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品牌概念地圖:結構化與非結構化方法比較研究 / Brand concept maps: comparative research of structured and unstructured凌筠婷 Unknown Date (has links)
在產品充斥市場的時代,追求獨特的產品功能已經不是各品牌最重要的目標,建立正確的品牌形象已經是目前最重要的議題,一個明確的品牌形象能建立長期的品牌價值,進而影響消費者的品牌滿意度、忠誠度與購買行為(Bhat & Reddy, 1998)。一般品牌形象研究者多用量化的問卷調查法來進行研究,部分研究者也使用質化的研究方法如自由聯想法、深度訪談法等,概念地圖此種研究方法在心理學領域早已開始使用,源自於激發擴散理論,認為人們腦子中對事物的概念彼此之間互相連結成一個網狀系統,若一個概念被觸動,其它的概念便會連動產生。這種圖像式的方法近年被用在品牌行銷方面,用來了解人們記憶中的品牌形象聯想結構(Henderson, Iacobucci, & Calder, 1998)。
過去在概念地圖的操作上,各有不同的操作流程,當受試者要繪製品牌概念地圖時有提供受試者備選概念的方法稱做「結構化方法」,沒有提供備選概念而讓受試者針對研究品牌進行聯想的方法稱為「非結構化方法」,過去雖然這兩種方法皆有研究者使用,但未有研究比較這兩種方法操作結果上的差異,也沒有針對非結構化方法進行信效度檢測,故本研究目的在於了解結構化與非結構化方法在實驗之後繪製成的「品牌共識地圖」之差異,以及使用結構化方法信效度的檢測方式來檢測非結構化方法,以確定非結構化方法是否有足夠的信效度與在品牌形象研究上的適用性。
本研究挑選與大學生較為相關的牛仔褲品類進行研究,以網路問卷方式尋找出熟悉度居中的品牌「Blue way/鬼洗」牛仔褲做為研究品牌。本研究發現,不論是結構化或非結構化方法皆無法穩定且有效地測量「Blue way/鬼洗」牛仔褲的品牌形象,但這並非代表品牌概念地圖是一個不具有信效度的研究方法,可能是因為本研究所選擇的產品品類屬於低涉入且高體驗性產品,一般消費者若沒有實際購買或使用過此類產品,較難留下深刻印象,且一般大學生在購買此類產品時品牌忠誠度不高,對品牌的印象也不深。
本研究延伸分析未來欲研究非結構化方法的研究者一個訂定標準的方向,若非結構化方法欲繪製品牌共識地圖,可將挑選核心概念的標準稍做修正,以求更符合非結構化方法的特性。在實務建議方面,本研究發現不論是結構化或非結構化方法,在核心概念的選擇上都有一定的信度水準,可知若是新推出的品牌希望知道消費者對這個品牌的印象,或是研究競品在消費者心目中的定位,可利用品牌概念地圖來蒐集相關的概念。
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臺灣地區國民小學校長科技領導對智慧教室創新擴散影響之研究 / Research on the Effect of Principals’ Technology Leadership on the Diffusion of Innovations in Smarter Classroomsin Elementary Schools in Taiwan何寶妍, Ho, Pao Yen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討臺灣地區國民小學校長科技領導與智慧教室創新擴散的現況,分析不同背景變項與環境變項國民小學之教師,知覺校長科技領導與智慧教室創新擴散之差異情形,並探究國民小學校長科技領導對智慧教室創新擴散之關係,根據研究結論提出建議供有關單位參考。
為達到研究目的,本研究採用問卷調查法,以臺灣地區46所設置有智慧教室的公立國民小學,以校內的教師兼主任、教師兼組長、級任老師與科任教師為研究對象,共寄發問卷364份,回收有效問卷298份,有效回收率為81.87 %。本研究使用SPSS for Windows 20.0 、社會網絡分析軟體(Ucinet 6)及LISREL為資料分析軟體,獲得以下結論 :
一、臺灣地區國小教師對國民小學校長科技領導及智慧教室創新擴散的
知覺程度整體而言屬中上程度,其整體表現已有一定水準。
二、不同性別、年齡、服務年資、學校歷史之國民小學教師在知覺校長
科技領導及智慧教室創新擴散上,均無顯著差異。
三、不同最高學歷、職務性質、學校規模、學校所在位置、智慧教室的
間數、每週智慧教室使用的次數之國民小學教師在知覺校長科技領
導及智慧教室創新擴散上,具有顯著差異。
四、國民小學校長科技領導與智慧教室創新擴散之間具有顯著相關。
五、國民小學校長科技領導對智慧教室創新擴散有預測力,其中以「願
景、計畫與管理」的預測力最高。
六、本研究建構之模式經過結構方程模式檢定獲得支持,國民小學校長
科技領導對智慧教室創新擴散具有正向顯著的影響。
最後依據上述研究結論,提出具體建議,做為教育行政機關、國民小學校長參考運用。
關鍵詞:校長科技領導、智慧教室、創新擴散、社會網絡 / Research on the Effect of Principals’ Technology Leadership
on the Diffusion of Innovations in Smarter Classrooms
in Elementary Schools in Taiwan
Abstract
This study investigated the current status of principals’ technology leadership and the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms in elementary schools in Taiwan. It also analyzed the difference of elementary school teachers’ perceptions toward their principals’ technology leadership and the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms under different background and environmental variables. Moreover, it probed into the relationship of principals’ technology leadership on the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms. According to the research results, suggestions are given to relevant units for reference.
For the above research purposes, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on teachers who are concurrently directors, teachers who are concurrently supervisors, homeroom teachers, and subject teachers, of 46 elementary schools in Taiwan provided with smarter classrooms. A total of 364 questionnaires were distributed, and 298 valid samples were retrieved, with a valid return rate of 81.87%. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 20.0, social network analysis software Ucinet 6, and LISREL. The findings are as follows:
1. In Taiwan, the elementary school teachers’ perceptions towards the elementary school principals’ technology leadership and the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms are above average as a whole. Its overall performance meets the standard.
2. For elementary school teachers of different genders, ages, teaching years and school history, their perceptions towards the principals’ technology leadership and the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms have no obvious difference.
3. For elementary school teachers of different educational backgrounds, duties, school sizes, school locations, number of smarter classrooms, number of weekly uses in the smarter classrooms, their perceptions towards the principals’ technology leadership and the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms are obviously different.
4. There is a significant correlation between the elementary school principals’ technology leadership and the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms.
5. Elementary school principals’ technology leadership has predictive power on the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms; among them, the predictive power on vision, planning, and management is the highest.
6. The constructed modeling of this research was tested and supported by the Structural Equation Modeling, that elementary school principals’ technology leadership has a positive effect on the diffusion of innovations in smarter classrooms.
Finally, based on the above conclusions, specific suggestions are offered to educational authorities and elementary schools for reference.
Keywords: Principals' Technology Leadership, Smarter Classrooms, Diffusion of Innovations, Social Network
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從創新擴散觀點探討行動行銷─台灣綜合廣告代理商多重個案 / Research on Mobile Marketing from the Perspective of Innovation Diffusion: Multiple cases of Taiwan Advertising Agencies鄭茹憶 Unknown Date (has links)
行動行銷將為行銷的未來(Rick, 2005),透過無線科技的應用,消費者可以以隨時隨地接收到廣告主所發送的行銷活動訊息,並產生即時的互動,研究也顯示此科技應用的有效性,雖這群使用者目前正在增加,但仍為少數,在台灣更是如此。本研究主要目的從創新擴散觀點探討台灣行動行銷為何擴散如此緩慢,此解釋性個案研究將對同件事件提出對立的解釋,並指出如何應用此解釋到其他的創新擴散過程中;以組織層級為主,針對行銷部門,本研究將以多重及嵌入式個案研究,藉由主要影響科技採用與擴散的四因素,包括高階主管的支持、採用單位的專業程度、外界資訊的來源與外部環境所致的壓力,加上與該組織內部與外部環境(包括組織給予的資源與預算、科技廠商給予的專業知識支援、科技廠商對科技環境的教育與訓練,及組織的外部環境對組織策略的影響)來瞭解行動行銷在台灣綜合廣告代理產業的型態。 / Mobile marketing would be the future of marketing. (Rick, 2005). Consumers can receive messages of marketing campaigns from advertisers anywhere and anytime, and make interactions instantly. Studies also show the effectiveness of this new marketing mix tool. The adopters have continually emerged, though there are still few, Taiwan, in particular. The aim of this study is to explain why mobile marketing in Taiwan diffuse slowly from the perspective of innovation diffusion. The research is an explanatory case study, which would pose competing explanations for the same set of events and to indicate how such explanations may apply to other innovation diffusion processes. Conducted at entire organization level, marketing department in particular, an embedded, multiple case study would be used to describe the pattern of mobile marketing diffusion in Taiwan advertising agencies by utilizing four important facilitating factors(including Top management support, Professionalism of adopting unit, External information sources, and External pressure), and a diffusion circuit(including Resources and budget, Expertise from the professional unit, Education and training to the host environment, and Strategic impact to the host organization).
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影響民眾使用行動銀行之關鍵因素探討 / A Study of Key Factors Affecting Consumers’ Intention to Use Mobile Banking譚嘉玲 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文之研究目的為找出影響民眾使用行動銀行使用意願的關鍵因素。本研究之研究模型以創新擴散理論為基礎架構,同時納入加值服務、移轉障礙、品牌熟悉度、信任以及服務品質,用以探討民眾使用行動銀行的態度以及意願。本研究並將所提出之研究模型進行實證分析,研究對象為台灣地區的民眾,包括實際以及具高度潛力的行動銀行未來使用者,共回收730份有效問卷,其中446份有行動銀行使用經驗,另外284份則無。本研究模型變數包含相對優越性、複雜性、相容性、加值服務、人際關係、轉換成本、替代方案吸引力、品牌熟悉度、信任、服務品質、態度、使用意願以及正向口碑。本研究使用LISREL 8.7進行結構方程模式分析,將回收之樣本依照行動銀行使用經驗的有無個別分析其結果,分析結果顯示,針對有行動銀行使用經驗的民眾,相對優越性、加值服務、信任、服務品質與民眾對於行動銀行的態度呈現顯著正相關;而轉換成本則對民眾對於行動銀行的態度呈現顯著負相關;此外,民眾對於行動銀行之態度也與其使用意願有顯著正相關,民眾的使用意願更與其正向口碑有顯著正相關。針對沒有行動銀行使用經驗的民眾,相容性、加值服務與民眾對於行動銀行的態度呈現顯著正相關;而人際關係與替代方案吸引力則對民眾對於行動銀行的態度呈現顯著負相關;此外,民眾對於行動銀行之態度也與其使用意願有顯著正相關。 不同於以往的研究,本研究針對台灣地區之行動銀行應用程式進行討論,並且納入了許多從未被應用在行動銀行的因素,包含加值服務、移轉障礙、正向口碑等變數,是一篇十分創新的研究。本研究之研究結果可作為日後學術研究之參考,亦可作為銀行推廣行動銀行時的實務參考。
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從社會網絡看組織創新-以台灣電視產業為例 / The Study of Organizational Innovation Based on Social Network Theory in Taiwan Television Industry王雅君 Unknown Date (has links)
在高度競爭的企業環境中,要能夠因應環境的變化、強化自身競爭力,「創新」是重要的途徑之一。也因此,「組織創新」的相關研究,包含創新的內容(產品創新、服務創新、商業模式創新等)、創新的模式、創新導入等研究主題,多年來,已經累積相當豐碩的成果。
我們可以說,在管理學研究的領域當中,「組織創新」已經自成一個完整的範疇。然而,儘管過去的研究成果斐然,但隨著網路世代的來臨與全球化趨勢,企業所面臨的挑戰更大,未來等待詮釋解答的課題將方興未艾。
本研究的關切焦點集中在媒體產業的「創新擴散」,其原因在於數位匯流(digital Convergence )趨勢對媒體產業造成的衝擊,在「質」與「量」的層面上,相較於其他產業所面臨的變革壓力,都是有過之而無不及。
所謂「數位匯流」,源於近年來數位傳輸與壓縮技術快速發展,帶動了影視產業數位化(Digital)的趨勢。而各類型影音內容載具(PC、手機、平板電腦)數位傳輸的能力不斷強化的結果,造成數位影音內容均可在不同載具上傳輸播放,也因而原本在電視、電信、網際網路等不同訊息載台傳輸的內容,因為一同趨向數位化的演變,使得這些不同傳輸管道的內容形成匯流化(convergence)的結果,因而過去壁壘分明的產業,以模糊分隔界線,快速的整合一個全新的生態系統(eco system)。以多元性的內容製作,結合多樣化的傳播與接收載具,顛覆以往的電視傳播產業的生態與收視市場。
媒體產業面臨如此的衝擊,電視媒體經營者等於是在同一時間承受「技術創新」、「服務創新」和「經營模式創新」的三大壓力。而傳統電視台從過去壟斷電視收視市場,穩坐市場主流。直到二十年前開始受到有線電視的挑戰。如今,到了數位匯流時代,卻仍以過去相對較無彈性的組織型態,來面對高度變動與不確定性的全新市場與產業的競爭,所以,不管是在自身條件上、或是客觀的環境上,台灣的無線與有線電視台媒體都面臨極大的壓力。
由網路科技的快速發展,所帶動的數位匯流之產業創新,閱聽人獲取資訊與接收影音的行為改變,導致傳統電視台的廣告收入銳減,雖相關領域的業者所關注的是新的商業模式,營收與收入產值從何而來如何能彌補逐漸流失的傳統廣告收入。我們深知,經營企業並沒有成功方程式,尤其是這一波全球化的產業變革風潮,變化之快,改變之大,更是難以掌握。雖然,國外已有發展出新的營收模式,如Google以搜尋及演算技術所發展的關鍵字廣告與Adence等多邊平台營收模式,又如大陸的眾多視頻網發展成熟會員付費模式,及相關的不同載具與通路的內容重組及加值運用,但能否持續的產生可觀的收入,尚待時間的觀察與考驗。但因企業要發展出新的營收模式,須考慮到企業本身的資源、能力條件、服務與產品等研發能力,各企業的條件不同,所發展出的營運模式皆會相差甚大,變數甚多。且數位匯流發展趨勢尚屬進行式的階段,目前尚未有堪稱有成功的商業模式。雖此以議題是大家所關切的目標,因變數太多,不在本論文的研究範圍。
本研究是聚焦在企業內的組織流程中,是否存在一種「將組織創新所需的外部資訊傳遞到組織末稍」的傳遞流程。因為,在數位匯流時代,外部知識或訊息變動速度快,電視台經營階層如何採納外部知識與訊息做成決策,而做成決策之後又如何在組織內進行擴散,將決策與相關背景傳遞到組織基層,這對於組織創新的成敗,對於因應數位化的成敗,具有關鍵的影響。
回到企業內的經營與管理,經營者之所以難以決策或執行創新構想,大都是缺乏適切的管道系統性取得對公司有益的訊息,或是未充分了解那些有用的創新構想,更遑論進一步的發展與應用。
本研究延伸Whelan等人的理論(Whelan, E., Parise, S., Jasper de Valk and Rick Aalbers, 2011),形成組織創新傳遞流程,並以此檢視目前台灣電視台創新無法落實的原因,從組織結構,資源分配流程與內部連結溝通機制,來了解創新無法落實的原因,是否缺乏這兩種機制。
本研究認為這兩種機制是創新落實的大企業在組織內應存在的必要條件。變動通常伴隨著機會與風險,在競爭劇烈與高度變化的媒體產業環境中,誰能最快掌握這一波數位化浪潮下的創新思維,導入外部創新內容與內部組織傳遞流程,建立並培養關鍵核心能力與機制,整合內外有價值或有用的信息與資源,誰將會是未來數位匯流產業戰場上的新贏家。
電視媒體產業中的數位匯流的趨勢,本研究定義為「數位匯流」為這個世代重大的創新事務。換言之,未來台灣的電視業者,其永續經營的關鍵將會是取決於,誰能夠在這波數位產業浪潮下,具備快速吸納內外部創新技術與能力,將相關的人才與資源有效配置與運用,並精確地於組織內進行「創新導入與擴散」,才是快速變動下之產業競爭最核心關鍵能力。
本研究以國內重要的電視媒體為研究對象,透過對特定電視媒體裡,位居數位化創新導入關鍵位置的核心決策人物進行訪談,以組織創新管理與組織內部溝通網絡的角度,觀察一個組織在面臨創新變革的壓力下,影響外衍性創新導入的變數。
同時,透過對關鍵人物的訪談,本研究整理了台灣不同電視媒體內部的組織流程與核心角色的功能與型態,恰可比較出上述兩大機制在不同台灣電視媒體落實的程度,與因應數位匯流變革以及相關組織績效形成相關性。
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從複雜理論觀點探討MOOCs創新擴散之動態歷程 / Exploring the Dynamic Diffusion Process of MOOCs From a Complexity Theory Perspective許映庭 Unknown Date (has links)
MOOCs實現了高等教育的跨國性、大量性與開放性,成功將世界各地的學習者、教學者與相關機構帶進全球網絡,為全球知識與傳播提供一個全新的平台。這場由世界頂尖大學所引發的MOOCs風暴,短時間內便席捲全球,在高等教育界掀起一陣波瀾。《紐約時報》甚至將MOOCs形容成一場「校園海嘯」,以迅雷不及掩耳的速度,衝擊高等教育的百年現場。
然而,究竟這場MOOCs風暴是如何一路延燒到世界各地?不同階段的影響因素又有何不同?為了釐清這些問題,本研究利用複雜理論「系統性」與「動態性」的觀點,探討MOOCs創新擴散之動態歷程,分析相關因素如何影響各個階段的歷程演變,以及因素之間互動後所產生的回饋關係。
本研究採用歷史研究法,並參考王美雅(2005)的創新擴散之動態模型,做為研究架構之基礎,探討MOOCs各階段擴散歷程之初始狀態、演化與正向回饋效果以及自我組織的現象。
研究結果發現,MOOCs的擴散事實上是一個自我組織的過程。在MOOCs擴散過程中,以「創新者的網路位置」與「理解創新的難易程度」兩項變數的影響尤其顯著。而各項變數之間不僅擁有正向回饋效果,亦存在著負向回饋效果,進而影響MOOCs的擴散與演化。 / MOOCs successfully brought global students, educators, and related organization into a global network, forming a platform for global diffusion of knowledge. Started by top universities around the globe, MOOCs’ forces have swept around the globe in a short amount of time, creating ripples in the higher education web. The New York Times describes MOOCs as a “Campus Tsunami,” sweeping through the sectors of higher education.
How did this “Campus Tsunami” sweep around the globe? What are the factors that affect its dynamic diffusion process? In order to clarify these questions, this study employs the systematic and dynamic point of view of the complex theory to analyze how the factors influence each of MOOCs diffusion stages and what effects the factors create after interaction.
This study employs the historical study method and Mei Ya, Wang’s (2005) dynamic innovation diffusion model as the fundamental structure to explore the initial conditions, evolution and positive reinforcements, and self-organization of each diffusion stage.
The results demonstrate that MOOCs’ diffusion is based on self-organization. Within the seven factors, innovator networks and the difficulties in understanding innovation are the foremost influential factors. During MOOCs diffusion stages, the different factors interact with each other, producing both positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements, thus influencing MOOCs continuous diffusion and development.
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歐式能源期貨選擇權評價: 以WTI原油為例 / Valuation of European Energy Futures Option: A Case Study of WTI Oil鄧怡婷, Deng, I Ting Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,能源商品的價格隨著國際政治情勢、國際金融環境以及景氣循環的影響產生劇烈波動,基於避險的需求,衍生性商品交易量也逐漸增加。然而,在評價能源衍生性商品的過程中,即期價格動態模型的選擇對於訂價與避險的結果有著顯著的影響,如何選擇一個適當的動態模型以評價能源商品便成為本文研究的目標。在指數與股價選擇權的評價模型中,大多以Black and Scholes (1973)提出的選擇權評價模型作為基礎,但Black-Scholes模型是否適用於評價能源市場的選擇權價格卻是有待商榷。Schwartz (1997)提出以均數回歸模型 (Mean Reversion Model)描述能源即期價格,發現比Black-Scholes模型中所假設的即期價格動態模型更能描述能源市場即期價格的波動。本研究也考慮能源市場遇到重大事件而造成即期價格產生劇烈波動的情況,因此在模型中加入跳躍項以捕捉價格跳躍的現象。另外,能源商品的需求與季節變化有高度相關性,因此本文亦考量即期價格的變動會受到季節性的變動影響,在模型中加入季節性函數,以補捉季節性的價格變化。基於前述模型考量,本研究在各種描述能源商品即期價格特性的動態模型之下,推導各個模型的期貨選擇權定價公式,進一步測試各模型在金融風暴與非金融風暴期間的訂價誤差與避險誤差,以提供投資人或避險需求者於原油期貨選擇權模型選用上之參考。 / In recent years, the price of energy commodities has fluctuated with the international political situation and the international financial environment. For the sake of hedging demands, the trading volume of derivatives has been gradually increasing. In the process of valuation of energy derivatives, choices of the spot price dynamics model have a significant impact on pricing and hedging. Therefore, how to choose an appropriate dynamic model to evaluate the energy commodities has been main purpose of this study. Two main models are tested in this paper. One is the option pricing model supposed by Black and Scholes (1973), and another is the mean reversion model supposed by Schwartz (1997). This study also considered the volatility of the spot price in the energy market in case of major events, so the researcher adds the jump to explore the mean reversion model. In addition, the demand for energy commodities is highly correlated with seasonal variations. The vibration of spot price often affected by the seasonal variations is considered in the research. Therefore, the researchers also take the seasonal function into the research to capture the seasonal price changes. Based on considerations described above, the pricing formula for each model of futures option is evaluated in the research. The researcher further tests the pricing errors and hedging errors of each model during the financial crises and non-financial crises in order to provide the investors and hedging demanders with some suggestions about selecting oil futures option models.
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臺北都會區1999專線之研究:創新擴散的觀點 / The Study Of Hotline1999 in Taipei Metropolitan Aare:Perspective of Innovations Diffusion林詩兒, Lin,Shih Erh Unknown Date (has links)
隨著創新時代來臨,政府透過創新的政策推動藉以滿足民眾最新的需求或與民眾產生更好的互動方式,政府部門的創新力近年來亦成提升政府服務品質的關鍵,同時透過政府間對創新政策的相互仿效,形成E.M.Rogers所提出的「創新擴散」(diffusion of innovations)效應。
臺北市政府即以美國紐約市「311專線」政策為藍本,於2005年啟用「1999專線」至2014年1月,其後有高雄市及新北市等共17個縣市陸續採用,顯見1999專線於政策擴散的效應,並直接影響各地方政府間及政府與民眾間的互動關係。因此本研究透過四個構面去分析:(1)我國1999專線政策於地方政府間擴散情形;(2)創新先驅者臺北市政府變遷代理人於傳佈各階段所扮演的角色;(3)臺北都會區創新決策過程;(4)臺北都會區創新政策擴散的後果。為探究臺北都會區從啟用至執行1999專線的情形,本研究透過文獻內容分析法、次級資料法與質化深度訪談法進行資料的統整與分析。經由創新擴散理論為架構,探析地方政府間擴散學習的效應及影響組織創新決策的過程,以作為其他縣市的參考。
本研究結果發現:(1)創新性分數較高多為直轄市或與創新先驅者鄰近之都會區、擴散型態呈現各式曲線分佈;(2)變遷代理人於擴散各階段扮演不同角色;(3)臺北都會區具有實施動機較高、相對優勢較高、政府網絡關係較高、組織內部資源與規模較高等創新優勢;(4)影響民眾知曉度主要為意見領袖;影響民眾滿意度主要因素為是否能滿足民眾的需求。本研究建議如下:(1)建置地方政府創新政策知識庫;(2)建立縣市創新政策交流機制;(3)建議中央鼓勵我國縣市全面實施。 / As the age of innovation comes, the government satisfies the public’s latest needs and builds a better way to interact with the public by carrying out innovative policies. Besides, innovation had played a key role in increasing governmental service quality for the past few years. Meanwhile, through mutual imitation of innovation between governments, the diffusion of innovations, pointed out by E.M.Rogers, was formed.
Based on New York City’s Hotline 133, Hotline 1999 was launched in Taipei by Taipei City Government in 2005, and was then adopted by totally 17 cities and counties one after another until January 2014, including Kaohsiung and New Taipei City, which showed the effect of Hotline 1999’s policy diffusion, and the significant impact to the relation between local governments and among governments and the public. Thus Hotline 1999 project was analyzed by 4 aspects in this study: 1. The diffusion condition of Hotline 1999 on local governments, 2. The roles played by Change agent of Taipei City government, as an innovation pioneer, in each stage of diffusion, 3. Innovation policy decision process in the metropolitan areas of Taipei, and 4. The consequences of the above said diffusion. To discuss the whole process of Hotline 1999 from the very beginning to implementing, the data will be complied and analyzed though document analysis, secondary data analysis, and In-Depth Interviews. Besides, through Innovation Diffusion Theory as the framework, we discuss the learning effect of local governments and the process of innovation policy decision that influenced organizations for the further reference to other cities and counties.
The research findings include the following: 1. Directly Controlled Cities and the metropolis that neighbor on innovators score higher in innovativeness, 2. Change Agent played different roles as problem locators and innovation satisfaction, etc, 3. Taipei’s metropolitan areas have several innovation advantages: incentive to implement, relative advantage, stronger network among governments, and abundant resources and bigger scope, and 4. Public’s awareness was raised mainly by opinion leader, and degree of satisfaction depends on whether public needs are met. The suggestions are as follows : 1. Build a knowledge base for local government innovation policies, 2. Provide a mechanism for exchange of innovation policies, and 3. Central government should encourage the entire nation to implement the project.
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擴散性思考、數學問題發現與學業成就的關係 / The Relationships Between Divergent Thinking, Mathematical Problem Finding, and Mathematical Achievement邵惠靖, Shao, Hui-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
本研究先藉由文獻分析法瞭解擴散性思考、數學問題發現與數學學業成就三者的內涵,繼而依據它們的內涵並佐以學習、問題解決的角度,建立起三者間關係的假設,並透過實證調查研究法來驗證這些假設。本研究之研究對象為台北縣市五所國中的318位國三學生,研究工具為「新編創造思考測驗」、「數學問題發現測驗」、「第一次數學科基本學力測驗」,並以次數統計、集群分析、相關分析、變異數分析、逐步迴歸分析進行資料分析。本研究主要的研究結果如下:
一、學生能夠發現各種思考產物類型與數學類型的問題。其中,關係性問題與發現性問題最多人提出,而單位性、類別性與驗證性問題則較少人提出。
二、學生的數學問題發現型態有個別差異。
三、擴散性思考與數學問題發現間為顯著中低度相關。
四、擴散性思考與數學學業成就多為顯著中低度相關。
五、數學問題發現與數學學業成就間為顯著中低度相關。
六、能問大量且層次高數學問題的學生其數學學業成就比較不會問數學問題的學生為佳。
七、擴散性思考之流暢力、數學學業成就、擴散性思考之變通力可以有效預測數學問題發現之問題數。
八、擴散性思考之流暢力、數學學業成就、擴散性思考之變通力可以有效預測數學問題發現之問題獨特性。
九、數學學業成就與擴散性思考之流暢力可以有效預測數學問題發現之問題品質。
十、數學問題發現之問題品質、數學問題發現之問題數可以有效預測數學學業成就。
本研究最後針對數學教育以及未來研究提出若干具體建議。 / First, this study probed into the contents of divergent thinking, mathematical problem finding, and mathematical achievement by literature review. Then the researcher made hypotheses of the relationships between divergent thinking, mathematical problem finding, and mathematical achievement based on the contents of them and the views of learning and problem solving, and designed survey research to examine these hypotheses. The subjects were 318 9th grade students from five junior high schools in Taipei county and Taipei city. The data- collection instruments included:(a) New Creativity Test; (b) Mathematical Problem Finding Test; (c) Basic Educational Indicator Tests of Mathematics. After utilizing frequency, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and stepwise regression, the main results of this investigation are:(a) Students can find problems of all kinds of intellectual products and mathematics. Among them, problems of relations and problems to find were found most and problems of units and classes and problems to prove were found least ; (b) There are individual differences between mathematical problem finding styles; (c) The correlations between divergent thinking and mathematical problem finding are significantly positive; (d) Most of the correlations between divergent thinking and mathematical achievement are significantly positive; (e) The correlations between mathematical problem finding and mathematical achievement are significantly positive; (f) Students who can finds many high-level problems have higher mathematical achievement than those who can not; (g) Fluency of divergent thinking, mathematical achievement, and flexibility of divergent thinking can be used to predict the number of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (h) Fluency of divergent thinking, mathematical achievement, and flexibility of divergent thinking can be used to predict the rarity of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (i) Mathematical achievement and fluency of divergent thinking can be used to predict the quality of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (j) The quality of problems and the number of problems can be used to predict mathematical achievement effectively. Finally, the researcher brings up some suggestions on mathematical education and the future research.
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銷售子彈以阻止飛彈?中-歐合作於反核武擴散與武器禁運 / Selling the bullet to stop the bomb?EU-China cooperation on non-proliferation and the arms embargo宋凱樂, Carla Boggs Unknown Date (has links)
In the last decade, the EU-China partnership has become increasingly important, translating to the strategic issues of the twenty-first century, which include the problem of non-proliferation. As two of the world's visible international players, China and the EU both have a lot at stake in these matters. Non-proliferation also touches upon one of the bones of contention between the two : the EU embargo on arms sales to China.
This paper examines the current state of cooperation on non-proliferation between the EU and China, and the impacts this cooperation may have, notably on the EU arms embargo.
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