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轉換型領導對行政績效影響之研究:以臺北市區公所為例 / The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Administrative Performance : A Case Study of the District Office of the Taipei City高秋鳳 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討區公所的公務人員對直屬長官實施轉換型領導時的評價之差異性、對行政績效上的評價之差異情形,及探討轉換型領導與行政績效間之關係。
本研究之實證調查部份,採用問卷調查法,以台北市各區公所的公務人員為研究範圍,針對12行政區公所採分層比例隨機抽樣法,以55%之比例為抽樣基準,總計抽取795份樣本進行施測,取得回收有效問卷714份。研究問卷內容包含員工個人基本資料、轉換型領導量表及行政績效量表。問卷調查資料運用電腦統計套裝軟體SPSS for Windows 10.0版,以描述性統計分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、及Person積差相關係數等統計分析方法進行資料處理。
本研究經實證分析,歸納結論如次:
一、就「轉換型領導」各構面平均數比率的得分情形而言,其中以「理想化的影響力」得分最高(71.02%),其次依序為「個別化的關懷」(68.16%),「交易領導」(68.10%),得分最低的為「才智的激發」(68.03%)。
二、就「行政績效」各構面平均數比率的得分情形而言,其中以「組織目標達成程度」得分最高(82.67%),其次依序為「組織資源運用程度」(81.76%),「員工服務品質」(80.53%),得分最低的則為「領導滿意度」(69.70%)。
三、個人基本屬性對直屬長官在實施轉換型領導時的評價之各構面之差異情形,其中因年齡、機關年資、主管或非主管、職等、是否於私人企業服務過與機關別的不同而有顯著差異。
四、個人基本屬性對行政績效的評價之各構面之差異情形,其中因年齡、公務員年資、機關年資、主管或非主管、職等、是否於私人企業服務過與機關別的不同而有顯著差異。
五、轉換型領導與行政績效呈現高度正相關。
最後,本研究依據研究結果提出若干建議,做為後續研究之參考。
關鍵字:轉換型領導、行政績效 / Using the civil servants in the twelve district offices of Taipei City as a sample space, this study aims to probe their evaluations for transformational leadership and the administrative performance. Also, it investigates the relations between the transformational leadership and the administrative
performance of the civil servants.
This study uses questionnaire survey as the research method. Research samples come from the civil servants in the district offices of Taipei City. The samples are selected by stratified random sampling method. 55 percent of the personnel from each sampled department form the sample space. 714 out of 795 distributed samples are successfully returned. The questions in the questionnaire include personal information and the quantifiable measurements for both the transformational leadership and the administrative performance. Obtained data are then processed with SPSS for Windows 10.0. The performed processes include the analysis of Descriptive Statistics Analysis, the t-Test, the
One-Way ANOVA and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation .
After the empirical analysis, we have come to the conclusions as below:
1. On the mean ratio of transformational leadership facet, the idealized influence wins the highest points (71.02%) , with the individualized consideration seconds to it (68.16%), followed by the transactional leadership
(68.10%), and the intellectual stimulation (68.03%).
2. On the mean ratio of administrative performance facet, the organization goal achievement comes on top with 82.67%, with the organization effectiveness resource using seconds to it (81.76%), followed by the service quality of
employee (80.53%) and the leadership satisfaction (69.70%).
3. The responses of employee on the transformational leadership differ significantly according to their ages, departments, serving years in the current organization, positions (manager or non-manager, scale of positions),
and whether have served in private business or not, classified in agency.
4. The administrative performance also differs significantly due to their ages, departments, serving years in the current organization, positions (manager or non-manager, scale of positions), whether have served in private business
or not, classified in agency and the total serving years.
5. In general, the transformational leadership and the administrative
performance are positively related.
With this study, the author intends to come up with a result that provides
some help to the related researches in the future.
Keyword:transformational leadership , administrative performance
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我國各縣市政府施政績效與人口移動之研究 / The Impact of County and City Governments’ Policy Implementation on Population Mobility蕭偉祥, Hsiao,Wei Hsiang Unknown Date (has links)
本篇文章之研究目的,主要是探討臺灣地區各縣市政府之整體施政績效是否會影響縣市間之人口移動。本研究將利用臺灣23個縣市別的追蹤資料(panel data),涵蓋期間為2005年至2010年。採固定效果模型(fixed-effect model)評估縣市政府整體施政績效與人口遷移存在之關聯性。將回顧國內外文獻中,關於政府施政績效之衡量、人口遷移理論及影響人口遷移之相關文獻。此外,本研究也整理近年來各縣市政府與人口遷移有關之施政政策,以及臺灣各縣市人口分佈現況。最後,為了進一步探討政府整體施政績效,對於性別及年齡層的不同是否存在差異,本研究將建立五種實證模型,藉此更全面分析臺灣各縣市政府之整體施政績效,對於縣市間之人口遷移之影響為何。本研究主要發現為,縣市政府之社會福利與環境保護績效會響影縣市間人口之遷移,且為正向影響。對於性別及年齡層方面則沒有太大差異。 / The purpose of this paper seeks to examine whether the overall policy implementation of each Taiwanese county and city governments will impact the population mobility within the specific areas. This research paper employed the panel data of the 23 counties and cities of Taiwan, spanning the duration between 2005 and 2010. In the same light, we made use of the fixed-effect model to evaluate the correlation between the policy implementation of the governments and the population mobility. Furthermore, we reviewed the literature relating to governmental policy implementation evaluation methods, theories, and causes for population mobility. In addition, this research organized documents pertaining to the policy implementation strategies of each county and city government, as well as data on the current population distribution. Finally, this paper constructed five empirical models, in order to further analyze if the overall governmental policy implementation had an impact on the gender and age groups, notwithstanding to more comprehensively analyze the correlation between the policy implementation and population mobility within counties and cities. The primary finding of this paper was that the social welfare and environmental protection policies of the county and city governments had a positive impact on the population distribution of corresponding counties and cities. On the other hand, gender and age group factors showed no significant difference.
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中央政府施政績效資訊運用之研究 / The Use of Performance Information of Central Government謝婉柔, Hsieh, Wan Jou Unknown Date (has links)
績效評估成果能反饋於決策與施政運作,對政府績效的改善有其重要性和必要性,了解這些評估過程產出的績效資訊是否有被妥善運用,是政府邁向完善的績效管理不容忽視的重要議題。我國中央政府推動績效管理數十年,卻仍較為缺乏對施政績效資訊運用進行檢視與探討的相關研究,本研究因而以相關文獻與國內外實務對績效資訊運用的討論為基礎,嘗試建立我國中央行政機關施政績效資訊運用之架構,了解中央機關主管人員對於施政績效資訊的運用程度,並分析影響其運用與否的原因。
本研究採取問卷調查法,針對中央13個部會的三級機關首長與一級單位主管發放問卷,從引導與控制、促進學習與改善、激勵與獎懲,以及課責等四大運用面向探討我國主管人員對於施政績效資訊的運用情形,並從領導者支持、參與機會、資訊品質、個人態度、教育訓練等構面探討影響主管人員運用施政績效資訊的主要因素。研究發現大多數主管人員都能仔細瀏覽並善用各種施政績效資訊輔助日常業務之進行,各類施政績效資訊中以列管計畫年度績效評核報告的瀏覽與用於精進公務的程度最為良好。進一步針對機關年度施政績效與列管計畫績效評核報告兩類資訊探討主管人員在各面向的運用頻率,整體運用程度良好,但真正強烈表示經常運用者僅占一成至三成左右,資訊運用仍有精進與提升之空間。各種運用中以促進學習與改善面向平均運用程度最頻繁,隨後依序為引導與控制面向、課責面向,以及激勵與獎懲面向。在影響因素方面,領導者支持與教育訓練對主管人員運用施政績效資訊的運用頻率具有顯著影響,各機關可善用領導者之影響力,並致力於將施政績效資訊的運用營造為組織文化的方向努力。教育訓練對主管人員的運用情形亦具有顯著影響,政府機關可多舉辦相關教育訓練與實務學習,協助同仁建立運用績效資訊的能力。
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中央對地方政府特殊教育行政績效評鑑制度之研究 / A Study of the Central Government’s Evaluation of Local Governments’ Administrative Performance in Special Education張金淑, Chang,Chin-Shu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討美國、英國及我國中央對地方政府特殊教育行政績效評鑑的狀況,運用特殊教育通報網篩選檢核指標,編製地方政府特殊教育行政績效調查問卷,發展平時檢測與定期實地評鑑機制,以建置平時與定期兼顧的特殊教育行政績效評鑑制度,供教育行政機關實施之參考。
採用文獻分析、訪問、焦點座談、問卷調查及團體深度訪談等五種方法。採取「特殊教育通報網運用調查問卷」、「地方政府特殊教育行政績效調查問卷」、「地方政府特殊教育行政績效實地評鑑調查問卷」及三問卷之訪問大綱為研究工具,以特殊教育行政人員、學者專家及特教教師與家長為研究對象。本研究自2006年10月至2009年5月為期兩年餘,研究發現有五:
一、美國積極推動中央對地方政府特殊教育行政績效評鑑,採取法制化、發展督導系統、委託全國特殊教育績效監督中心評鑑、評鑑委員多元化、檢測各州績效體制成效表、以及實施指標強調與一般學生比較等作法。英國教育標準署明訂特殊教育之分項視察項目、明列三層面九向度的特殊教育需求檢核標準、明列每項鑑定標準的等級標準、以及鑑定標準納入地方教育局改善的能力等作為,兩國上述作法均可供參酌。
二、評析我國2002年、2004年、2006年及2008年對地方政府特殊教育行政績效評鑑,發現評鑑制度已日漸完善。但目的宜強化輔導、資源調配與管理、相互觀摩與交流;評鑑委員宜再納入縣市特殊教育行政人員代表;評鑑項目依其性質宜分為指定領域、自選領域、複評領域及免評領域四類;辦理方式除書面評鑑外,應納入實地評鑑。
三、基於文獻分析、訪問、調查及團體深度訪談結果,我國中央對地方政府特殊教育行政績效評鑑有必要「建置平時與定期(或專案)兼顧的特殊教育行政績效評鑑制度」。此制度含括平時檢測機制、定期實地評鑑機制、地方政府自我評鑑及專案訪視機制四部分,並具體轉化為實施計畫,然本研究僅探討前兩部分。
四、以適切擴充特殊教育通報網篩選出量化客觀的關鍵與核心指標予以初檢,再以地方政府特殊教育行政績效調查結果的主觀感受進行複檢,以建構平時檢測機制,並具體轉化為實施子計畫。
五、以2008年特殊教育行政績效評鑑為基礎,依據訪問、調查及團體深度訪談結果來發展以督導、輔導、檢討、改善、資源調配與管理、相互觀摩與交流為目的之定期實地評鑑機制,並以三年為一週期,分年完成25縣市之實地評鑑,且具體轉化為實施子計畫。 / This study provides an overview and analysis regarding the central government’s evaluation of local governments’ administrative performance in special education in the U.S, England and Taiwan. By applying the Special Education Transmit Net(SETNET) to set the examining indicators, and by working out special education administrative performance questionnaires, the purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism, including a routine review and a periodical evaluation, and eventually to submit some practical suggestions to the Ministry of Education regarding special education in Taiwan.
This study was undertaken for two and half years starting from October, 2006. It was conducted through literature review, interviews, focused forum, questionnaire survey and group depth interview methods. The results and conclusions are as follows:
(1)The U.S actively promotes a sound system to evaluate local government administrative performance in special education in the areas of legislation, monitoring mechanisms, supporting The National Center for Special Education Accountability Monitoring (NCSEAM), and Measuring the Implementation of a State’s Accountability System etc. The Office for Standards in Education in England has linked inspection judgments about special education to the grade criteria of the inspection of special educational needs and investigates improvements the LEA has made since the last inspection. All the above mentioned are good paradigms for Taiwan.
(2)An overview of evaluations which Taiwan has carried out in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008 reveal gradual improvements. However, the aims should emphasize guidance and assistance, resources allocation and management, emulation and communication. Local special education administrators should be subsumed into evaluation committees.The evaluation items should include assignation domain, option domain, reevaluation domain and exempt domain. The evaluation procedure should also include on-site visiting.
(3)Based on the study results, Taiwan needs to establish a local performance evaluation system which looks after both routine and periodicity. The system should contain a routine review mechanism, a periodical on-site evaluation, self evaluations of local governments and special task inspection.
(4)The SETNET should be expended further to select some objective key indicators and nuclear indicators for the initial examination, then the survey results of “Local government’s administrative performance in special education questionnaire” for reviewing can be adopted to accomplish the routine review.
(5)On the basis of the evaluation in 2008 and the study results, Taiwan could develop a periodical on-site evaluation every three years as a cycle to complete the evaluation of 25 counties.
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公共部門策略性人力資源管理之研究羅志成, Lo, Chih-Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
策略性人力資源管理(Strategic Human resource management,簡稱SHRM)的理論係基於人力資源乃是組織中的重要資產,因此組織必須針對人力資源管理與組織策略整合的相關議題提出解決方案,以利於提昇組織績效,是故,策略性人力資源管理與人力資源管理不同之處,即在於著重人力資源管理的策略面相,並強調如何結合策略管理來因應外部環境的變化,在本研究中將梳整策略性人力資源管理的源流及其相關的理論,並對於其研究上的途徑、模型加以研析,此外,也將針對SHRM在實證研究上的限制予以批判,建立本研究堅實的理論基礎。
本研究實證統計分析的過程主要是從次數分配開始,以大致瞭解目前我國公務人力資源管理的現況及展望,然後,再利用因素分析與信度考驗,來檢驗問卷是否達到信度及效度,並做為本研究統計交叉分析的基礎,筆者採用成對樣本T檢定來檢驗受訪者對人力資源管理實際與理想認知上落差的狀況,再利用人口統計變項、瞭解其是否造成人力資源管理及行政績效之間的差異,在瞭解其關係之後,筆者在第四章中主要是以皮爾森積差相關分析檢驗人力資源管理與行政績效之間的直線關係,結果兩者之間是呈現中度正相關的關聯性,為了更深入的瞭解其中的關聯性,筆者採用多變異數分析,加入控制變項來檢驗人力資源管理與行政績效的關聯性,並且進行迴歸分析,以瞭解預測影響行政績效構面的相關因素。
在經由實證分析的論證之後,對於本研究主要問題,人力資源管理與行政績效是否具有關聯性方向,筆者得到相當正面的答案,並以之做為SWOT分析的基礎,在結論中本研究更據此對公務人力資源管理實務上提出幾點具體的建議,包括:一、重視彈性化管理,二、正視人力資源管理的策略性角色,三、設定文官改革的優先性,四、組織文化的改造,五、管理才能訓練的重視、六、標竿學習的採行等六項實務上的建議,在後續研究的建議方面則提出利用質化研究方式、及運用影響人力資源管理實務的其他因素加以分析、強化績效指標的建立,並針對個別的機關或者性質不同的機關進行測量等四項後續研究建議。
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中國省級政治改革的邏輯:「政績─派系」模式的解釋 / How to Explain Political Reforms on Provinces in Mainland China: A New Perspective of “Faction-Performance” Model蔡文軒, Tsai Wen-Husan Unknown Date (has links)
本文初始,筆者提出一個要解答的困惑:為什麼中國大陸地方的政治改革,其模式與幅度都不是「全國一盤棋」?本文將「地方」設定在「省級」,並將「政治改革」設定為「基層首長選制」與「行政三分制」,去分析在為何少數的省份,出現較大規模的政治改革。筆者試圖建構「政績─派系」模式,去解釋省委書記是如何推動中國大陸的政改。
在「政績」的面向,由於各地「初始條件」的考量,使得省委書記相繼追求「和諧社會」或「小康社會」的「政績」。「基層首長選制」有助於前者的完成,「行政三分制」的推進和後者有關。這說明各地政改的形式,為何出現互異。另一個因素是「派系關係」。和「最高領導人」存在「派系關係」的省級領導,因為能降低「硬制度」改革的風險,因此更容易在全省推動「大規模」的政改。
以2002之後的四川,和2008年之後的廣東,分別是經濟發展不佳與良好之地,政治改革的兩個代表案例。四川省委書記張學忠、廣東省委書記汪洋,都是胡錦濤的嫡系,使得兩省的政改力度冠居全國。但由於兩省的經濟環境迥異,使得張學忠、汪洋,分別推動「基層首長選制」和「行政三分制」。但筆者也指出,於分離主義盛行的西部省份,在「穩定壓倒一切」的思量下,該省並不會推動過多政改。即便省委書記是「最高領導人」的派系,亦是如此。筆者相信,將解釋層級聚焦在省級領導,並結合「政績」與「派系」因素,最能解釋省級為何會發動大規模的激進政改。
此外,筆者納入江蘇的個案,其主因是該省的政改途徑過於殊異。江蘇的經濟發展在中國名列前茅,與廣東類似,但該省卻走向「基層首長選制」改革。筆者認為,胡錦濤有意在東部省份,豎立一個「和諧社會」的推行樣版,因此提高江蘇推動「和諧社會」政績的效用函數,以鼓勵省委書記李源潮繼續在江蘇改革「基層首長選制」。換言之,江蘇的案例完全不能說明經濟發展與民主化的聯繫,它反而再現了黨國體制的國家能力中央對省級的絕對控制。 / The beginning of this article, we offer a question: why the range and pattern of political reform in Mainland China are not the same? For replying the question, we focus on the provincial level, and discuss the two categories of reform—the elective reform of local leader and separation of the three administrative powers ─ the most important and sensitive institutions of all the political reform for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
We try to generate the “Faction-Performance” Model, and use it to explain the provincial reforms. The theory covers two main points. First, these province leaders depend on the initial condition of economic development, to choose the reform’s pattern. At the no richness provinces, leaders wish to push the personnel system reform; on the other hand, leaders tend to practice administrative reform on the affluent provinces. Second, all the province leaders that enforce the radical political reforms are the top leader’s faction. The reason is that the patron-clientship may decrease the risk of political reform.
We give two examples Sichuan and Guangdong, to prove the aboving inferences. Sichuan is the late developmental area, existing the unstable society, and the provincial leaders want to reach for the performance of the harmonious society. Besides, the provincial secretary of the CCP Committee, Zhang Xuezhong, ever had the colleague relationship with Hu Jintao. Zhang would be regarded as the clique of Hu. In the condition, after Zhang assumed the official, he pushed the large scale of the elective reform of local leader in Sichuan. On the contrary, Guangdong has the good economical growth. The administrative reform has been the important issue for the province. When Wangyang took on the provincial secretary, he pushed the large scale of the separation of the three administrative powers. Checking his background, we find Wangyang is the Communist Youth League (CYL) cadre—the faction of Hu. For the two cases, Zhang Xuezhong and Wangyang are all the faction of Hu. So, the two examples can confirm my hypothesis.
Besides, the dissertation focuses on the Giangsu as a deviant case, to discuss why the large scale of elective reform of local leaders occurring on the wealth province. There are enough evidences to show that Hu Jintao inspired Li Yuanchao to advance the reform. Hu adjusted the performance utility function of the Giangsu and made the provincial leaders to accomplish the “harmonious society” in the area. The case represents the ability of party-state system ─ central committee has the absolute power to adjust and control the political reforms in provinces.
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晉升解釋模型的內生性侷限?: 中共幹部非正式關係對政績表現的影響 / Limitation of Promotion Model: the Relation between Cadre's Faction and Performance姚伊蕙, Yao, I Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本研究問題的發想,來自對中共政治菁英晉升模型的觀察。隨著中共政治邁向制度化,學界在研究菁英晉升的模型中,時常將幹部的非正式關係與政績表現,同時做為影響其晉升的解釋變數。然而,本文的論點在於,作者認為非正式關係本身即可能會影響幹部的政績表現,若此因果關係成立,則晉升模型中的幹部政績表現即為「內生變數」,模型的估計將產生偏誤。此外,作者並認為,非正式關係對幹部的政績影響,可能依政策類型的不同,有不同的形式。在經濟政績上,「有關係」的幹部表現皆可能相較「無關係」的幹部來的出色;而在與幹部自身利益不符,且可能是代表某「派別」領導人的政策路線時,幹部的非正式關係則是以不同「派別」的差異,來影響其政績表現。研究結果中即顯示,在GDP成長率的政績中,「有非正式關係」的省長,表現平均較「無非正式關係」的省長表現較好;而胡、溫在「十一五」以「一票否決」考核節能政策中,屬胡溫派的省長表現,相較於屬「江系」與「習派」以及「無任何非正式關係」的省長,皆來的出色。非正式關係對幹部政績表現的解釋,將影響未來學者在做菁英晉升模型研究時,須進一步以「工具變數」來解決解釋變數的內生性問題。
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