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論台灣華語中的限定與非限定子句的區分 / Defending the Finite vs. Non-finite Distinction in Taiwan Mandarin何郁瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
國 立 政 治 大 學 研 究 所 碩 士 論 文 提 要
研究所別:語言學研究所
論文名稱:論台灣華語中的限定與非限定子句的區分
指導教授:何萬順 博士
研究生:何郁瑩
論文提要內容:〈共一冊,20013字,分七章〉
本篇論文藉由三段邏輯論證法推翻漢語沒有限定與非限定子句之分的論證;反之,支持此區分在台灣華語中的有效性。鑑於「時式」的普遍性,表現在構詞方面的限定與非限定區分在綜合型語言當中是顯而易見的。雖然台灣華語缺乏明顯的構詞標記,但此限定與非限定的區分透過句法類目以及句法現象的限制依然成立。此外,我們亦將次劃分子句為補語的動詞進ㄧ步區分為三類─限定補語動詞、非限定補語動詞、雙類動詞。限定補語動詞可同時次劃分有明顯主語的限定子句以及經由代詞刪略現象後無主語的限定子句,而非限定補語動詞僅能次劃分不帶主語的非限定子句。至於雙類動詞,一類從舊有文獻中劃分出來的新類動詞,擁有同時次劃分限定子句與非限定子句的能力。當雙類動詞次劃分限定子句為補語時,有兩個條件必須被滿足:一是情狀動詞的出現,此為必要條件;二是明顯主語的出現,此為充分條件。再者,子句主語的出現與否端視於主要句謂語與子句謂語間的緩衝詞是否出現。在詞彙功能語法的架構之下,情狀動詞的出現之所以為雙類動詞次劃分限定子句為補語的必要條件是由於雙類動詞要求其子句補語擁有「非實現貌」的元素,而此元素便是由情狀動詞所提供。基於本篇論文中強而有力的論述,我們強烈主張此限定與非限定子句的區分在台灣華語中是存在的,甚至普及於全人類的語言。 / This thesis provides robust argumentation via syllogisms so as to deny the argument that the distinction between finiteness and non-finiteness does not exist in Mandarin Chinese; on the contrary, to defend the proposition that this finite vs. non-finite distinction does exist in Taiwan Mandarin. In virtue of the universality of the category tense, the finite vs. non-finite distinction, morphologically manifested in synthetic languages, is taken for granted. Opaque as it is in Taiwan Mandarin, there still exist other ways for distinction, such as constraints on syntactic categories and operations. Furthermore, we re-classify verbs subcategorizing sentential complements into three types—finite-complement verb (FC verb), non-finite-complement verb (NC verb), dual-listing verb (DL verb). FC verbs can subcategorize not only finite clauses with overt subjects, but also those with covert counterparts left after pro-drop processes, while NC verbs can only subcategorize non-finite clauses as sentential complement. As for DL verbs, a neonatal one extracted from the so-called persuade-type verbs in the literature, has the capability of subcategorizing dual sentential complements, namely, finite clauses and non-finite clauses. When DL verbs subcategorize finite clauses as complement, two conditions must be satisfied to ensure the grammaticality. They are the presence of modals and the presence of overt subjects. The former is a necessary condition; the latter is a sufficient condition. Moreover, the presence of embedded overt subjects hinges on the presence of proper buffers between main predicates and embedded overt subjects. In LFG’s framework, the reason for the presence of modals being the necessary condition is that DL verbs require their sentential complements to have the value IRREALIS, which is denoted by modals obviously. On account of the tenable criteria mentioned in this thesis, we assert with confidence that this finite vs. non-finite distinction does exist in Taiwan Mandarin and that this distinction is considered universal.
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台北市房價泡沫知多少?-房價vs.租金與房價vs.所得鄧筱蓉 Unknown Date (has links)
過去雖有文獻探討國內房地產市場泡沫化問題,卻僅從租金收益的單一角度衡量房價基值,對於自有住宅比例較高的台灣而言,家戶所得不僅代表購屋者的負擔能力,更是構成房價基值的重要因素。有鑑於此,本研究分別從租金收益及家戶所得兩者不同角度下,透過資產市場現值模型,分別建立房價基值模型分析泡沫化現象。此外,過去文獻僅從檢定價格波動穩定性與否或將殘差項視為泡沫來研究泡沫化問題,然泡沫為不可觀察之變數,故本文使用具有可估計不可觀察變數特質的狀態空間模型(STATE-SPACE MODEL),推估泡沫價格,分析在不同時期下泡沫的規模大小。
在實證方面,本研究使用台北市1973Q2至2008Q1共140筆住宅價格資料,發現由租金與所得所計算之房價泡沫規模略為一致。在1988~1990年房市泡沫化時期,所得推估之泡沫規模達到高峰,泡沫價格占市價約47%;而由租金面亦計算出泡沫價格占市價約54%的高比例。而在2008年房價持續上漲的情況下,兩者泡沫價格亦呈現相同上升之走勢,泡沫價格近市價38%,租金推估泡沫價格占市價27%;此結果表示出目前房市有泡沫化之跡象,現階段欲購屋自住者不宜進入市場,宜審慎等待時機。而本文認為房價所得比或是房價租金比皆是作為衡量台北市房地產市場泡沫化現象之重要指標,另外就總體因素分析而言,房價上漲率、貨幣供給額、貸款利率與大盤股價指數皆為影響泡沫之重要因素,且經由實證發現所得所推估之泡沫價格較具有市場代表性。 / The past literatures about Taipei housing price bubble has only been measured the fundamental price by rent. However, the housing owner ratio is so high in Taiwan that housing income is not only regarded as affordability but also an important fundamental factor of housing price. According to the above, we focus on different fundamental models that define market fundamental price to analyses the bubble price from expected present value of both rent and permanent housing income. On the other hand, different from lots of literature testing the housing price volatility or residual to measure bubble prices, because housing bubble is an unobservable variable, we apply State-Space Model which is good for testing an invisible factor to estimate bubble in the housing markets of Taipei.
This paper tries to test whether there was a housing price bubble using Taipei housing price index ranged from 1973Q1 to 2008Q1. The findings indicate that there appeared bubble ratio from 1988 to 1990, 47% of the housing price based on housing income and 54 % of the housing price based on rent. In 2008 when housing price continually keeps rising, bubble price ratios are close to 38% and 27% respectively. Those results show that Taipei seems to have sign of a bubble in this moment and housing buyers should concern it with more caution. Secondly, both price-income ratio and price-rent ratio are good indicators to measure housing bubble prices. Beside, we find macro economic factors change, such as the growth rate of housing price, M2, mortgage rate, and stock price index, are important to influence the size of housing bubble. Thirdly, bubble price estimated by housing income has a better performance than rent.
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論環境刑事案件之行政調查與刑事偵查林慧菁 Unknown Date (has links)
環境問題之處理具有多面向,本文首先認為應以憲法保障人民之環境基本權,而為落實環境保護之目的,立法者在法制上,將環境案件分別以環境行政法與環境刑法規範,故產生環境行政案件與環境刑事案件。
本文之研究動機始於筆者參與環保實務工作所面臨之問題,研究發現環境刑事案件中行政調查與刑事偵查之關係,錯綜複雜,不論在學理上或實務上均為難題。本文除分別論述環境刑事案件中行政調查與刑事偵查之法理與調查程序之進行外,並詳細說明檢察機關、警察機關、環保行政機關間合作之理由與運作之實務。
同時,本文嘗試以法院判決之實務案例,建立多種調查模式,包括:環保行政機關發動調查模式、警察機關發動調查模式、檢察機關發動調查模式、多數機關參與調查模式(又分為:環保行政機關與警察機關共同行政調查後轉為刑事偵查模式、環保行政機關參與檢察機關之刑事偵查模式),並藉由分析各種模式之調查程序與界限、多數案件類型、調查法律依據,發現:行政機關參與刑事偵查之依據、警察之雙重身分導致界限不明、程序單一或程序並行等均為問題所在。
最後,本文認為在環境刑事案件中行政調查與刑事偵查之交界,應踐行正當法律程序,尤其應遵守令狀原則,以保障被調查者之基本權利,故建議應於環境法中明文規範。
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無線網狀網路上利用多傳輸功率及多網卡之跨層路由協定設計 / Cross-Layer Design for Multi-Power, Multi-Interface Routing Protocol in Wireless Mesh Networks蔡松達, Tsai, Sung Ta Unknown Date (has links)
近年來無線網狀網路(Wireless Mesh Networks)備受矚目,無線網狀網路繼承原有的ad hoc networks的特性並提供階層式及多網卡的網路存取架構。在multi-hop networks下,傳輸功率的控制和網路路由的選擇是重要的議題,因為不同的傳輸功率產生不同的網路拓墣連結性和干擾。此外,在不同網路卡間的路由選擇也會產生不同程度的intra/inter-flow 干擾。這些特性對網路效能有密切的影響,過去相關的路由協定設計也大多未同時考量傳輸功率控制與多網路卡的特性。
在這篇論文中,我們提出了跨網路協定層的路由協定,稱作M2iRi2,同時考量傳輸功率的控制並將Intra/Inter-flow的干擾導入到路由路徑的選擇。節點上的網路卡在物理層(Physical layer) 計算目前對潛在可容忍的新增干擾,並將此訊息送到網路層(Network layer)和鄰居節點作交換。透過此資訊的交換,在路由發現時控制路由請求封包的傳輸功率,當路由建立後,封包根據路由表的記載,選擇所對應的路由路徑和傳輸功率。經由NS-2模擬結果顯示,我們所提出的跨網路協定層路由協定可同時兼顧網路的吞吐量和平均點對點的延遲。 / In recent years, WMNs (Wireless Mesh Networks) technologies have received significant attentions. WMNs not only accede to the advantages of ad hoc networks but also provide hierarchical multi-interface architecture. Transmission power control and routing path selections are critical issues in the past researches of multi-hop networks. Variable transmission power levels lead to different network connectivity and interference. Further, routing path selections among different radio interfaces will also produce different intra/inter-flow interference. These features tightly affect the network performance. Most of the related works on routing protocol design do not consider transmission power control and multi-interface environment simultaneously.
In this thesis, we proposed a cross-layer routing protocol called M2iRi2 which coordinates transmission power control and intra/inter-flow interference considerations as routing metrics. Each radio interface calculates the potential tolerable added transmission interference in the physical layer. When the route discovery starts, the M2iRi2 will adopt the appropriate power level to evaluate each interface quality along paths. The simulation results demonstrate that our protocol can enhance both network throughput and end-to-end delay.
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外籍專業人士在台工作及其相關權益之探討--以外籍英語教師為例 / White-Collar Foreign Workers in Taiwan: A Preliminary Research賴加華, Lai, Nancy Unknown Date (has links)
本研究欲探討外籍專業人士來台工作的三個階段(來台前、來台工作期間與
未來規劃),藉以瞭解外籍專業人士選擇來台工作的管道,在台期間工作狀況與
生活適應情形,未來的職涯規劃,以及勞雇雙方對我國相關規定的評價和看法,
以瞭解台印間的交流情形與狀況。
在方法上,本研究自2007 年3 月25 日起至2007 年4 月22 日止,為期約一
個月,總共9 位對象進行訪談,包括7 位外籍教師和2 位本國籍雇主。而本研究
主要發現為:
一、 來台前:
(一) 促使外籍人才向外流動的推力多為個人因素決定,而非原生國存在就業困
難。
(二) 網際網路的連結與社會網絡的關係,成為外籍專業人士獲得台灣工作機會
資訊,以及在台期間解決日常生活問題的重要因素。
(三) 本國籍雇主在招募外籍專業人士的過程中會因為地理因素而產生風險。
(四) 勞委會實施單一窗口制度之後,申請與引進外國專技人員過程所花費的時
間與交易成本仍有改進空間。
二、在台期間:
(一) 生活上
1.受訪的外籍教師表示在台灣的生活很安全,適應情形良好。
2.英語溝通與國際化生活環境的確會成為外籍教師在台工作的困擾。
(二) 工作上
1. 受訪的外籍教師對於自身在台工作權益的瞭解有限。
2. 國內聘用外籍教師的制度較為被動,無充足誘因吸引海外人才來台。
3. 整體而言,引進外籍教師須先顧及本籍英語教師資格任用制度,且聘用
外師也需要一通盤原則,對提升我國英語環境才有正面效益。
4. 目前台灣的學術研究環境因為資源分配和地區發展不均,造成城鄉英語
環境落差較大,外師應盡速引進至資源缺乏的地區。
三、未來規劃:
1. 獲得豐富的國外工作經驗對於受訪的外籍英語教師將來回原生國的生
活與工作相當有幫助。
2. 台灣人熱情且友善的態度讓人留下好印象,可能成為外籍英語教師回
流台灣工作服務的因素之一。
最後,本研究建議政府應該注重各相關部會的整合,以及繼續改善我國國際
化環境,加強外籍專業人士與我國勞動市場的供需媒合機制,促使我國與各歐美
國家的連結更為密切,有助於國家經濟和國際形象的發展。 / This research wants to probe into the three phases (before, during, and after) of
foreign professionals working in Taiwan, so as to understand the working
communication in Taiwan that foreign professionals use, their working situation and
living adaptation during in Taiwan, their career plans in the future, and the opinions of
employees and employers on related regulations.
This research uses the method of having interviews with the foreign English
teachers and native employers. From March 2007 to April 2007, 7 foreign English
teachers and 2 native employers were conducted. The main findings of this research
are as below:
I. Before coming to Taiwan:
1. Explore life experience is the reason that most foreign English teachers want to
find a job out of original country.
2. The connection of internet and relation of social network become the most
important factors for foreign professional skills about acquiring the information
of work opportunity, and solving the daily lives problems in Taiwan.
3. Because of distance, it causes risk factors through Taiwanese employers recruit
foreign English teachers.
4. There still have the spaces to improve the transaction cost spent in foreign
professionals importing and applying procedure after CLA implementing the
“Single Window” program.
II. Staying in Taiwan:
1. In Living:
a. In general, foreign English teachers in these interviews are satisfied with the
living environment in Taiwan.
b.Disappointedly, there is a blemish which is the English condition in Taiwan not
good enough, and there are no bilingual instruction in many public places
facilities, documents, and products.
2. In Work:
a. There are limitation for foreign English teachers to know about their own work
rights and interests in Taiwan.
b. The NSC system in attracting foreign professionals tends to be passive, there is
not enough attractiveness.
c. In general, we should consider native English teachers’ work rights and then
introduces the foreign teacher. There is a great positive benefit to our development
in promote English ability.
d. There are some problems existing in the environment of scholarly research in
Taiwan recently which are the unbalance of the resources distribution and
disproportion of region development.
III. Future plan:
1. Acquiring the foreign work experience is very important for these foreign English
teachers living and works in original country finally.
2. Taiwanese friendship and enthusiasm may become one of the factors that make
foreign English teachers come again.
To sum up, this research suggests that we government should emphasize more
on the integration of related departments to indeed implement “Single Window”
system, keep on improving our international condition, and strengthen the work
connection between the West and Taiwan, all of the above will help promoting
Taiwanese economic development and international image.
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多網卡無線網狀網路下支援點對點串流的品質感知多重骨幹建置設計 / Quality-Aware Multiple Backbone Construction on Multi-interface Wireless Mesh Networks for P2P Streaming陳維鴻, Chen, Wei Hung Unknown Date (has links)
無線網狀網路(WMNs)為目前熱門的廣域無線網路接取技術。使用者可以透過WMNs隨時在各處使用即時影音播放的服務。相較於傳統的主從式架構,低成本且容易建置的點對點架構更適用於影音串流的應用;在進行即時影音播放的時候,影音播放的品質便為相當重要的目標。因為多媒體應用服務對於延遲及網路傳輸效能相當敏感,且WMNs的傳輸過程中常會面臨同頻道干擾的問題而使得傳輸的效能銳減,當每個網路節點都具有多張無線網路卡時,如何善用WMNs多頻道傳輸的特性提升效能更是顯得特別重要。在本篇論文中,我們利用WMNs多頻道傳輸的特性進行多媒體群播傳輸,參考史坦納樹的概念來改善現有的MAODV路由演算法,以傳輸品質較佳的鏈結改良原本尋找最小跳躍數路徑的方式,建立兩棵完全互斥的群播樹作為點對點傳輸的骨幹網路,並以MDC的概念將影像串流編碼成兩份獨立的子串流分別經由不同的群播樹傳輸。經實驗評估,我們的方法在網路負載較高的環境下能有效的降低延遲並提高整體系統的效能。 / In WMNs, users can enjoy the real-time video streaming service anytime and anywhere through the services. Compared to the client/server model, P2P approaches is more suitable for video streaming applications because of its low cost and easy deployment. But when using the real-time multimedia service in WMNs, the multimedia applications are very sensitive to delay time and the performance of packets transmission. And the performance is significantly influenced by the co-channel interference, so that it is important to know how to transmit by multi-channel to enhance the performance. In our approach, we choose the better quality links for routing instead of the minimum hop-count path in MAODV. Then we distribute the video streaming to receivers by multicast in multi-channel WMNs, and refer to the Steiner tree concept to modify the MAODV routing protocol to construct two disjoint multicast trees as the backbone for the P2P structure. Therefore, we can adopt the MDC scheme to encode the video into two independent sub-streams and transmit separately along these trees. Experiment results show that in higher network traffic load environment, our scheme is more effective to reduce the latency and improve overall system performance.
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非語言敏感度的性別差異:權力差異與不同社會角色期待的效果探討 / Gender difference on nonverbal sensitivity: Due to power differentials or different social role expectations?林怡秀, Lin, Yi Hsiu Unknown Date (has links)
非語言敏感度(nonverbal sensitivity)指正確察覺與解釋他人非語言訊息的能力。過去研究發現女性的非語言敏感度優於男性,可以權力取向或社會角色理論解釋。權力取向認為女性在社會上缺乏權力,故需展現良好的非語言敏感度保障自己權益。社會角色理論認為女性擔任,或被期待擔任照顧者,因此培養良好的非語言敏感度。本研究同時探討權力取向與社會角色理論,嘗試比較兩個理論對非語言敏感度性別差異的解釋。本實驗採用兩人互動,透過權力差異的操弄與不同的議題(經濟提供者議題或照顧者議題)討論,探討互動時的非語言敏感度。每位受試者還觀看四部影片,測量無動機影響的非語言敏感度。結果顯示權力差異可解釋兩人互動的非語言敏感度,且資料型態符合權力差異者的動機解釋。而觀看影片時,相較於探討經濟提供者議題受試者,探討照顧者議題受試者有較佳的非語言敏感度。此外我們亦發現性別、權力與社會角色三因子交互作用,非語言敏感度會受到實驗分派的社會角色是否符合生理性別的傳統作業影響,符合預期狀態理論的觀點。 / Nonverbal sensitivity refers to the ability to accurately detect and decode nonverbal cues communicated by others. Past research showed that women enjoy superior nonverbal sensitivity over men. Power perspective and social role theory each provides explanations for women's superior nonverbal sensitivity. Power perspective suggests that due to the lack of power in the society, women count on their nonverbal sensitivity to get what they want and for protection. Social role theory suggests that women are more likely to be in or are usually expected to be in caretaker roles, which require their attending to others' verbal or nonverbal cues. As a result, women develop superior nonverbal sensitivity compared to men. We designed an experimental study to test explanations offered by power perspective and social role theory. In the experiment, two individuals were told to collaborate on a task either required them to be in the provider role mode (focusing on earning money) or caretaker role mode (focusing on taking care of others). Power difference was manipulated by assigning one of the two individuals to be a leader and the other follower in this task. Interactions were recorded upon participants’ consent. After interaction, the participants were asked to interpret nonverbal cues in their interaction. They were also told to view four video clips, and then report and interpret nonverbal cues in each video clip. The results suggest that nonverbal sensitivity in interaction can be best accounted for by explanations consistent with the power perspective. The powerful was better at “B sees Self” nonverbal sensitivity, and the powerless was better at “B sees Me” nonverbal sensitivity, consistent with motivational explanations. In addition, we found a three-way interaction of participant sex, power, and social role, suggesting that women had the best “B sees Me” sensitivity when they had no power and were in the provider role. And men showed the best “B sees Self” sensitivity when they had power and were in the provider role. The three-way interaction finding is consistent with predictions made by expectation states theory. However, when viewing four video clips, participants in the caretaker role had better nonverbal sensitivity than those in the provider role. Motivation was offered to account for the differential effects of power and social roles. By analyzing clips of the dyadic interactions, we found that the powerful showed more leader behavior such as deciding discussion direction, and the powerless showed more follower behavior such as stammering. However, the results of the clips did not account for the aforementioned findings of nonverbal sensitivity.
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外在環境對女性性別歧視與工作家庭衝突的影響陳雪君 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文探討外在環境和女性支持性別歧視的關係,透過實驗室的操弄和現實情境的測量進行了解,並探討可能的機制。此外,本論文也探討女性知覺到的負面環境、女性自身的性別歧視和工作家庭衝突的關聯性。根據社會認同威脅理論和Fischer(2006)的研究發現,本論文預期當外在環境對於女性的態度為負向時,女性較支持性別歧視。在實驗室情境中(研究一),藉由訊息價值和訊息來源的操弄,以了解正負面環境和態度來源差異對於女性性別歧視的影響,並透過負向狀態解除和女性次類別評估,探討女性支持性別歧視的可能原因。在現實情境中(研究二),我們請女性填答工作環境量表以測量受試者知覺到的負面環境,並檢驗女性負面環境和性別歧視之間的關係。此外,也檢驗負面環境與女性所經歷的工作家庭衝突有何關係。除了探討女性支持性別歧視的現象與機制外,本論文亦檢驗性別歧視與女性經驗工作家庭衝突的因應策略有何關係。
總結來說,本論文有兩個研究。研究一透過實驗法探討女性因負面環境而支持性別歧視的現象,並關心負面來源的影響,藉此檢驗外在環境對於女性支持性別歧視的影響。並透過兩個可能機制:負向狀態解除和女性次類別評估,以了解女性支持性別歧視的可能原因,其中受試者為223位大學女學生。實驗操弄女性受試者得知男性(或女性)對女性的正向(或負向)評價,並經由三種不同作業探討兩種機制,即採2(訊息來源:男性、女性)× 2(訊息價值:正向、負向)× 3(作業:控制組、負向狀態解除、女性次類別評估)實驗者間設計。結果顯示控制組的惡意性別歧視受訊息價值和訊息來源影響。當得知女性對女性有正向評價時,受試者較不支持惡意性別歧視,而善意性別歧視不受訊息價值和訊息來源影響。根據次類別評估作業,本研究發現相較於正向評價組,負向評價組的受試者會貶抑無能力、負向且非典型的女性次類別。此外,透過對女性次類別的評價,受試者的性別歧視不受訊息來源和訊息價值的影響。
研究二採問卷調查,以32名已婚且有工作的女性做為研究對象,探討在現實情境中女性知覺負面環境與其性別歧視間的關係,以及知覺負面環境、性別歧視、與女性工作與家庭衝突的關係。有別於研究一使用訊息價值的操弄作為負面環境的激發,研究二使用工作環境量表來測量負面環境。研究結果顯示女性惡意性別歧視與負面工作環境間並無顯著關聯。然而,結果顯示性別角色態度在女性工作環境與善意性別歧視間扮演調節的角色:具有傳統性別角色態度者,其善意性別歧視與工作環境的關聯較不傳統者高,也就是說,性別角色態度較傳統者,知覺越負面的工作環境,其善意性別歧視也越高;性別角色態度較不傳統者其知覺的工作環境與善意性別歧視則無關聯。而在探討負面環境對於工作家庭衝突的影響時,我們發現越知覺負面工作環境,受試者感受的工作與家庭衝突壓力越大。
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聯合系統與獨特風險下之信用違約交換評價 / Joint pricing of CDS spreads with Idiosyncratic and systematic risks王聖文, Wang, Sheng-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究透過聯合系統與獨特風險綜合評估違約的強度,假設市場上經濟變數或資訊影響系統之違約強度,然若直接考慮所有經濟變數到模型中將可能會有共線性或維度過高之疑慮,因此透過狀態空間模型來設定狀態變數以及經濟變數之關係並將萃取三大狀態變數分別用以描述市場實質活動面、通貨膨脹以及信用環境。另外,將透過結構式模型來計算獨特性風險大小,當個別潛在的變數低於一定數值將導致個別的違約事件發生。而因布朗運動可能無法描述或校準市場上違約之鋒態以及偏態,將進一步考慮Variance Gamma過程用以更準確描述真實違約狀況。最後透過結合以上兩個風險綜合評估下,考慮一個聯合違約模型來評價信用違約交換之信用價差。 / Systematic and idiosyncratic risks are supposed to jointly trigger the default events. This paper identifies three fundamental risks to capture the systematic movement: real activity, inflation, and credit environment. Since most macroeconomic variables fluctuate together, the state-space model is imposed to extract the three variables from macroeconomic data series. In the idiosyncratic part, the structural model is applied. That is, idiosyncratic default
is triggered by the crossing of a barrier. For improvement of the underlying lognormal distribution, we assume the process for the potential variable of the firm follows a Variance Gamma process, sufficient dimensions of which can fit the skewed and leptokurtic distributions. Under the specific setting of combinations of the two risks (the so-called joint default model), we price credit default swaps.
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應徵者面談焦慮在甄選面談中的角色:探討面試官行為和特性的調節效果 / The role of applicant interview anxiety in selection interviews: The moderating effects of interviewer behaviors and characteristics黃嘉雄, Huang, Chia-Hsiung Unknown Date (has links)
應徵者處於甄選面談的情境或多或少都會經驗到一定程度的焦慮,過去研究指出焦慮的確會對應徵者行為表現,以及面試官評價產生影響,本研究回顧文獻證據提出焦慮情緒狀態或許應視為造成面試官評價偏誤的來源之一;由情感事件理論的觀點,探討「氣氛營造」與「溫暖行為」能否降低應徵者焦慮情緒狀態對於應徵者行為的影響;以及探討面試官的「面談經驗」和「歸因傾向」對於應徵者行為和面試官評價的調節效果。本研究採取模擬面談法(mock interview),邀請一年內即將謀職的應徵者,以及具面談經驗的業界人士擔任面試官,進行一對一的甄選面談,蒐集應徵者和面試官雙方的配對資料,共計94筆。統計分析結果顯示「面談焦慮情緒狀態」對於「面試官評價」的影響,係完全透過應徵者「焦慮行為」所中介。並未如預期發現面試官「溫暖行為」與「氣氛營造」等行為,削弱應徵者焦慮情緒對其行為的影響,以及「面談經驗」和「歸因傾向」等面試官個人特性調節焦慮行為與面試官評價的負向關係。本研究分別針對應徵者和面試官雙方提出實務建議,以及提出未來可能的研究方向。 / Prior studies found that applicants’ anxious state influence applicants’ behaviors and in turn interviewer evaluations. The present study argues that anxiety may be one of transient errors biasing interviewer evaluations. Taking interpersonal skills and trait anxiety specific to employment interview into account, this study examines the relationship among anxious emotional state, applicants’ behaviors, and interviewer evaluation. Based upon affective event theory as overarching framework, I propose that rapport building and warm behavior of interviewers as affective events may generate applicants’ positive emotion mitigates the negative influence of anxiety state on applicants’ behavior. In addition, prior studies suggested that interview experience and attribution preferences influence information processes of interviewers. These interviewers’ characteristics may minimize the negative impact of applicants’ anxious behavior on interviewer evaluation. Mock interview with 94 perspective applicants at the time in pursuing jobs and 37 EMBA students as interviewer were recruited from 9 universities. Results of regression analyses showed that applicants’ anxious behavior mediate the relationship between anxiety state and interviewer evaluation. However, the moderating effects of rapport building and warm behavior on the relationship between interviewees’ anxiety state and behaviors did not receive support. The effects of applicants’ anxious behaviors on interviewer evaluation do not vary as function of interview experience and attribution preference. Discussions and future suggestions were provided.
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