隨著女性勞動參與率的逐年提高，改變了傳統「男主外，女主內」的性別分工模式，但我國的職場並未調整為對女性-尤其是哺乳期婦女-友善的工作環境。在國際研究發現母乳的好處後，世界各地皆致力於提高哺乳率，我國也自1992年開始推廣母乳哺育計劃，但成效有限，尤其是產假結束後回到職場的哺乳率一直無法與其他國家相比。分析影響哺乳率低落的因素有母親個人因素、就業的關係、家人的支持、政策…等等，而本論文乃研究職業婦女的就業對其哺乳持續的影響。再者，我國的企業規模多屬中小企業，約有七成左右的勞工任職於中小企業，故中小企業的職場環境對女性勞工哺乳的影響更值得我們探討。 本論文之研究方法除採用文獻分析法外，尚利用深度訪談法，透過研究者自身網絡及母乳哺餵相關網站尋找合適的對象予以訪談，冀了解職業婦女在職場哺乳時的經驗及困境。而由本研究調查發現，女性員工不敢在職場光明正大的哺乳，乃因在職場進行哺乳的行為，存有佔用工作時間及影響工作績效等二種迷思；此外，職業婦女面臨幾個困境：哺乳室缺乏的空間問題、企業的競爭壓力導致哺乳時間難求、工作性質與行業別的不利差異、缺乏主管及同事的支持網絡、職場性騷擾及就業歧視情況。其中又以主管/企業主的態度，對職業婦女的持續哺乳佔最重要的影響因素。 我國職業婦女所遇到的哺乳困境，其他國家仍然存在，但不論是國際公約規範對職業婦女的哺乳保障，或是國際母乳哺餵行動聯盟(WABA)皆致力消除職場哺乳的困境，北歐國家施行的延長產後休假期間，或是美國研究的職場哺乳計劃(CLP)，其提高哺乳率成效是有目共賭，因此提供我國政府及企業借鏡，值得我們學習效法。 / In Taiwan, female labour force participates increasingly in great members. Peculiarities of this labour force have to be borne in mind. Until now, pregnancy and lactation have always been regarded as the task of woman, thus all working mothers must often choose between breastfeeding and work. There are 70% of labours working in small and medium enterprises, in which most women working. Therefore, this study focuses on small-to-medium enterprises to see how breastfeeding is regarded and treated. As we know, breastfeeding has been a national major health policy for years in Taiwan. But the breastfeeding rates after maternity leave decline quickly and the rate lagged for behind world standard. This study aims at the conflicts encountered by employed breastfeeding mothers in the workplace. A phenomenological method was conducted. A purposive sample of 12 employed breastfeeding mothers from diverse working places and from various channels were invited to participate in the study. The results of this study are as follows. People have two myths against breastfeeding in the workplace, such as occupied working time and declined working efficiency. And the main conflicts involve lack of lactation space, nursing break hard to find due to heavy work hard, the industry’s character, the rejection from manager or boss, employment discrimination and sexual harassment. The most important obstacle against working mother’s breastfeeding is the attitude of manager or boss. Reflections and policy suggestions are discussed in response to the research results.

本文研究目的是在探討跨國的投資者在面對國際投資日益開放的同時，是否充分的利用國際上的資產市場以分散投資者所面對的風險。本文參考Brandt, Cochrane, and Santa-Clara（2006），建立一種衡量國際間風險分散程度的風險分散指數，並以台灣為本國基準，取台灣前三大貿易夥伴：美國、日本、中國為外國基準，以分析此四國的國際風險分散指數，衡量的標的為各國資產市場中的主要股票交易市場指數報酬率，以分析各國風險分散的情形。此外我們亦嘗試解釋國際間風險分散的情形並解釋我們所計算出的結果，並進行一些模型參數的演算，以分析在面對其他總體變化時將會遇到的情形。經由本文的實證研究發現，對於台灣而言，在國際間的風險分散程度是偏高的，亦即，面對此四國的資產市場，台灣投資者的投資配置符合風險分散的趨勢，當匯率波動愈小時，國際風險分散程度亦將愈高，大致上與Brandt et al.(2006)之以美國為本國基準所得之國際風險分散程度結果相似。 / This thesis tries to discuss if risks are shared internationally by the international asset markets. This study refers to the Brandt, Cochrane, and Santa-Clara (2006) which built an international risk sharing index to measure the degree of international risk sharing. We set up a international risk sharing indices between Taiwan and its important trading partners, US, Japan and China by the asset returns composed by the main stock indices in each country. Furthermore, we try to explain the empirical results and to show how the degree of international risk sharing will different with the changes of the macro-variables. Our empirical analyses find that the degree of the international risk sharing for Taiwan using asset-based method is better than we think. In addition, the empirical results of this thesis are similar to Brandt et al. (2006) that if the volatility of exchange rates declines, the degree of the international risk sharing will be better.

本研究採用問卷調查法探討網路色情是否會影響青少年對強暴迷思的接受程度，以及對強暴被害人與強暴犯的態度，共訪問1,688位高中學生。 研究結果發現，網路色情的收視頻率，是預測青少年對強暴迷思的接受程度、認為強暴被害人的受傷程度和對強暴犯判刑的顯著變項，愈常收看網路色情的青少年，其接受強暴迷思的程度愈高，且愈傾向認為強暴被害人並未受到很大的傷害，並認為對強暴犯的判刑不需太重。 / This study examines the effects of Internet pornography on adolescents’ acceptance of rape myths, and their attitude towards rape victims and rapists. Data used for this study came from a survey of 1,668 high school students in Taipei, Taiwan. Results of the study show that exposure to Internet pornography were significantly related to increased acceptance of rape myths, decreased perception of rape victim sufferings, and reduced recommended prison terms to rapists.

社交網站Facebook鼓勵使用者將真實世界中的人際關係串連至線上空間，與各種親疏遠近的朋友進行互動與維持情感交流。隨著社交規模與範圍的擴大，Facebook使用者需要透過規格化或公式化的互動，確保人際網絡的穩定交流。這些行為經過反覆實踐，發展為社交互動儀式。然而，互動行為本身卻與社交初衷逐漸背離。因此，本研究關注的正是Facebook上的互動儀式鏈如何呈現，以及使用者社交行為與意義之間產生落差，導致「行禮如儀」的原因。 本研究以社會學者Goffman（1955）互動儀式與Collins（2004）互動儀式鏈的理論為基礎，探討Facebook的網路中介儀式形成的契機與淪於形式的可能。研究方法方面，本研究選出四則關鍵個案，先以內容分析檢視互動儀式鏈中各項元素的組成；再從個案中選取具代表性的當事人與參與者進行深度訪談，進一步探究實踐互動儀式的原因、時機與對象等細節，並檢視互動儀式過程與結果。 研究結果顯示，雖然社交訊息事件都有機會發展為完整的互動儀式鏈，不過訊息事件的類型差異會影響互動儀式鏈的參與形式。此外，研究發現乍看毫無意義的網路互動行為（尤指按讚）並非如過往研究提到的扁平單一，甚至略帶貶意。這些互動其實乘載多重含意，例如：避免表錯情的慰問、掩飾內心掙扎的祝福、欲辯忘言的關注、對多義訊息的部分贊同等。每當使用者內心與行動不一致或脫鉤時，這些行為便成為每一次的緩衝，調解了「口不對心」的矛盾。 上述貌似「行禮如儀」的社交互動行為隨著訊息事件的種類而變化，行動意涵亦不停流動、轉變，逐漸成為眾人心照不宣的隱藏邏輯，內化成為使用者的行動策略。成為具有「僵固的儀式形式，多元流動的儀式意義」的互動行為，亦可作為網路世代專屬的行動符號。 / Social network sites, such as Facebook, enable users to interact with friends and maintain their relationship. The growing scope and scale of social network require users to cope with huge numbers of friends in formulated and standardized ways. These formulated actions practiced repeatedly on Facebook have become ritualized and thus shape the particular cultural landscape. However, these interaction actions gradually become alienated from original social intents. Facebook users tend to push “Like” bottom whenever they read friends’ news updates, but they just go through the motion without any meaning. This particular research applies sociologist Goffman’s interaction ritual theory and Collin’s interaction ritual chain theory to the context of Facebook behavior. The researcher attempts to answer 2 questions: 1. What a complete social interaction ritual chain would be like on Facebook? And what are its ritual ingredients and outcomes? 2. Does social interaction behavior mismatch its social intent? If the gap exists, why does it happen? This research collects data from researcher’s 750 friends’ information in time frame from March 2013 to April 2013. Four Facebook events are chosen as critical cases. Content analysis and deep interview are employed to discover the ingredients, process and outcomes of interaction ritual chains and every detail on Facebook. The result indicates it’s highly possible that every social information event would develop a complete interaction ritual chain. But the difference of event characters may have impacts on people’s forms of participation. Secondly, Facebook users often depreciate the meaning of “Like”, however “Like” turns out to show multiple meanings. Whenever Facebook users’ physical action couldn’t match attempts, “Like” would serve as the buffer solving the inconsistency. Finally, pushing “Like” bottom becomes “formulated but with multiple meanings”, and it also becomes exclusive action symbol of Facebook generation.

在研究方法部分，首先，本文針對國內現有之文獻加以蒐集，包括相關之教科書、專書、期刊雜誌相關文章、論文，以及一些具代表性的重要外國文獻，目的在整理及分析有關家庭暴力防治法基礎理論之問題，例如為何會有此法的形成、此法的架構及爭議問題何在等等，並進而提出本文之看法。 再者，執行家庭暴力防治法的實務運作機關，最主要為警察機關、社政單位、以及法院。這三個機關間的工作配搭，是否天衣無縫，抑或尚有需改進之處，都是本文中欲探討的對象。筆者並將以能力內所能取得的警察機關筆錄、法院判決書、社工人員意見為資料，一一探討這些實務機關對家暴案件的處理態度，是否切合當事人需要，這些執行人員的性別意識為何、是否有性別偏見，執行人員的性別意識對家暴案件之處理有何影響。至於家暴案件中雙方當事人的觀點，例如受虐者所需救援措施、加害人的處遇計畫，也將藉由理論與實務的文獻資料予以探討。

當身處一個競爭激烈的行業，企業想要保持發展，就必須與時俱進，積極創新。但企業應該從哪裡找到創新的機會？除了技術和產品之創新，越來越多企業開始關注商業模式的創新。過去，對商業模式創新的討論大部分集中在企業的內部系統活動改造，或是期待從開放創新中尋找機會。本研究嘗試把商業模式理解為一種敵我對應關係，從主流企業與後進者的攻防戰中理解創新的調適過程。通過分析「非主流」的後進者如何回應主流設計，並由主流企業之迷思理解後進者如何找出商業模式創新的可能。本研究發現，商業模式創新的本質是動態的，而其過程是調適的。後進者可以由主流企業建構商業模式之迷思中，找到自身商業模式創新的諸多樣貌與調適的巧思。 / In an industry that faces intensified competitions, firms need innovate constantly and timely so as to maintain steady growth. But where could firms identify opportunities for innovation? In addition to the innovation of technologies and products, more and more firms pay attention to business model innovation. Previously, our understanding of business model innovation is limited to firms’ business activity systems, or to seek opportunities from open innovation. This thesis attempts to consider the business model as a kind of responsive process between rivals; and to analyze the adaptation of business model within the defensive process between the mainstream firms and the second mover. By analyzing how the non-mainstream player may respond to the evolving dominant design, it is posisble to recognize the myths of the development of mainstream business models. This research suggests that business model innovations are dynamic in their nature and adaptive in their developmental process. The second mover could identify various patterns of new business models and conceive creative adaptation from the mainstream firms’ myths in building their own business models.

由於許多企業對於LINE在號召年輕族群的能力寄與厚望，為了釐清目前企業對於評估LINE與操作LINE的策略是否合乎年輕族群的需求，本研究將聚焦於討論最早採用LINE的企業期待透過LINE進行品牌年輕化的歷程，以企業的實戰經驗切入，剖析早期採用LINE的企業進行品牌年輕化歷程與操作策略，同時透過釐清年輕族群對於使用LINE的經驗與需求兩相對照，試圖釐清目前企業使用LINE進行品牌年輕化的做法是否正確？是否有迷思存在的可能性？若因迷思存在而造成經營策略上的偏差，企業未來該如何修正與優化？ 由於意會本質上是人們對事務的主觀認知，並且是一個持續性的流程，是一種複雜且動態的觀念，因此將採用深度訪談法針對企業的相關部門成員進行歷程的研究。為呈現企業內部與外在社會環境相關的完整脈絡，本研究也會輔以消費者訪談、文獻資料法與二手資料法作為資訊搜集與驗證成效的方式。研究結果發現，個案對於透過LINE推動品牌年輕化的歷程上，確實存有許多囿於過往經驗或組織文化所形成的主觀認知，導致其對於新科技的理解與其目標族群的需求有所落差。研究結果也顯示，LINE確實能為企業接觸到年輕族群，但需要提供他們所需要的服務和資訊，才能爭取他們對品牌的認同和好感，同時與年輕族群的互動形式，相較於過往的單向式傳播，也必須因應LINE的科技特質有所調整。 / As many enterprises place great expectations in LINE’s ability to call out the youth, in order to find out whether the enterprises’ strategies in assessment and operation on LINE meeting the demand of the youth, this research looks into the experience of the first runner enterprises that promote brand rejuvenation with LINE. By introducing the real-world experience of the enterprise, this research analyzes the journey and operation strategies of rejuvenating brands by using LINE in early years. Meanwhile, by comparing the experiences and demand of using LINE among the youth, this research aims at whether the methods of rejuvenating brands by using LINE are satisfying. Does the myth really exist? If the myth does exist and bring diversified business strategies, how can the enterprises revise and improve their strategies in the future? Since sense making is people’s subjective perception of affairs by nature and it is both a persistent process and a complicated and dynamic concept, this research focuses on the experience from members of relevant departments of the enterprise by in-depth interview. To present the context of the internal and external environment of the enterprise, this research also utilizes consumer interview, documents, and literature as the main data sourses and effectiveness verification. The research results show that cases do have many subject perceptions generated from previous confined experience or organizational culture in the course of LINE’s promotion of brand rejuvenation, which gives rise to difference between the understanding of new technology and the demand of target groups. The research results also show that LINE really enables the enterprise to access to the young people, but provision of their necessary service and information is required to get their recognition and good impression of the brand. Meanwhile, the means of interaction with the youth must be adjusted according to LINE’s technological nature comparing with previous single-direction dissemination.

1995年網際網路正式成為台灣社會的消費產品，以往則是侷限於學術領域的非營利使用；1996年以後，科技官僚與通訊和資訊業者履稱網際網路已成為「全民運動」。本研究的主題即分析網際網路作為一項新事物，諸種政治與經濟力量如何塑造其於台灣社會的發展過程。首先探討發展現況，指出網際網路因循傳播資源分配的不平等現象，而且國家機器、通訊和資訊業資本連袂將公眾變賣為消費者。其次爬梳網際網路在台灣的變遷歷程，由於1970年代國家機器訂定資訊工業為策略工業，鋪造未來發展網際網路所需要的技術條件，以及國家機器主導科技政策協助經濟發展的局面；時至1996年，網際網路被國家機器扶為國家資訊通信基本建設（NII）的主軸，用以謀求經濟的進一步發展。在這期間國家機器不斷製造的高科技意識型態，經由重視通訊和資訊業廣告預算的傳播媒體再生產與銷售「全民運動」的假象與迷思。

本論文包含台灣壽險業資產配置國際化及匯率避險兩個主題。首先，探討台灣壽險業積極向主管機關申請核准提高國外資產配置比率，與美國投資人偏好投資自己國家資產不一致的現象，是台灣壽險業資產配置不得不的策略，或是國際化的迷思? 以25家壽險公司2004 年至2008年財務資料實證結果發現，國外資產納入投資組合對壽險業投資績效有利。如果將樣本公司依據所有權區分為本資公司與外資公司，資料顯示，本資公司國際資產配置較為積極，惟其報酬績效與外資公司差異並不顯著。研究亦發現，2008年美國次貸風暴顯著負向影響台灣壽險公司國外投資報酬，即提高國外資產配置雖可提高報酬，惟匯率風險、信用風險及系統風險暴露亦相對提高，建議壽險公司於追球較高報酬同時，應同時加強風險管理。另實證亦發現，資產規模愈大公司之投資報酬率相對較遜，建議於追求保費市占率成長時，應重視投資報酬績效的實質提升。 第二部分探討2004年至 2008年台灣壽險業國外投資匯率風險管理策略對投資績效影響。以整體產業觀察，匯率避險對投資報酬率有正面效果；本資公司避險策略相較外資公司積極，報酬率亦相對較優；股票上市公司有財報揭露股價波動之壓力，經理人有較強誘因採取避險策略，投資報酬率相較優於股票未上市公司，惟差異並不顯著。實證結果支持Glen and Jorion (1993) and Campbell et al. (2010)避險可以降低匯率風險提升投資報酬績效之研究結論，2006年實施之34號會計公報，顯著影響本資公司與上市公司之避險行為。 / In this study, we study two essays on international asset allocation and the currency hedging problem for Taiwan life insurer industry. In the first essay, we investigate the high percentage of foreign investments placed by Taiwan life insurers and how this phenomenon is at odds with the bias for investing at home common among American investors. The holdings of 25 Taiwan life insurance companies, between the years 2004 and 2008, are scrutinized with a view towards evaluating home bias and its financial impact. We find that foreign investment has proven profitable for the life insurance industry. However, if the life insurance industry is divided into two categories according to its ownership structure, i.e., domestic-owned and foreign-owned companies, and that while the performance of investments made by domestic-owned life insurers differs from that of foreign-owned life insurers, the difference is insignificant. We also found that global financial turmoil in 2008 had a massively negative impact on the foreign investments of Taiwan life insurance companies and firm size and return on investment is negative correlated, suggesting that life insurers should focus on enhancing investment performance and risk management. In the second essay, we examine the currency hedging strategy and its impact on the performance of Taiwan life insurance industry investments from 2004 to 2008. We find that currency hedging strategies have yielded positive results, overall, for the industry. However, if the life insurance industry is divided into two categories according to its ownership structure, i.e., domestic-owned and foreign-owned companies, the results show that the currency hedging strategies employed by the domestic-owned companies enjoy advantages over those of foreign-owned firms. If the sample is further divided into those publicly listed on the TAIEX and others, our results show that a hedging strategy has positive effects on listed company. Our findings support the work in Glen and Jorion (1993) and Campbell et al. (2010), which reveal that hedging strategies improve foreign investment returns and can reduce currency risks in comparison to non-hedging strategies. Our empirical results indicate that SFAS No. 34 has a significant effect on currency hedging behavior among domestically owned and listed companies.

本研究建構一社會網路互動下的新凱因斯動態隨機一般均衡模型，探討效用基礎下波茲曼分配背後的網路結構，以及，社會網路對新凱因斯動態隨機一般均衡模型參數的影響。根據本論文模擬結果，效用基礎下波茲曼分配背後所隱含的社會網路結構呈現局部區域性連結拓璞，此結論與熱力學對波茲曼分配中粒子互動方式的假設相同，然而，區域性連結之網路結構（如環狀網）並非目前實證研究所觀察到的網路型態（如冪分布網路或高群集係數之小世界網路），故吾人是否得以直接利用效用基礎下波茲曼分配來描述社會上人與人之間的互動現象必需更忱慎考量之。另外，社會網路互動也將使新凱因斯動態隨機一般均衡模型之參數估計產生偏誤，依本研究估計結果觀之，只要加入社會互動，總合需求曲線中實質利率之參數估計將為正號，即實質利率對產出缺口的影響為負向影響，也就是文獻上的投資儲蓄迷思(IS puzzle)，若進一步觀察社會網路結構對該實證迷思的影響則可發現當社會網路群聚程度越高時，該估計偏誤將越嚴重。 / We construct a social network-based New Keynesian DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) Model to investigate the underlying social network structure derived from the performance-based Boltzmann-Gibbs model, and thus interpret the process that social network structures affect the estimation bias in the New Keynesian DSGE framework. According to our simulation results, the underlying social network structure derived from the performance-based Boltzmann-Gibbs model should be local. This finding is consistent with the study of thermodynamics, which the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution is based upon, i.e. the local interaction. However, it contradicts not only the purpose of combining the performance-based Boltzmann-Gibbs machine and New Keynesian DSGE model, but also empirical studies of social network structures in the real world. Accordingly, maybe we have to consider further whether the performance-based Boltzmann-Gibbs machine is a suitable tool for calibrating social interaction under the stylized New Keynesian DSGE framework. Furthermore, if we embedded interaction behavior in the stylized New Keynesian model, the so-called “IS Puzzle” can be consequently observed. We also realized that “IS Puzzle” is connected with network structures. The more clustering the network structure is, the more significant “IS Puzzle” would be.