain. External pull forces include market attraction of product value propositions; synergy for using other technologies in the products; sales and business models to promote products. Innovative technology is an important asset to sustain company growth in a high- tech company. But how it could successfully apply the innovative technology to a product and diffuse into the market? It is important to know key driving forces, so this asset is able to turn into cash for continuous funding new innovation. This study analyzes the diffusion model of a disruptive E-ink display technology. We have found early diffusion forces are depended on technology and supply chain capability. It suggests company to focus how to initiate the product position with technology capability for meeting expectation of value proposition. In the mean time, it needs to build the supply chain infrastructure to position core value of new technology. Once company has built the technology capability, diffusion forces move to market pull. It starts to launch a “killer application” product to apply this technology and underline differentiating product value proposition, so it is able to cross the “chasm”. It also suggests company to adjust strategy on product development and requires having a broader product portfolio to meet a variety of customer needs. Finally, plan product development for mainstream applications utill technology is gradually slowdown.

《財富》雜誌對美國頂尖企業執行長所作的意見調查中「創新」被列為經營策略的重要考量，由此可見創新是企業維持競爭力、持續成長的重要關鍵。在涵蓋全球廣大市場、使用人數保持50%驚人成長的網際網路產業，創新更是必須修練的學分，近年智慧型手機帶動的新紀元中，以社群網站facebook的崛起最令人驚艷，不但在短短五年裡成為Yahoo!、Google廣告勁敵，也改變過去入口網站、搜尋引擎獨霸的市場版圖。 本研究以價值創新的角度，探討facebook如何將社群網站的特性截長補短，透過企業結合顧客共創價值的方式，將創新迅速擴散，突破過去社群網站的成長瓶頸，成為網路世代最常互動的社交場域。 在文獻探討部分，本研究將不同學者對創新的定義歸納統整出一套分析架構，再深入描述facebook的企業實務內容，並與「價值創新」與「創新擴散」理論相互印證，得出階段性、全面性的成功經營策略，希望提供社群網站、網路資訊仲介業者及一般企業進行創新時的參考。

Black and Scholes評價模型假設標的資產價格變動行為為服從常態分配的一連續擴散過程(Continuous Diffusion Process)。然而，許多實證研究結果指出相較於常態分配，市場上資產報酬形態多具有厚尾（Fatter Tails）、偏態、高峰態與價格不連續之現象。Merton(1976)提出跳躍擴散模型，在標的資產價格行為服從跳躍擴散程序的假設下，求算選擇權理論價格，有效地解釋市場資產報酬分配型態呈現偏態、高峰態及價格不連續等現象。本文在標的資產價格行為服從Merton（1976）跳躍擴散程序（Jump-Diffusion Process）的假設下，利用Broadie and Glasserman（1997a）所提出之隨機樹狀模型（Random Tree Model）來評價具有提前履約性質的美式選擇權，利用一信賴區間來解決一般美式選擇權模擬估計所產生之偏誤問題。