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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

財稅差異與管理階層獎酬之探討 / A Research on the Tax-Book Difference and Management Compensation Incentive

徐瑩杰, Hsu, Ying-Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
從1990年起,美國財政部發佈之消息顯示,公司之財稅差異不斷擴大,每年預估之財稅收入不斷向下修正,公司是否透過財務會計準則與稅法間不同規定所產生之差異進行避稅行為,引發政府機關與學者之關切。另一方面,盈餘管理為近年來熱門的探討主題之一,因此,財稅差異是否為其中一種手法,為本研究探討之主題。 過去學者透過稅前財務所得之變動及組成來判斷盈餘管理之存在,本研究則透過財稅差異之變動幅度與稅前財務所得之連動關係,及過去文獻用以衡量盈餘管理之變數來測試財稅差異是否與盈餘管理有關。另一方面,管理階層獎酬為產生盈餘管理行為的重要誘因之一,故分析管理階層之誘因是否會影響財稅差異之幅度,也納入本研究探討之主題。最後,本研究從公司治理機制中財務報表之角度,分析公司治理機制是否對於財稅差異幅度有同樣之影響,加強本研究之結果。 本研究之實證結果顯示:(1)財稅差異之幅度可能為盈餘管理操弄手法之一;(2)管理階層獎酬誘因越大,透過財稅差異操弄盈餘之幅度越大,尤其以管理階層所獲取之現金紅利具有最高關聯性,且有持續三年影響效果;(3)公司治理機制之良莠,影響財稅差異幅度;(4)當財務所得大於課稅所得或是大於零時,管理階層透過財稅差異操弄盈餘之情形更加顯著。 / According to the report published by Internal Revenue Service in 1990s, corporate tax-book differences trends increasingly and consequently brings about the government and researchers’ concerns about whether managers’ incentives influence the way they manipulate the earnings by different regulation among financial income and taxable income. In this study, I will first develop the model to measure the relation between earnings management and tax-book differences. On the other hand, compensation incentives are the major factors in earnings management. Therefore, the more the incentives, such as higher bonus, stockholding and bonus rates, the more possibilities earnings management. In addition, to enhance the result of the analysis; variables of corporate governance which have been testified as having connection with earnings management are added as robust test. The result demonstrates that corporate tax-book difference is related to earning management, and that compensation incentives are the motives of managers to manipulate financial income for extra return. Moreover, corporate governance is also another factor which affects the degree of earnings management. Besides, this situation becomes more obvious when financial income is larger than taxable income or when it appears to be zero. This study may help explaining why large tax- book gaps trend increasingly.
12

任務性、脈絡性及適應性績效表現與主管獎酬決策影響效果之研究 / The study of the effect of task performance, contextual performance and adaptive performance on supervisory reward decision

簡博浩, Chien, Po Pao Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的研究目的在探討工作績效理論中任務性、脈絡性及適應性績效表現對主管獎酬決策的影響。研究一以「特定職位或職系適用」的角度,以業務經理為標的,運用實驗法以影片模擬實驗法的三因子實驗設計來進行,以233位企業主管為受試對象。研究二以「跨職位適用」的角度,運用調查法以150位主管選取一位部屬來評量三種工作績效表現。兩個研究結果顯示,任務性及脈絡性績效表現如過去研究結論一致,對主管獎酬決策有影響;適應性績效表現亦對主管獎酬決策有影響。透過實驗法驗證,適應性績效表現與脈絡性績效表現的交互效果對主管獎酬決策有影響;但與任務性績效表現的交互效果則是不存在的。透過調查法驗證,在任務越複雜的工作,脈絡性績效表現及適應性績效表現對主管獎酬決策的正向關係則越強。在研究三中,針對上述研究結論及實務應用,以兩個職務屬性為干擾效果,發現顧客接觸需求程度及任務相互依賴性越高的職位,適應性績效表現與主管獎酬決策的關係就越強。 本論文之研究延伸工作績效內涵,驗證適應性績效表現對主管獎酬決策有其影響。並以三個不同的研究來驗證假說,從不同的職務適用觀點及研究方法的角度,更具理論及實務的價值。 / The current research aims to examine how adaptive performance, contextual performance and task performance correlate supervisory reward decision. The study employed the methods of survey and laboratory experiments and virtually comprises three parts. In Part One, from the perspective of specific occupations or job families, 233 manager subjects were recruited to view a previously-videotaped simulated sales executive’s job performance and give rating afterwards in terms of his task performance, contextual performance, and adaptive performance. In Part Two, from the perspective of applicable across jobs, 150 manager subjects randomly chose one of their subordinates and rated his/her task, contextual and adaptive performance. The findings in either Study 1 or Study 2 were congruent with results of previous research, which indicated not only the main effects of task and contextual performance but also (that of) adaptive performance affected supervisory reward decision. In addition, the experiment study justified that the interactional effects of adaptive and contextual performance were crucial factors to modify the supervisory reward decision, while the field study illustrated how employees’ contextual and adaptive performances reinforced supervisory reward decision especially when task complexity were taken into consideration. In Study 3, based on the former findings and practical application, we found that a job position of high customer-contact requirements and high task interdependence significantly strengthened the correlation between adaptive performance and supervisory reward decision. This study not only endorses the essentiality of job performance but also testifies effect of adaptive performance on supervisory reward decision. Moreover, this study, using different methodologies, has extended theory and provided practical implications.
13

高階主管獎酬、盈餘結構與後續經營績效之實證研究

王婉茲 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以美國公司為樣本,探討高階主管獎酬結構與後續經營績效之關係以及高階主管獎酬結構與盈餘結構之關係。在高階主管獎酬結構與後續經營績效之關係方面,本文以營業活動之現金流量(CFO)、經濟附加價值(EVA<sup>R</sup>)與股票報酬率(RET)作為衡量公司經營績效之指標,並以會計績效指標之總資產報酬率(ROA)與普通股權益報酬率(ROE)作為敏感性分析。實證結果均支持預期之推論,即高階主管獎酬結構著重長期激勵之公司,其後續績效明顯優於獎酬結構著重短期激勵之公司。   在高階主管獎酬結構與盈餘結構之關係方面,本研究發現:(1) 盈餘結構之應計項目中,應收帳款變動數、應付帳款變動數、存貨變動數與高階主管短期激勵性獎酬呈正相關,而折舊費用則與高階主管之短期激勵性獎酬呈負相關;反之,應收帳款變動數、應付帳款變動數、存貨變動數則與高階主管之長期激勵性獎酬呈負相關,而折舊費用則與高階主管之長期激勵性獎酬呈正相關。如預期地,這說明較高的短期性盈餘應計項目會導致較高的短期激勵性獎酬,及較低的長期激勵性獎酬;而與長期性投資有關的折舊費用則與長期激勵性獎酬呈正相關。因此偏向短期激勵性獎酬之結構,易誘使高階主管利用該四項應計項目,以獲取短期激勵性獎酬;反之,若高階主管獎酬結構以長期激勵性獎酬為主,則高階主管會較重視長期獲利能力與績效,無形中減少操縱短期盈餘之誘因。(2)高階主管現金獎酬比例越高之公司,其盈餘結構中之流動裁決性應計項目比例亦越高,說明現金獎酬比例較高之獎酬結構會誘導高階主管調節流動裁決性應計項目,以達到預定之盈餘目標。   綜合以上研究發現,高階主管獎酬結構對於經理人之經營誘因,扮演極重要之角色。 / This study investigates the relationship between CEO compensation structure and components of earnings and that between CEO compensation structure and firm's long-term performance. The larger the proportion of long-term incentive compensation in CEO's total compensation, the better the firm's long-term performance which is measured either as CFO, EVA<sup>R</sup>, stock return, or accounting performance measures. On the contrary, higher proportion of short-term incentive compensation in total compensation can be obtained by manipulating accrual components. Firms with larger proportion of cash compensation have higher current discretionary accruals so that managers could be motivated toward managing discretionary current accruals to achieve target earnings. Such evidence suggests that compensation structure can be an important mechanism that induces manager's efforts towards shareholders' interest.
14

我國行政機關人事機構激勵管理之研究

韓英俊, Han, Ying-Zun Unknown Date (has links)
第一章緒論:旨在說明激勵管理的概念及其主要功能,並陳述研究的動機與目的,及 研究的範圍與方法。 第二章在說明激勵管理的理論基礎,先是析述組織理論的發展與管理哲學的演進,籍 系統理論來說明激勵管理理論產生的背景;次為對個人行為加以剖析,藉心理學與社 會學的研究發現,來解析激勵管理理論與個人心理及行為間的關係。 第三章在說明激勵管理的理論與應用,首先介紹各家學說之主要論點並予述評,其次 論述組織實施激勵管理時,應先考慮的影響因素及其思維原則,然後陳述如何方能有 效建立與實施激勵管理制度。 第四章在說明我國行政機關人事機構及其激勵管理制度,係先簡述我國行政機關人事 機構組織體系之沿革及其特質,然後敘述其實施激勵管理有關之具體作法。 第五章係根據問卷及訪談資料,從人事配合、人員獎酬、人員發展及人員參與等四方 面來說明我國行政機關人事機構從事人員對於現行激勵管理措施的看法及改進意見。 第六章結論:旨在歸納研究之發現,作一簡明扼要之列舉,並分別針對現錶,提出綜 合性之檢討與建議,藉供管理當局之參考。
15

員工分紅入股費用化對上市櫃公司員工獎酬制度之影響---以台灣太陽能產業為例 / Impolication on distribution of employee bonus are considered as expenses for listing companies in Solar industry

陳玫燕, Chen, Mei Yen Unknown Date (has links)
2008年1月1日起員工分紅之會計處理,將與IFRS國際財務報告準則接軌,即員工分紅不再是盈餘分配,而是作為當期的費用;此外,公司以股票作為員工獎酬,原則上亦須以公平價值衡量,並以費用認列入帳。預計此一會計處理之變革,將對公司、股東及員工均產生重大衝擊。而公司為減緩這些衝擊,會產生何種因應措施,即為本研究探討之對象。 由於太陽能產業在近兩三年之EPS及股價高漲。因股價為影響股票獎酬的重要因素之一,因此受員工分紅費用化之衝擊較大,故選擇兩家太陽能電池之上櫃公司為分析及訪談研究之對象,係因獎酬制度的變革對其影響較可明顯觀察。 獎酬員工之態樣甚多,經訪談兩家樣本公司後,兩家公司之管理當局均不希望政策的改變對公司的EPS造成太大的影響,然以2006年度為例,在維持員工原獲配股數不變的假設下,設算修法後對兩家公司在獲利方面分別下降了32%及15%,股東所得亦呈等額下降,員工個人綜合所得稅總稅負有可能最高分別增加161,893千元及29,383千元;而在公司分配之帳列盈餘不變的假設下,兩家公司之EPS分別減少1.5元及0.5元,股東所得降幅分別為9%及3%,員工總所得減少輻度分別為97.2%及97.4%。綜上可見在不做任何因應的情形下,其對樣本公司的EPS影響甚鉅,故兩家樣本公司勢必在此間尋求一個均衡點,修正其目前的獎酬措施,即可能會降低股票的分配比例,相對增加現金分紅的比例。 又以2005年度兩家公司員工紅利實際分配之情形分析,兩家公司員工紅利配股中分別有27%及44%,分配給公司重要管理當局,所以在此波獎酬制度的變格中,公司的管理當局也是重要的受衝擊者。另董事會及高階經理人通常是公司擬訂員工獎酬計畫的重要決策者,如公司利益與其個人利益相衝突時,是否會影響其決定員工獎酬制度的獨立性,是值得深入探討的問題。 在考量各獎酬制度之特性後,及分析整理員工分紅費用化及適用39號公報對個案公司之影響,本研究彙總結論如下: 一、公司應設算決定固定的員工分紅比例,以免超過公司章程所訂定的配比,同時可控制此對公司EPS的衝擊。 二、降低分紅配股之比重,增加現金股利之比重。 三、透過發放現金及發行員工認股權憑證或限制性股票方式,取代部分員工分紅配股。 四、在公司股價較低的時候買回庫藏股再轉讓給員工,以減少對原股東權益的稀釋程度。 本研究對實務提出下列建議: 一、法令規定員工分紅費用化後,應依費用性質列於營業成本或營業費用項下,惟該費用之估列時點與實際員工分紅分配時點可能差距一年半載,其費用性質分類如涉及有資本化之問題時,是否有操弄損益的空間?建議法令規定有更明確之規範。 二、公司的管理當局,尤其是董事會及高階經理人,為擬訂公司員工獎酬制度重要的決策者。在多數董事又身兼公司重要職務的情形下,為避免董事個人與公司、員工或股東的利益相衝突,建議應制訂法令,規範兼任員工之董事於擬訂公司員工獎酬制度時,應予利益迴避,或委由獨立董事來代表研討及擬訂新的員工獎酬制度。 三、39號公報的適用屬估計變動或會計原則變動,依目前對外公告的39號公報版本看,以估計變動的方式來處理,即不追溯調整以前年度的財務報表,此規範適切與否值得探討。 / In order to converge with International Financial Reporting Standard, the accounting treatment for distribution of employee bonus should be considered as current expense and not be deemed as part of earnings distribution starting from January 1, 2008. Besides, share compensation also has to be recognized as current expense using it’s fair value to measurement. This accounting process changed will result in significant impact on the enterprise, shareholders and employee. This study will discuss what kind of approach might be adopted by those enterprises to mitigate this huge challenge. The EPS and share price for those solar energy related industry are increasing dramatically recently. This study decided to select two solar cell IPO companies as sample to interview and analysis the impact on employee compensation scheme changed, due to the impact will be more observable compare with other industries. There are variety types of employee compensation programs. After interviewed, the management of these two sample companies stated that they are not expecting to impact the company’s EPS significantly. By using these two sample companies’ 2006 financial figures as a base, to understand the effect after amendment of the regulation. Under the assumption of non-amended employees’ distributed shares recalculating

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