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本文旨在探討現代漢語近義詞「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的異同，透過它們的搭配現象以及語意韻律的表現來進行討論。本文的語料來自「中央研究院漢語平衡語料庫」，根據搭配詞本身與「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的句法及語意關係來做為搭配詞的判斷，接著對於搭配詞的句法行為、語意功能以及框架要素再去做近一步的探討。 「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的前後搭配詞在句法上經常做名詞使用，在語意功能及框架要素方面，「買賣」及「交易」經常呈現交換者(exchanger)以及交換品(theme)兩個要素，「貿易」主要凸顯的是交換者(exchanger)。在語料裡，大部分的框架要素都呈現在前置搭配詞，主要有交換者(exchanger)、交換品(theme)、處所(location)、時間(time)、方式(manner)、頻率(frequency)；後置搭配詞有交換者(exchanger)、交換品(theme)、處所(location)、時間(time)、方式(manner)、頻率(frequency)、組織(organization)、條例(regulation)。在語意韻律方面，「買賣」及「交易」傾向和負面語意的前置搭配詞出現，而「貿易」則是有較多負面的後置搭配詞。透過共現行為及語意韻律的分析，本文系統性地呈現了「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的相似與相異處。 / This thesis explores three near-synonymous transaction words in Mandarin Chinese, maimai, jiaoyi, and maoyi. These three words are defined in a circular manner in the dictionary, and their meanings are not distinguishable. The present study aims to detect the similarities and differences among them via the examination of their collocational behaviors and semantic prosody. The data are extracted from Sinica Corpus, and the left-sided and right-sided collocates based on their syntactic and semantic relation to the node words are identified. Then, the collocated words are discussed in terms of their syntactic behaviors, semantic functions, and frame elements. The collocates of maimai, jiaoyi, and maoyi frequently function as nouns on both sides. The semantic functions and frame elements of both maimai and jiaoyi frequently express exchanger and theme in their instances, while for maoyi, exchanger and manner make up the majority of its frame elements. Most frame elements are profiled in the collocates. On the left side, there are exchanger, theme, location, time, manner and frequency. On the right side, there are exchanger, theme, location, time, manner, frequency, organization, and regulation. As for semantic prosody, most collocates are neutral. The left-sided collocates of maimai and jiaoyi tend to be negative words. Regarding the right-sided collocates, maoyi has more negative collocates than maimai and jiaoyi. With the collocational behaviors and semantic prosody analyzed, the study presents the similarities and differences of the three synonymous words in a systematic way.

語氣詞在華語母語者的對話當中，扮演了重要的角色。而語言因為時間和空間的遷移，也會產生不同的變化。因此本文針對兩個華語使用區域─台灣和馬來西亞的華語語氣詞使用異同。 本文採用情境構擬的方式對30位受試者採集貼近真實的語料。情境構擬實驗以齊滬揚(2002)提出的六大語氣分類為本，加上感嘆、或然及提醒類的情境，設計出九種類型語氣的題目進行實驗。本文更依據情境構擬語料結果中找出台灣地區常用的六種語氣詞，與中央平衡語料庫的語料進行對比，進一步確認語氣詞功能是否一致。 台馬兩地常用的語氣詞，其中相同的語氣詞有：「啊、吧、嗎、了、誒」，台灣獨有的「哦」及馬來西亞常用的「咧」。其中，「了」雖然兩地皆用，但發音不同，台灣發為「lɤ2」，而馬來西亞發為「liau3」。本文找出的常用語氣詞和過去學者統整的有相同和相異之處，判斷原因有三個：一、資料來源不同；二、語言變化(時間和空間的影響)；三、區域性差異。 / Modal particles are very important in Mandarin Chinese. By just adding one modal particle to a sentence, speakers are able to express their various feelings, moods or attitude. Language always changes because of differences in time and space. This study focuses on two areas of Mandarin usage, Taiwan and Malaysia, to discover the differences in use of modal particles between them. In this study, we attained authentic materials by situational conversations with 30 subjects. The situational conversation based on Qi (2002) mentions 6 kinds of traditional modals plus 3 types (sigh, contingent and reminder) which are used to design a modal particle experiment. This study not only focuses on authentic materials, but also uses Sinica Corpus to verify the functions of the modal particles. The common modal particles used in Taiwan and Malaysia are “a, ba, lɤ, e”. One that is only used in Taiwan is “O”, and in Malaysia is “le”. Although these two countries actually use “le”, the pronunciation is different.

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