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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

制度變遷、社會資本與政治參與間關係 / The Relationships among Institutional change, Social Capital and Political Participation

張芳華, Jhang, Fang Hua Unknown Date (has links)
台灣民主轉型的成功除執政菁英的主動變革外,公民參與政治和支持改革亦有其重要性。有鑑於逐年下滑的投票率和工具性社團參與率,本研究主要從制度變遷與社會資本論點來進行探討,以縣市層次制度變項為自變項,三類型社會資本為中介變項,投票與競選活動參與為依變項,目的在了解於民主鞏固時期前後,社會資本的分佈狀況和影響社會資本、政治參與的因素,以提升民眾的社會和政治參與。中介變項與依變項資料來自1993年與2005年台灣社會變遷調查資料(TSCS),自變項資料整合自臺灣地區社會意向調查、各縣市社福資訊與政大選研中心資料庫,主要採用多層次迴歸與邏輯迴歸分析模型來分析資料。 在社會資本分布變化上,結合式社會資本與工具性社參未有顯著改變,情感性社參則顯著增加。相較於情感性社團參與,工具性社團參與的比例較高,在兩個年代中,民眾參與工具性社團比例約在22%左右。在社團內異質性資源分佈上,不同社團的年齡異質性與性別異質性隨不同時期而有所變化。相對地,各類社團在成員的教育、收入與族群組成上反而較為穩定。由於在2005年,民眾教育與收入顯著較1993年為高,意謂著在民主鞏固時期,團體參與者可接觸的社團內異質性資源較多。 並非所有社會資本皆受外在制度所影響,研究結果顯示出國家制度較難影響立基於儒家文化的結合式社會資本。在民主鞏固時期前,縣市執政評價氛圍與生活扶助資源如理論所預期,可影響民眾的情感性社會參與,但其影響力似乎亦有減弱情形。一致性社福資源雖對工具性社團參與有跨期影響力,但卻產生資源排擠效果,而非是資源溢注效果。 政治態度論與社會資本論皆能部份說明為何民眾要參與兩類傳統政治活動,但相較於投票,參與競選活動屬於較耗費成本的參與行為,因此個體資源論較能解釋競選活動的參與。以多層次中介分析步驟檢視縣市制度變項對政治參與的作用後,證實了制度論的作用。在制度變項可能透過社會資本影響政治參與的三條中介路徑,僅一條路徑得到實證上支持。在2005年,縣市急難救助資源可透過工具性社團參與進而影響競選活動參與。 制度變遷的觀點能說明不同時期情感性社團參與和投票的變化。傳統文化價值觀的現代化改變了縣市執政評價氛圍對情感性社團參與的作用。隨著非正式制度環境的改變,情感性社團參與對競選活動參與的作用亦可能隨之改變。而隨著社會福利政策綱領的施行,人均生活扶助資源量的提升,則促進個人的投票行為。總言之,中央政府應注意自身的施政效能,並透過社福資源的適度分配,來促進民眾的社會參與與政治參與行為。 / The success of the transition to democracy in Taiwan should attribute not only to the active reform of the ruling party' cadre, but also to citizens’ participation and political support for the political reformer. In view of the gradual declining turnout rate and instrumental group participation rate, the study tends to describe the distribution of social capital, and explore the potential factors influencing social capital and political participation before and after democratic consolidation period. The paper’s framework from the perspective of institutional change and social capital treats institutional change as the independent variable, three kinds of social capital as the mediated variable, and voting and electoral campaign participation as dependent variables. The study mainly applies the multilevel linear regression and logistic regression model to analyze the mediated and dependent variables from the Taiwan Social Change Survey in 1993 and 2005, separately. As for independent variables, the data is integrated from the Social Image Survey, the social welfare report across counties, and online database of election study center in national Chengchi University. As far as the distribution of social capital is concerned, the results show that the distribution of bonding social capital and instrumental group participation do not have significant change between 1993 and 2005. Compared with participation in 1993, in 2005, the increase of this emotional group participation is apparent. In both year, the instrumental group participation rate is about 22% and is higher than the emotional group participation. In the distribution of diverse resources within groups, age diversity and sex diversity change a lot as the time went by. In contrast, education diversity, income diversity and ethnicity diversity stay stable between groups. In comparison with 1993, people in 2005 have higher education and income level, resulting in the increase of group members’ education and income level. It means that in the democratic consolidation period, it is probable for group participators to approach more diverse resources existing within groups . The effect of institutional variables on the three kinds of social capital is not as same as previous literatures report. Bonding social capital based on confucianism is difficult to be enhanced by the national institutions. Before the democratic consolidation, the effect of living assistance resources, and the atmosphere where people are satisfied with the central government performance which is consistent with theoretical prediction affects people’s participation in the emotional group. However, the effect seems to weaken gradually at the later period. Universal social welfare resources influence the instrumental group participation across different periods, but the negative effect belongs to the crowing out effect rather than the crawling back effect. Political attitudes theory and social capital theory both can partly account for why people participate in these two kinds of traditional political activities. Individual resources theory is suitable for explaining the participation of electoral campaign in that it takes people much more time and cost to engage in the electoral campaign participation than in voting. After examing the effect of institutional variables at the county-level on the political participation through the procedure of multilevel mediation analysis, the findings proven the argument of institution theory. Among the three potential mediation paths in which the institutional variables impact on the political participation through social capital, just one path is supported by the data. In 2005, emergent assistant resources can affect the electoral campaign through the instrumental group participation. The perspective of institutional change can explain the change of the emotional group participation and voting between 1993 and 2005. With the modernization of individual’s traditional attitudes, the county-level effect of evaluation of the central government on the participation in the emotional group is abated. It is probable that the effect of the emotional group participation on the electoral campaign participation differs according to the different environment of the informal institution The increase of living assistant resources per capita, because of the execution of the guiding principle of the social welfare policy, promote people’s voting significantly. In sum up, the attention should be paid by the central authority to strengthen the efficiency of the administration and distribute the social welfare resources appropriately based on the contemporary social condition, in order to improve people’s social participation and political participation.
52

品牌社群對品牌共鳴之影響-以社會資本論之 / The impact of brand community toward brand resonance: based on the theory of social caotal

楊智鈞 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以社會資本理論為基礎,探討品牌社群中社會資本對於品牌共鳴的影響,並以多種產業的品牌社群為研究對象,針對九個品牌社群發放問卷,抽樣方式為便利抽樣,共計回收250份有效問卷。所有樣本以線性結構模式進行分析(LSREL)後,獲得下列結論: 1. 社會資本的形成 社會資本的形成是有順序性的,必須先從結構面開始,進而影響群體的認知面,最後促進關係面,如此才可以讓成員對社群發展高參與和承諾。 2. 社群參與無法正向影響品牌社群承諾 積極參與品牌社群的活動,有可能只是為了滿足成員自己的關係需求。因此,不一定能把社群成員對其他成員的承諾轉為對整體品牌社群的承諾。 3. 品牌社群承諾的前因後果 社會資本的關係面與認知會提升成員的品牌社群成承諾,而品牌社群承諾會正向影響抵抗性與品牌愛慕。 4. 抵抗性、品牌愛慕與品牌共鳴的互相關聯 (一)、抵抗性與品牌愛慕正向影響品牌共鳴 品牌愛慕能正面影響顧客的品牌忠誠度、口碑效應,讓顧客對品牌事務有更高的參與動機;抵抗性則能加深成員對於品牌的情感,促使成員對於品牌的信念更加堅定。本研究證實,抵抗性與品牌愛慕都能幫助品牌共鳴的發展。 (二)、抵抗性正向影響品牌愛慕 顧客在抵抗針對品牌的負面訊息的過程中,抵抗性可以幫助顧客加深自身對於支持品牌的態度,使自己的信念更加堅定,有助於顧客對品牌產生更深層的情感。因此,本研究結果證實抵抗性能夠幫助品牌愛慕的發展。
53

工作整合型社會企業的社會資本應用-財團法人喜憨兒社會福利基金會 / The application of social capital in work integration social enterprises - children are us foundation

林岱蓉, Lin, Tai Jung Unknown Date (has links)
2012年7月2日「2012社會企業國際論壇」在台灣台北圓滿落幕,會中邀請美國、新加坡和台灣各地產官學的社會企業先進,相互分享、交流,讓金融海嘯和歐債風波衝擊下的低迷經濟,因創新的組織帶起活潑的生氣,全球試圖透過第四部門的變革,以社會企業作為解決社會問題與刺激經濟的手段。 美歐各國的社會企業發展途徑有些許差異,然不脫離各部門之間的資源整合應用,以組織創新的途徑尋求社會公益與經濟效率的雙重實踐。又台灣的社會企業以非營利組織創業為主體,欲從社會經濟的面向,欲彌補第一部門所缺乏的市場機制運作、第二部門可再精進的社會企業責任與第三部門少有的專業經營觀點。其中,社會企業因其提供的服務特殊性與雙重價值,讓組織擁有多元且複雜的利害關係人、社會關係網絡,以及豐富的市場與非市場資源,相較其他部門而言,社會企業擁有社會資本的應用優勢。而台灣的社會企業類型中,又以工作整合型社會企業的案例最多,並可作為政府重要的政策工具,達到社會面的濟弱與經濟面的降低失業率功能。然而,社會資本並非百利而無一害,若過度投資社會資本,也會讓組織產生負面影響。工作整合型社會企業如何妥善應用社會資本以及利用其達到組織目標,在目前的學術研究中,仍屬於一個值得開發與探索的領域。 本研究回顧社會企業與社會資本的美、歐文獻,作為主題探討的背景瞭解,接著,介紹台灣發展最盛行的工作整合型社會企業,以及其與社會資本的相關應用,並以「喜憨兒基金會」作為個案訪談對象,藉由台灣工作整合型社會企業的領頭羊,如何與多元利害關係人互動,建立其社會資本的應用模式,並探討組織歷經「六六事件」後如何作出回應,進一步在變遷的環境中創造新典範轉移,實踐基金會的雙重價值與永續經營發展。 本研究發現,喜憨兒基金會以主要經營社會資本、掌握社會資本特性、創造社會資本對應組織的價值來達到組織的雙重目標。其中,基金會以建利多元利害關係人途徑、發展核心能力以及引進管理體系來經營社會資本,從信任基礎作為社會資本應用的開端,發現社會資本具市場區隔特性,並擁有應用與創造同步的特性。 因此,工作整合型社會企業在達到雙重價值的過程中,係以如何妥善應用社會資本為經營重心,亦即,從利害關係人中獲取資源,移轉成有形的財務資本與無形的資本,並透過不斷尋求創新途徑,平衡在社會使命與市場導向,以建立永續發展。

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