目前台灣地區地籍圖已全面數值化，電子經偉儀等測量儀器亦不斷改良，土地複丈作業已進入數值化作業之時代。然而現今圖解地籍圖數化區土地複丈外業作業仍有以下二項缺失待檢討改進： 一、複丈外業作業無法於實地一次完成。 二、施測方式是否符合測量規範不易檢核。 為解決以上缺失，本研究針對圖解地籍圖數化區土地複丈外業測量作業流程進行程序管控，利用全測站經緯儀連接筆記型電腦，配合「土地複丈外業作業系統」，並增加外業測量程序管控的功能，將土地複丈外業測量程序與規範納入自動化監控，測量人員需依照電腦程序控制指示逐步完成施測，使土地複丈外業測量、計算、電腦套圖、成果檢核於實地一併完成，如此，不僅使測量作業標準化，確保複丈品質，更可縮減作業流程，提高行政效率。 本研究經以臺北縣中和地政事務所管轄之未辦理地籍圖重測之圖解數化區—南勢角段外南勢角小段與南勢角段頂南勢角小段為實驗區，分別針對土地分割複丈及土地鑑界複丈之外業測量程序以電腦管控，計算坐標後並於實地施以電腦套圖，其成果檢核均能符合地籍測量實施規則之規定，且能於實地一次完成土地複丈之外業作業。 關鍵詞：土地複丈、程序管控、電腦套圖、地籍測量 / Nowadays, because of the inventions and constant refinement of the electronic and computerized measuring tools and instruments, cadastral maps of Taiwan region are all made digitally. However, there are still two major failing flaws to land revision which needed to be modified: 1. Land revision is unable to be completed on site in one outing. 2. Whether the methods of measuring are under government rules and regulations are not readily monitored. In order to correct the failing flaws, this study mainly aims to monitor and control the process of land revision survey with the digitizing operation cadastral maps. To do so, a total station is connected to a notebook computer equipped with the “Land Revision Survey System” software along with procedure control functions. The computer will then monitor and control such activities in an automatic fashion. The surveyors only need to follow the steps given by the computer in order to complete the survey. Land revision of measuring, calculating, map overlapping and result inspecting can be completed all together on site in one outing. This not only standardizes the land revision procedures but also increases its accuracies. Most importantly, it curtails the time spent and increases the administrational efficiency. The regions selected for this research are all under the jurisdiction of Junghe Land Office, Taipei County, which covers the areas of Outer-Nanshijiao, and Top-Nanshijiao subsection, Nanshijiao section. They have yet to be re-surveyed and made into digitizing operation maps. The aim of this research is then to revision these areas by division and combination following the standard controlled procedures. All of the processes follow and comply with the rules and regulations to cadastral survey set by the government. And all of the survey activities are completed on site in one outing. Keywords: Land Revision, Controlled Procedures, Map Overlapping, Cadastral Survey

全臺早期農地重劃區約占27.8萬公頃；本研究以新竹縣為例，由理論推估法及實測比較法分析其地籍圖精度，同時了解差額地價問題，冀作為複丈或釐整地籍之參考。 本研究通過釐清測繪當時所使用之方法、程序及其精度規範，由誤差傳播定律，推估其理論精度；並以實地經界及原重劃規劃、分配之設計邊長，逐筆推求出實驗區內2,593筆宗地界址點之實地坐標後，按位置、邊長及面積三方面與數化地籍圖比較，探討其實際精度。 研究結果顯示，早期農地重劃地籍圖實際精度與理論推估結果差距甚大，無法符合複丈之精度要求，建議儘速採重測手段釐整；而面積增減及差額地價問題，並非難以處理，無庸過於顧忌。此外，另歸納出許多對於複丈或釐整地籍有所幫助的資訊。 / There were about 278,000 hectares of farm land consolidations early in Taiwan. The theoretical inference method and field check method were used to analyze the precision of cadastral maps in the research and Hsin-Chu county was chosen as a case study region. The differential land values were also accounted and hopefully that can be cited as inferences of land revision or cadastral survey. The theoretical accuracy was estimated with the method of error propagation after verifying the methods and procedures of measurement used and the regulations for precision requirement. In the mean time, the coordinates of 2,593 ground boundaries were obtained in the study region by considerations of the principle of consolidation, re-distribution regulations and real ground boundaries. The coordinates of the boundaries of parcel in analog cadastral map were also obtained by digitizing. The two types of coordinates were compared each other in the location, side length and area of the parcel. It is very obvious that there were large differences between cadastral maps and theoretical estimations in the region. It also cannot meet the requirements of land revision in precision and it is necessary to cadastral resurvey completely. The problems of the differences in area of parcel and the differential land values can be solved with compensation supported by the foundation of farm land consolidation and will not be an obstruction in the progress. In addition, some useful methods for land revision and cadastral survey were generalized.

在本文中，分別就四種不同參數組合（包括六個模式）的二維交叉實驗設計，採用一般線性模式法及二樣本t檢定法予以分析，並探討模式間與分析方法間的異同。此外，在二維重覆測量交叉實驗設計方面，我們也分別以單變量分裂區集變異數分析法及多變量變異數分析法進行探討。 / Four possible parametrizations ( including six models ) are considered in this study to clearify some ambigous issues related to a 2*2 cross-over design. Each model is analyzed using both the GLM procedure and two-sample t test. In addition, we also discuss issues related to the 2*2 repeated measurements cross-over design by using the univariate split-plot and multivariate analysis of variance techniques.

2007年臺灣的電視圈在國內大環境欠佳、廣告市場大減，中視以高規格、高預算，製播【超級星光大道】，沒想到引發種種話題，節目爆紅。同年【超級星光大道】的受歡迎程度超過各類電視節目。使中視得以一整年靠一個節目的營收來維生。 【超級星光大道】亦甚至被媒體標示，「星光現象」成為一種異軍突起的社會文化現象。【超級星光大道】擁有什麼樣的關鍵元素，導致其瞬間爆紅。由於節目品質研究（叫好）與觀眾需求分析（叫座）向來是電視節目產製者最關注的兩大課題。故，本研究首開分析單一類型的節目是如何吸引觀眾的收視之學術性研究。 由節目產製構面的理論概念引伸，從閱聽人角度出發，在加上電視節目產製核心人物之剖析，從多種角度來觀察並分析【超級星光大道】的文本，利用學術研究方法，來回應業界所關切的問題。 本研究借用McQuail（1992）提出三類媒介表現的檢視途徑為設計概念，以Patton（1990）提出的方法（Method）三角測量法，借用多元方法取向蒐集資料，以檢驗研究發現的一致性，為尋求值得信賴的解釋。 對超級星光大道的分析上，利用文本分析，將每集節目內容、流程等進行解構，特別是收視率特別高的內容，找出其爭議點。在經由使用與滿足理論架構，描繪出閱聽眾接收與關切的節目元素。進而與焦點團體或是產製者訪談的資料進行mapping，找出其成功吸引觀眾的元素。 因此，研究結果依其對收視率表現之影響程度，分成三個層次：對收視率提升有顯著效果者有感動、多元、話題、娛樂；對樹立節目品質和口碑者有真實、專業；可能影響收視的負面元素則為操作與公平性。 本研究貢獻為學術面解決收視率無法真實解構文本的疑問，為產製面提供媒體未來複製同類型節目之觀眾輪廓或節目定位及修正節目策略的參考。 關鍵詞：歌唱選秀節目、關鍵元素、三角測量、收視率 / Due the domestic overall economy was poor in Taiwan during 2007, the advertisement market was shrunk largely for TV industry, while China Television Company (CTV) took an contrary way on the production of “One Million Star” with high standard and big budget, and to no one’s guess, the program was red hot to trigger all kinds of topics. In the same year, the degree of popularity from “One Million Star” surpassed all kinds of TV programs, allowing CTV to keep its operation for the whole year solely on this program. “One Million Star” is even tagged by the media, and “Superstar Phenomenon” has become a cultural phenomenon in the society all of a sudden. What the key elements are for “One Million Star” to become extremely popular all of a sudden. Due both program quality research (great quality) and audience demand analysis (great rating) have always been the two major issues concerned the most by the producers of TV programs, the paper will be the first ever to make analysis for academic research on how a single type of programs attract the audiences to watch them. By starting up from the angle of audiences, to develop from the theoretical concepts on the construct of program productions, plus to make analysis on the core people for TV program productions, and from various angles, to observe as well as to make analysis on the scripts of “One Million Star”, using academic research methods, to make response on the questions concerned by people in the industry. The paper borrows the examination route offered by McQuail(1992) on the presentation of three types of media as the design concept, and using Triangulation method offered by Patton (1990), to collect data with diverse methods for examining the consistency in the research findings, in order to seek for reliable explanations. For the analysis on “One Million Star”, by using scripts for analysis, to take down on matters such as program contents and process flows from each running show, and to find out any disputable points, especially on those contents with extremely high rating. Through the construct of uses and gratification theory, to illustrate the program elements that are received and concerned by the audiences. Next, to work on mapping with the data made from focus groups or interviews of program producers, in order to find out what are the successful elements to attract audiences. Accordingly, on the basis of effects to rating performances, the study results are divided into three categories: for those with significant effects on the increase of rating, they are to include sensation, diversity, topics, and entertainment; for those able to establish program quality and word-of-mouth, they are to include authenticity, and professionalism; for those possibly with negative effects on rating, they are to include operating and fairness. The contribution of the paper is to solve the question from academic aspect that rating is not able to truly break down scripts, and as reference of audience outline or program positioning and program strategy revisions for duplicating similar programs by the providing media from production aspect in the future. Keyword: Singing Contest Program, Key Elements, Triangulation, Rating

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Government and Public Administration

熱影像可獲取不同於可見光與近紅外光的溫度資訊，可運用於監測地表火山及斷層帶的溫度或災害防治上。以往於空載或衛載上的熱感測器解析度皆較低，判釋熱影像受到限制；如今，低成本、高機動性的無人飛行載具發展趨於成熟，可搭載熱感測器，並近空垂直拍攝近景熱影像，得到較高空間解析度之熱影像。 然而，熱影像上之地物內容與邊緣較一般可見光影像模糊，若要將熱影像應用於地理空間資訊系統上時，為使熱影像可與其他地面坐標資料結合，勢必需先幾何改正熱影像，並以相同區域之數值地表模型，正射化熱影像，同時三維展示熱影像與地表模型，提供研究者地形與熱分佈資訊；此外，對於火山地帶來說，高程資料也常是研究者判釋分析的重點資訊，此做法可看出區域之溫度分佈。 為正射糾正熱影像，利用共線式執行空中三角測量平差，本研究不僅率定熱像儀，求其內方外元素，更以空中三角測量平差，計算熱影像之外方位元素。此外，因熱影像紀錄地表輻射資訊，與可見光資訊大不相同，故熱影像經共線式空中三角測量平差後，建製之數值地表模型 (Digital Surface Model, DSM)，並非該拍攝地區之真實地表起伏模型，因此本研究利用一既有的DSM，正射糾正空中三角測量後之熱影像，並以誤差向量圖表示正射糾正之成果。 / Usually, thermal images contain abundant temperature information which can often be used to monitor the surface temperature or volcanic disaster prevention. Previously, thermal images acquired by satellite platform have low resolution. Today, low-cost, highly maneuverable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can carry thermal sensors and obtain close-range thermal images with high spatial resolution. Due to the distortion of thermal sensor, geometric correction should be applied to the thermal images. In this study, a UAV-borne thermal sensor has been calibrated, and used for taking thermal images. The exterior orientation elements of the thermal images have been determined by using aerial triangulation. A digital surface model generated by LiDAR was then used to ortho-rectify the thermal images. Gray values of the rectified thermal images were also normalized for generating a thermal mosaic. The resultant rectified thermal mosaic has excellent appearance for showing the temperature distribution and elevation simultaneously.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14225号 / 工博第3009号 / 新制||工||1446(附属図書館) / 26543 / UT51-2008-Q694 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 大西 有三, 教授 関口 秀雄, 准教授 須﨑 純一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

本論文名為「行政效率測量標準與方法之研究」，除緒言外，共分七章。全文約十二萬字。 在「緒言」中，略述個人研究本文的動機與意旨，以及研究的重點與範圍。第一章「行政效率的概念」，首先闡述行政效率的性質、意義、辨正等。次論行政效率測量的意義，目的及其所遭遇的困難期澄清行政效率的基本概念，以利行政效率測量標準與方法的探討。第二章「行政效率測量標準」，就行政效率的性質，分成三個層次予以討論; 其一為機械性效率，凡行政機關工作屬於機械性者，適用機械性效率測量標準。筆者從各種角度提出七項測量標準，以供參考。其二為組織性效率，凡行政機關組織、人員、管理及運作情況的效率均屬之，適用組織性效率測量標準。筆者亦提出七項測量標準討論。其三為社會性效率，著重行政活動對社會所具的功能與價值等，適用社會性效率的測量標準。筆者提出討論的測量標準有三項。第三章為「行政效率測量方法」，採用統計分析方法與數理公式，論述行政效率測量的方法與技術。其中有的屬於理論性探討，有的則為現行測量辦法，筆者就此些辦法加以論列分析，並舉述實例，俾明其應用。第四章「我國行政效率測量的實施」，略論人事行政局與台北市政府的實施情形，並檢討其利弊，提出建議事項，以供參考改進。第五章「行政效率的測量人員」，鑒於「徒法不足以自行」，「為政在人」，故本章敘述如何遴任及訓練行政效率測量人員。期以人員的優點彌補制度的闕漏。第六章為「我國行政效率測量的展望」，闡明我國目前行政效率測量制度未臻完善，應從速謀求研究改進，加強實施工作簡化，計劃評核術與目標管理等新近管理技術，擬訂妥善的測量標準與方法。最後一章「結論」，綜合全文的研究心得提出報告，強調檢討現行制度缺點，力求改進，健全存政效率測量制度，增進行政效率，實現行政革新。本文研究方式，主要為理論性探討，並佐以若干實例，以求理論與實際相配合，研究範圍包括行政機關的組織、制度、人員及運作等，以求普遍討論效率測量標準與方法。筆者會去信美國當代名行政學者西蒙(Herbert A. Simon)教授，請教有關行政效率測量問題。西蒙教授謙虛表示，最近十幾年來，他的研究工作很少觸及行政效率、測量標準與方法。其主要觀點幾乎已盡括於「行政學士」(Public Adiministration 1956)一書中。但他指出美國這方面的研究趨向於「成本利益分析」(Cost-Benefit Analysis) 。西蒙教授並贈送筆者一書，名為「經由系統分析增進政府效率」(Efficiency in Government through Systems Analysis. by Roland N. Mckean, 1958) 其內容主要敘述利用成本利益分析以抉擇行政活動計劃，但與效率測量亦具有相當密切的關係，故本文會約略論及。

Artzner等學者在1999年提出風險測量值應具備同調（coherent）性質，然而，涉險值並未能完全符合。本文針對Wirch ＆ Hardy（1999）提出滿足Artzner et al.（1999）所定義同調性質之風險量化指標如條件尾端期望值（Conditional Tail Expectation；又稱尾端涉險值，Tail-VaR）以及危險比例（proportional hazards；PH）、雙重次方（dual power；DP）變形函數（distortion function）等風險衡量方法作探討，參考MGWP（1980）、Boyle ＆ Hardy（1997）、Hardy（2000）、Yang（2001）、Wilkie ＆ Waters ＆ Yang（2003）對於附保證給付之投資連結型保險契約提存準備金的方法，將其應用到保險公司所發行的附保證給付之風險量化上，同時比較其與涉險值之差異。其中之數值分析將以附最低死亡保證給付（Guarantee Minimum Death Benefit）之變額年金，以及附保證年金選擇權（Guaranteed Annuity Options）之單位連結（Unit-linked）保險商品作為範例，分別以台灣、英國兩地的投資環境為背景，檢視其附保證給付之投資型保單可能面臨的風險暴露，提供保險公司作為提存投資型商品保證給付部分之責任準備金參考。 / In this paper we introduce the properties of a coherent risk measure（Artzner et al（1999））. The risk measure of Value at Risk that does not adhere to the consistency requirements is discussed. We consider the coherent risk measures of conditional tail expectation（also known as Tail-VaR）, proportional hazards and dual power distortion functions outlined by Wirch and Hardy（1999）. MGWP（1980），Boyle and Hardy（1997），Hardy（2000），Yang（2001），Wilkie, Waters and Yang（2003）use VaR and the latter two papers also apply conditional tail expectation to reserve for investment-linked contracts with guaranteed risk. Instead, we apply the coherent measures to reserve two different types of guarantee：guarantee minimum death benefit and guaranteed annuity options attached to variable annuity contracts and unit-linked contracts separately. In addition, the comparison of the numerical results for VaR risk measure and coherent risk measure are analyzed.

在解釋變數含測量誤差的簡單線性迴歸模式中，欲使第t+1期之產出Y達到某一目標值Y^*，則必需控制第t+1期投入變數Z，若參數α，β為以知時，可以將其設定為θ=(Y^*-α)/β。但當參數α，β為未知時，我們利用LSCE控制法則的設定方法，得到第t+1期設定的控制值Z_t+1，而且在機率為1下，Z_t+1 收斂至θ=(Y^*-α)/β。而貝氏最佳控制法則部份則是由第t+1期的預測期望損失，找出使其為最小的Z值即是所應設定的第t+1期控制值Z_t+1，並利用模擬結果來說明。