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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

混沌及不確定環境下的成長策略-以S公司為例 / The growth strategy in chaos and uncertain environment

彭國書 Unknown Date (has links)
在全球經濟化形式下,新資訊時代的變化帶來企業所面臨環境有更高的不確定性,市場變幻莫測,國際經濟環境動盪,企業的生存面臨著前所未有的挑戰,世界金融危機所帶來的困境、裁員、企業升級等危機,這些都迫使企業經營者不得不去思考如何應對環境快速變化之特性及採取必要的經營策略。企業在劇烈的環境變化中如何發揮自身的競爭優勢,並與其他企業合作互贏,來應對外部持續變化的不確定環境。 本研究由文獻資料分析出企業所面臨不確定環境中所應用的策略,確認不確定環境中可採用的策略方法,對競合策略、企業文化、企業創新與轉型、SWOT分析法及平衡計分卡進行歸納總結。 本文以膠帶行業一集團中的子公司為研究對象,對膠帶行業的產業結構進行分析,重點介紹大陸PVC市場並對膠帶行業未來的發展趨勢進行預測展望。再對企業目前所處的策略地域、經濟環境、企業環境、環保趨勢進行分析。運用價值網、SWOT分析法、平衡計分卡等分析方法對企業目前的運營狀況進行總結,研究企業現推行的經營策略及未來發展之路,並在最後得出企業實施策略後的成長效益進行總結。 / In the global economic times, the change of new information age cause the business has to faced greater uncertainties environment, the market is uncertain, international economic environment unrest, the enterprise is faced with unprecedented challenges and the world financial crisis brought difficulties, downsizing and enterprises upgraded etc. All these forces managers to think how to solve the problem of environmental rapid changes and take necessary measures . Enterprises how to play its own competitive advantage and cooperation with other enterprises in the severe changes environmental , how to fit the constantly changing environment. This research based on the documentation to analysis of strategy when enterprise in the unsure environment.This research to confirm the strategy could adopted in the unsure environment. Summarize the Co-opetition,corporate culture, innovation and change, swot analysis and balanced scorecard This thesis study with a group of the subsidiary in the tape industry.To analysis the industrial structure and focus on the plastic PVC market of China.The future development tendency of tape industry forecasted.Then analysis strategic areas of enterprises, business environment, corporate environment and the trend of environmental protection.Analysis the present state of the enterprise with the vuale net,SWOT anaylsis and balanced scorecard to research the present operate strategy and the direction of future development.At last,come to the benefits of growth after the enterprises implement strategy.
22

產能限制與個人需求不確定性對耐久財獨佔廠商訂價策略之影響 / Durable Goods Monopoly with Capacity Constraint and Individual Demand Uncertainty

張偉瑱, Chang, Wei Chen Unknown Date (has links)
本文將探討當一販售耐久財的獨佔廠商面臨到商品產量限制以及市場上存在著個人需求不確定性時的最適訂價模式。此外本文也透過分析不同時期消費者所面臨的每期使用價格變化來說明當消費者存在個人需求不確定性時,廠商於兩期使用價格的設定會出現異於Coasian耐久財模型的兩期使用價格設定。當商品效用在第二期出現壞結果時低於一定標準時,廠商兩期使用價格訂價模式將出現第一期使用價格下降而第二期使用價格反而上升的現象,甚至可能出現第二期使用價格高於第一期使用價格的現象。而這與Coasian耐久財模型所呈現的兩期使用價格訂價模式是大不相同。 我們發現當廠商採取非價格承諾的訂價策略且廠商產能處於一定的數值時,廠商採取讓消費者面臨限量風險的訂價策略可獲得較Coasian耐久財模型更高的利潤。由此可見產能限制將可使廠商在採取非價格承諾的訂價策略下仍能透過讓消費者面臨限量的風險來保有獨佔力並且賺取較高利潤。 / This paper will investigate the best pricing strategy for durable goods monopolist with capacity constraint and individual demand uncertainty. We also introduce the concept of “per-period usage price” and illustrate the difference between traditional Coasian durable goods pricing strategy and ours. When the product utility turns out to be a bad outcome and its value is lower than the certain standard, first period’s per-period usage price will decrease while second period’s per-period usage price will increase simultaneously. This consequence is totally different from Coasian durable goods model. When monopolist use non-commitment pricing strategy and face capacity constraint, monopolist will set the price for exerting the risk of rationing to consumers which will help monopolist gain higher profit than Coasian durable goods model. This shows that capacity constraint will help monopolist keep monopoly power and gain higher profit.
23

匯率不確定性與台灣對中國大陸出口關係 / The Relationship of Exchange Rate Volatility and Taiwan Export to Mainland China

曾慧容, Tseng, Hui Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本文探討匯率不確定性與台灣對中國大陸出口之關係,模型中參考Cushman (1986) 觀點加入第三國變數之效果。研究期間以1997年至2010年之季資料,同時考慮總合資料以及部門別資料,並以GARCH估計實質匯率波動性。第三國則利用出口近似度的計算選擇了前四大競爭國,分別為南韓,日本,馬來西亞及新加坡。此外,部門則以HS二碼分類選擇出口至中國大陸前四大之部門,包括機械與電子、精密儀器、橡膠與塑膠類產品及化學品。 本文檢定變數是否有單根。若有單根則進一步檢定這些變數是否存在共整合關係。在確定存在共整合關係後,利用完全修正最小平方法及誤差修正模型進行估計。本文實證結果顯示:匯率不確定性對出口量有負向之影響關係。就部門而言,本文探討的四個部門之結果也反映匯率不確定性對出口具有負向影響,但是以電子產品及塑膠橡膠類之影響最為顯著。 / This paper investigates the relationship between exchange rate volatility and Taiwan’s exports to Mainland China. In the empirical model, the third country effects suggested by Cushman (1986) are considered. GARCH model is employed to estimate real exchange rate volatility. Both aggregate and sectoral quarterly data covering 1997 to 2010 are used in our sample. The third countries are determined by export similarity. The top 4 countries with the highest degree of export similarity are chosen, including South Korea, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, the top 4 Taiwan’s exporting sectors are examined respectively, including machinery and electronic equipment, precision equipment, rubber and plastics, chemicals industries. We first test for unit root of the variables used in the study, and then check the existence of co-integration between the variables with unit root. After confirming the existence of co-integration relationship, we use FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) and VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to estimate the coefficients. Our empirical results suggest that there is a significantly negative effect of exchange rate volatility on Taiwan’s total exports. They also indicate that there is a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and Taiwan’s sectoral exports. Among the top 4 exporting sectors, exchange rate volatility tends to have higher impacts on the machinery and electronic industry as well as chemical industry.
24

獨占廠商的產出與逃稅決策--有限責任與市場不確定性之情況

余承翰 Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立模型,加入許多現實社會存在的現象,包括有限責任限制、景氣榮枯的不確定性以及將決策「階段化」,以探討廠商的產出與逃稅的行為。在逃漏稅行為方面,引入有限責任可能使廠商的逃稅決策呈現「兩極化」。在產出行為方面,未來景氣的不確定性將使利潤稅不具中立性。在無景氣考量下,不論有無有限責任,也不論決策是否具「階段性」,利潤稅對產出仍具中立性。當廠商必須面臨景氣的不確定性且為一風險趨避者的時候,在兩階段決策模型之下,不論有無有限責任的存在,利潤稅的中立性都不會成立。且若存在有限責任,其產量會比不存在有限責任的產量還多,在階段模型下,引入有限責任仍使廠商傾向採取風險較大的行為。
25

不確定情況下台北市不動產開發投資決策之研究─蒙地卡羅模擬方法之運用

黃勝榮, HUANG,SHENG-RONG Unknown Date (has links)
不確定的時代VS不動產開發抽資決策 1.影響不動產投資之各種因素均具有不確定性: (1) 收益因素:售價、租金等。 (2) 成本因素:土地市價、建築材料、工資、利率等。 2.傳統確定性決策模式已不適用於不確定的時代。 如果在不確定情形下正確地作不動產開發投資決策? 蒙地卡羅模擬模型正符合需要。 貳、研究目的 1.修正蒙地卡羅模擬模型,使其適用於台北市不動產開發投資。 2.在考慮風險情況之下,如何運用機率性模型之模擬結果作出投資決策? 3.考慮風險情況與不考慮風險情況所作決策之間是否不同? 亦即以蒙地卡羅作出之決 策與以確定性模型作出之決策是否有所不同? 參、研究方法 先修正蒙地卡羅模擬方法運用之理論基礎,再以修正過之方法作個案研究,最後再以 個案研究之結果,作一般化之建議。 本篇論文所用到之研究工具為蒙地卡羅模擬模型。並以專家意見調查法及效用理論作 修正。 肆、研究範圍 1.針對台北市不動產開發的投資決策作研究,亦即模擬測試之外在環境為台北市。 2.就同一塊基地之開發,評估其不同的開發策略,並作決策。 3.以開發者之立場為本篇論文研究之立場。 伍、研究假設 1.對任何不確定之變數,其變數值均可以機率分配型態表示。 2.每位專家對變數的真正機率分配並非完全知道,但亦並非完全不知道。 3.每位專家受其經驗及接觸環境限制,個別很難估計出正確的變數機率分配。結合多 數專家之意見而產生之機率分配,可縮小誤差範圍。 4.不確定變數的變數值,乃依其機率分配型態隨機產生。 陸、研究步驟 一、擬定開發策略 作成決策的第一個階段為擬定經營策略。擬定策略受經營者的企業目標和外在環境影 響。 二、選擇評估標準 在考慮時間因素,並且考慮投資報酬之絕對量和相對量之影響之下,同時採用凈現值 ( NPV)和內部報酬率 (IRR)為評估標準。 三、擬定確定性模型 以現金流量模型為理論基礎,將各種收益和費用變數,結合成會計方程式。再利用各 變數之間的關係,擬出關係方程式,將模式加以簡化。 四、專家意見調查及整理 由不動產專家估計每一變數之變數值,並對各可能之狀態變數,估計其機率分配。 故為了簡化對專家解釋機率意義的過程,在意見調查中,每個專家僅估計每個變數之 最低–最可能–最高三個估計值,並且指定三個估計值的發生機率為 10%,80%,10. % 。所諮詢的專家樣本數為 30.位。 五、區分狀態變數和控制變數 以敏感性分析加以區分。假設變數為 X,評估標準為 NPV,則 X變化 1.%,NPV 變化 大於或等於 1.%時,X 對NPV 的影響較大,即視為狀態變數。反之,X 變化 1.%,NP V 變化小於 1.%時,X 即視為控制變數。 六、結合狀態變數之機率分配 經專家對每個變數估計出三個變數值後,必須考慮如何結合多位專家的意見。結合專 家意見的方法有三種:加權法、交感法、測度法。本篇論文採用加權法作為結合各專 家意見的理論基礎。 七、蒙地卡羅模擬 首先將狀態變數的機率分配函數結合確定性模型的架構設計出可執行的電腦程式,作 為模擬工具。為求操作簡便起見,本篇論文採用具有亂數函數的LOTUS 1-2-3 套裝軟 體作為模擬工具。 八、比較分析 1.NPV 和 IRR之期望值和變異數比較。 2.NPV 和 IRR之期望值和損失機率比較。 九、投資決策 1.以期望值較高,變異數及損失機率較低為較優策略。 2.找出期望值╱變異數和期望值╱損失機率之無異曲線,以效用較高者為較優策略。 3.以無法量化之因素,如開發者之企業目標,開發者之個人喜好等,衡量難以取捨之 策略。
26

匯率不確定性對台灣出口波動之影響

郭佩婷, Kuo, Pei Ting Unknown Date (has links)
本文目的在於探討匯率不確定性對台灣出口波動之影響。本文應用Barkoulas et al.(2002)理論架構,利用台灣1989年至2007年的月資料。實證結果發現:美元、日圓兌新台幣的匯率波動對於台灣出口美、日兩國的數量並無明顯的影響。美元兌新台幣的匯率波動對於以美國為進口國的台灣出口波動則有正向的影響;日圓兌新台幣的匯率波動對於以日本為進口國的台灣出口波動卻沒有顯著影響。本文認為:造成美元匯率波動主要支配力量,來自於貨幣政策制定者掌握之資訊優勢差異;造成日圓匯率波動的來源則無主要支配力量的存在。造成此種結果的原因在於貨幣政策制定者長久以來所建立的政策可信度所致,削減了造成美元匯率波動的另外二股力量。因此,新台幣兌換美元匯率波動取決於貨幣政策制定者掌握經濟真實狀況的能力與其貨幣政策方向。 / This paper investigates into the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on Taiwan export volatility. Under the theoretical framework of Barkoulas et al.(2002) and the empirical monthly data of Taiwan exports from 1989 to 2007, it is summarized that the exchange rate volatility of NTD/USD and NTD/JPY had no effect on the Taiwan exporting volume toward U.S. or Japan. However, the exchange rate volatility of NTD/USD did have positive effect on the export volatility of Taiwan to U.S. while that of NTD/JPY had no significant effect on the export volatility of Taiwan to Japan.It is argued that the dominant source of NTD/USD exchange rate volatility resulted from the variance of monetary authorities’ information advantage. On the other hand, it exists no such a dominant source in NTD/JPY exchange rate volatility.
27

類神經網路與混沌現象 / The Neural Network and Chaos

吳慧娟, Wu, Hui-Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究設計了一些實驗來檢測學習完混沌資料的神經網路系統是否為混沌系統,驗證的方法是檢驗是否具有混沌資料的四個特性,這四個特性包括:有限性、非週期性、確定性、及對初始條件的敏感依賴。同時,更進一步地利用上述學習完的網路系統來預測所學習的混沌模型,這麼做的目的是想要了解:學習後的網路系統是一個混沌系統時,與學習後網路系統不是一個混沌系統時,其預測能力的比較。 此外,我們亦從理論上證明:學習完混沌資料後的神經網路系統無法重建其所學習的混沌模型。然而,有時網路系統卻能夠模擬成一個混沌系統;如果使用模擬成混沌系統的神經網路來預測具有混沌現象的資料,換句話說,也就可能是使用一個混沌系統去預測另一個混沌系統,根據混沌的特性 -- 對初始條件的敏感依賴,這樣的預測應該會造成相當大的誤差;不過,從本研究的實驗中發現,無論學習後的神經網路系統是否為一個混沌系統,對其預測能力並無顯著的影響。 本論文希望能給「用神經網路系統來預測具有混沌現象的金融市場或其他領域」一些貢獻與幫助。 / This paper uses some experimental designs to detect if the Neural Networks system after learning the chaotic data is a chaotic system. That is verified via testing four characteristics in chaotic data, inclusive of boundedness, determinism, aperiodicity and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Further, this paper uses the result above to predict the learned chaotic model. The purpose is to probe into if the Neural Networks system after learning the chaotic data is a chaotic system and is used to predict, how good the short-term and the long-term predictions will be? And, compare with if the Neural Networks system after learning the chaotic data is not a chaotic system and is used to predict, how large the error will be? We present the Neural Network systems after learning the chaotic data never can rebuild the learned chaotic model. But, sometimes the Neural Network system would mimic as a chaotic system. So, if we take Neural Network system to predict something with chaotic phenomena, it is possible to use one chaotic system to predict another chaotic system. According to the property of sensitive dependence on initial conditions, it should make large errors. However, from the experiments we design, we find whether the Neural Network system after learning is a chaotic system or not, it has no influence on its predicting effect. This hint is applied to use ANN to predict in financial markets or other areas with chaotic phenomenon.
28

對外投資最適時機之研究 / The Opitmal Timing of Foreign Direct Investment

李子明, Li,Tzu Ming Unknown Date (has links)
我國過去以出口為導向的經貿政策,帶動了持續穩定的經濟成長並累積鉅額的外匯存底。近年來隨著經濟發展的日益蓬勃,國內的投資環境面臨了前所未有的衝擊;廠商為求企業之經營成長及競爭優勢,無不致力於降低生產成本,擴大市場規模,因此形成一股前往海外投資的熱潮。本文主要目的是利用「或有請求權法-購入選擇權(CallOption)」訂價理論分析國內出口廠商面對各項投資環境之不確定性因素衝擊時,如何決定「對外投資之最適時機」。因此,本文模型具有下列幾特點:(一)以個別廠商之觀點,探討對外投資之最適時機。(二)探討投資國及地主國生產成本相對變動時,對外投資最適時機之影響。(三)探討投資國及地主國外匯匯率變動時,對外投資最適時機之影響。(四)探討投資地主國享有對外優惠關稅待遇時,對本國廠商對外投資最適時機之影響。(五)探討廠商之研究發展成果與對外投資最適時機之影響。
29

翻譯的不確定性:其論證及有效性 / The Indeterminacy of Translation: It's Arguments and Validity

侯維之, Hou, Wei-Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
蒯因(W.V. quine)在語言哲學的發展上 , 可說是當代一大重鎮. 他對傳 統上在一般經驗論者中 , 對分析與綜合(analytic-synthetic)語句的區 分以及證實說(verificationism)提出嚴厲的批判,這可算是語言哲學中的 一大轉變 . 他的整體論(holism), 理論之不可由經驗完全限定 (unederdetermination of experiences) , 物理主義(physicalism) ,自然主義(naturalism) , 翻譯的不確定性(indeteriminacy of translation),指設的不可測度(inscrutability of references),存有學 的相對性(ontological relativity) 等理論 , 試圖以( 自然) 科學, 或說廣義物理理論作為我們對知識探求的基礎. 本文所要處理的問題是: 在翻譯的不確定性理論中, 蒯因所用的理論是什麼 ? 它是否有效而可以 成立 ? 其論證間是否各自獨立或有相互關係? In the development of philosophy of language, Quine is a very important philosopher. He criticized the traditional empiricism for the analytic-synthetic division and verificationism, this is an important milestone in the history of philosophy of language. He exhausts the whole theory, like holism, underdetermination of experiences ,physicalism, naturalized epsitemology, indetermincy of translation, and inscrutability of reference or ontological relativity, and so on. He tried to use sciences or broader physics to be the base of our researching for knowledge. The topic in this paper is about "indeterminacy of translation", we want to know Quine's arguments, the validity of these arguments, the relations between these arguments, and potential questions of this doctrine.
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產品多樣性及製造彈性對生產績效與生產成本之影響:晶圓代工廠商之實地實證研究

尤隨樺 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文採用實地實證研究,以一家專業晶圓代工廠商為研究對象,詳細分析在晶圓代工的製造環境下,產品多樣性及製造彈性對生產品質、生產週期時間、設備生產力與生產成本之影響。不同於過去研究,以外部彈性(例如:產品組合彈性、新產品彈性等)為研究重心,本論文以內部彈性為研究範疇,涵蓋機器彈性與路徑彈性兩種彈性型態,據以彌補現存製造彈性文獻的缺口。 關於產品多樣性與製造彈性對生產績效與生產成本之直接影響,本論文首先以等候理論與整數規劃模型為基礎,加入實地環境特性的考量,推導研究假說與實證模型;繼而,蒐集來自個案公司6個月的詳細生產資料,包括兩類資料型態:機台水準(machine-level)與生產批量水準(lot-level)進行實證分析。綜合理論模型與實證分析結果,本論文發現:在晶圓代工的製造環境中,由於製程高度自動化之故,產品多樣性對生產績效的直接影響並不顯著,但因研發與工程實驗所產生的環境變異性則對生產績效具有顯著的負面影響;在製造彈性方面,吾人則發現路徑彈性不僅有助於生產週期時間的縮短,也對品質與成本績效具有顯著的正向影響,而機器彈性雖有助於設備生產力的提昇與生產成本的降低,但對生產品質則有顯著的負面影響,此外,本研究也發現:製造彈性與設備生產力、生產週期時間及生產成本之間存在非線性關係,並呈現報酬遞減的趨勢,隱含:極大化製造彈性並非最佳,有限的彈性水準即可達到最大的彈性利益。 考慮製造彈性的價值高低與環境不確定性密切相關,本研究進一步採用路徑分析檢視產品多樣性、製造彈性、環境不確定性與生產績效之間的關聯性,基於本研究以內部彈性為研究範疇,並以製造環境為研究客體,依據生產管理文獻,由製程時間變異性、到達時間變異性及產品需求變異性三項指標定義製造環境的不確定性。實證結果顯示:產品多樣性主要係透過環境不確定性間接影響生產績效,而機器彈性與路徑彈性則有助於調和內部不確定性對生產績效的負面影響,進而達成生產績效的提昇。本論文之分析結果隱含:過去管理會計研究認為產品多樣性對生產績效的影響主要來自於批量作業活動(batch-level activities)與產品支援活動(product-sustaining activities)的增加,而忽略產品多樣性對環境不確定性的影響,可能低估產品多樣性的攸關成本,尤其在一高利用率與高度動態的生產環境中,產品多樣性透過環境不確定性對生產績效的間接影響可能大於產品多樣性對生產績效的直接影響;另一方面,本研究指出:在一動態環境中,廠商可透過製造彈性的提昇,降低環境不確定性對生產績效的負面影響,但最適彈性水準的決定則須取決於製造彈性與其他生產績效衡量之間的函數關係。 / This thesis reports the results of a field empirical study examining the impact of product variety and manufacturing flexibility on production quality, cycle time, equipment productivity, and production cost within the context of semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. To fill the gap in existing research, I attempt to study internal flexibility, rather than external flexibility (e.g., product flexibility, mix flexibility). Two types of internal flexibility are selected, which are machine flexibility and routing flexibility. Using both machine-level and lot-level production data from one dedicated wafer fabrication plant, this thesis examines the direct impact of product variety and manufacturing flexibility on production performance and production cost. Empirical results suggest that greater product variety does not have a significant impact on equipment productivity but does have a significant adverse impact on production quality. Moreover, I find support for the hypotheses that greater routing flexibility has a significant positive impact on quality, time, and cost performance. As for machine flexibility, it has a significant positive impact on equipment productivity and cost performance, but has a significant negative impact on production quality. Furthermore, I also find a non-linear relation between manufacturing flexibility and equipment productivity, cycle time, and production cost. This implies that maximizing the level of manufacturing flexibility is not necessarily optimal for firms. Limiting the flexibility level may actually have the greatest benefit. To further clarify the mechanisms through which variety and flexibility impacts performance, I move beyond the direct effects and investigate the linkage between product variety, manufacturing flexibility, environmental uncertainty and production performance. Based on the operations research, environmental uncertainty is operationally defined as the process time variation, inter-arrival time variation, and output variation. Results from path analysis indicate that product variety negatively affects production performance through environmental uncertainty. This finding stands in direct contrast to the general belief in management accounting research that greater product variety leads to an increase in the number of batch-level activities and product-sustaining activities, which thus increase the production cost. In other words, the reported cost of product variety may be underestimated, because we do not consider the impact of product variety on environmental uncertainty. The magnitude of the underestimation is especially greater in a highly congested and stochastic environment. Empirical results also show that machine flexibility and routing flexibility mitigate the adverse impact of environmental uncertainty on production performance.

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