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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

由市場的選擇權價格還原風險中立機率分布

張瓊方, Chang, Chiung-Fang Unknown Date (has links)
本論文提出線性規劃的方法以還原隱藏於選擇權市場價格中的風險中立機率測度,並利用該機率測度計算選擇權的合理價格。模型中假設選擇權對應同一標的資產與到期日,資產價格於到期日的狀態為離散點且個數有限,當市場不具任何套利機會時,以極小化市場價格與合理價格之離差總和作為挑選風險中立機率測度的準則。最後,以臺指選擇權(TXO)的交易資料做為實證對象。實證中發現,加入平滑限制式與離差權重之線性規劃模型在評價歐式選擇權合理價格的效能最為優異。 / The thesis proposes a liner programming to recover the risk-neutral probability distribution of an underlying asset price from its associated market option prices, and we evaluate the fair prices of options via the resulting risk-neutral probability distribution. Assume that we face a series of European options with different exercise prices on the same maturity and underlying asset in this linear programming model. The criterion of choosing a risk-neutral probability distribution is minimizing the sum of total deviations subject to requiring that the fair prices of options are consistent with observed market option prices. Finally, we take the trading data of TXO as an empirical study. The empirical study indicates that the model with smooth constraints and weighted deviations has the best performance in pricing the rational price of European options.
142

資訊與金融市場論文兩篇 / Two essays on information and financial markets

劉文謙, Liu, Wen Chien Unknown Date (has links)
【第一篇論文中文摘要】 本文檢測公司負債合約中的利差是否可被最終的違約後償還率所解釋。透過1962年至2007年間在美國金融市場上發行但最後卻違約的負債合約資料來進行實證,發現違約後償還率的確有反映在發行時的利差上,且此關聯性會隨著美國開放商業銀行進行證券承銷業務後隨之更加顯著。我們並且進一步發現此償還率的資訊能更加有效反映原因與發行公司的資訊不對稱程度降低有關。此外,我們同時又發現此負債合約中的利差與違約後償還率的關聯性對於公司治理較差、以及非投資等級的發行公司會更為顯著。最後,我們的實證結果在考量內生問題、潛在可能遺漏解釋變數、以及其他模型設定後,仍同樣具有堅實性。 【第二篇論文中文摘要】 本文使用臺指選擇權的日內資料來探討選擇權提前交易期間是否具有資訊內涵與價格發現的功能。就作者所知,我們是第一篇透過選擇權資料探討提前交易期間資訊內涵的研究。首先,我們分別透過價、量、與高階動差三類資訊變數指標來衡量提前交易期間的資訊內涵。實證結果顯示:選擇權提前交易期間不只能有效反映隔夜資訊 (公開資訊),且具有預測當日現貨指數開盤後5分鐘內股價指數移動的能力 (反應私有資訊),說明提前交易期間的確具有資訊內涵與價格發現的功能。此外,我們進一步發現價平選擇權包含最強的資訊內涵,此應與投資人尋求交易流動性最高的價平選擇權來迅速實現其利潤以反映其資訊有關。最後,本研究亦發現前一日海外市場 (美國) 投資人情緒傳染效果的強度會影響提前交易期間選擇權的資訊內涵,而前一日是否交易 (週末效果與假日效果)則不會影響此資訊內涵。 / 【第一篇論文英文摘要】 We investigate whether the spread of corporate debt contacts can be explained by their ultimate recovery rates. Using the actual realized recovery rates of defaulted debt instruments issued in the U.S. from 1962 to 2007, we find that recovery rate is reflected in the spread at issuance, and that this relationship has become more significant since commercial banks were allowed to underwrite corporate securities. Our further investigation indicates that the enhanced informativeness of recovery rate can be attributed to the lowering of information asymmetry of individual firms. Besides, the relation between the spread at issuance and the recovery rate is stronger for weak corporate governance and non-investment grade issuers. Our conclusions are found to be robust to endogeneity issues, potentially omitted variables and alternative model specifications. 【第二篇論文英文摘要】 This study uses tick-by-tick data to examine the information content and price discovery of TAIEX option trading during the pre-opening period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on the options market. We construct three groups of information variables to measure the information content of the pre-opening period, including the price, volume, and high moment information variables. We find that option trading during the pre-opening period not only can reflect the overnight information (public information) but also predict the 5-minute intraday returns after the opening of spot market (private information), showing the information content and price discovery of option trading during the pre-opening period. We also find that at-the-money options contain the strongest richness of information content, which may result from its highest liquidity. Finally, we also find that the empirical results would be stronger depending on the intensity of investor sentiment from overseas (U.S. market) of last day but not the length of hours without trading (weekend and holiday effect).
143

GARCH-Lévy匯率選擇權評價模型 與實證分析 / Pricing Model and Empirical Analysis of Currency Option under GARCH-Lévy processes

朱苡榕, Zhu, Yi Rong Unknown Date (has links)
本研究利用GARCH動態過程的優點捕捉匯率報酬率之異質變異與波動度叢聚性質,並以GARCH動態過程為基礎,考慮跳躍風險服從Lévy過程,再利用特徵函數與快速傅立葉轉換方法推導出GARCH-Lévy動態過程下的歐式匯率選擇權解析解。以日圓兌換美元(JPY/USD)之歐式匯率選擇權為實證資料,比較基準GARCH選擇權評價模型與GARCH-Lévy選擇權評價模型對市場真實價格的配適效果與預測能力。實證結果顯示,考慮跳躍風險為無限活躍之Lévy過程,即GARCH-VG與GARCH-NIG匯率選擇權評價模型,不論是樣本內的評價誤差或是在樣本外的避險誤差皆勝於考慮跳躍風險為有限活躍Lévy過程的GARCH-MJ匯率選擇權評價模型。整體而言,本研究發現進行匯率選擇權之評價時,GARCH-NIG匯率選擇權評價模型有較小的樣本內及樣本外評價誤差。 / In this thesis, we make use of GARCH dynamic to capture volatility clustering and heteroskedasticity in exchange rate. We consider a jump risk which follows Lévy process based on GARCH model. Furthermore, we use characteristic function and fast fourier transform to derive the currency option pricing formula under GARCH-Lévy process. We collect the JPY/USD exchange rate data for our empirical analysis and then compare the goodness of fit and prediction performance between GARCH benchmark and GARCH-Lévy currency option pricing model. The empirical results show that either in-sample pricing error or out-of-sample hedging performance, the infinite-activity Lévy process, GARCH-VG and GARCH-NIG option pricing model is better than finite-activity Lévy process, GARCH-MJ option pricing model. Overall, we find using GARCH-NIG currency option pricing model can achieve the lower in-sample and out-of sample pricing error.
144

台灣壽險業投資外幣計價國際債券之風險評估 / Risk Assessment of International Bond Investment in Taiwan Life Insurance Industry

吳倬瑋, Wu, Juo Wei Unknown Date (has links)
2014年保險法第146條之4修正,增列保險業依保險法規定投資於國內證券市場上市或上櫃買賣之外幣計價股權或債券憑證之投資金額,可不計入其國外投資限額。本研究探討台灣壽險業投資外幣計價國際債券不納入國外投資限額對於台幣公債市場籌資之影響,並分析壽險業投資國際債券之贖回風險。 主要研究結果發現:(1)開放投資國際債券後,壽險業資金運用增加國外投資,但減持公債及國庫券。依據統計分析,顯示壽險業資金運用於國外投資佔比大幅增加時,除專案運用及公共投資外,其餘項目之佔比皆減少。其中台灣公債及國庫券佔比與國外投資佔比呈高度負相關。(2)壽險業對公債需求程度影響國庫籌資之成本,需求程度越低,國庫長天期籌資成本越高。透過複迴歸模型分析發現,壽險持券比(即壽險業持有公債餘額佔公債未償還餘額比例)越低,30年期公債殖利率越高。 透過本文模型,投資國際債券時,應考量可贖回國際債券相對公債之加碼、閉鎖期、國際債券再度發行之可能性與未來市場利率可能走低之幅度。以投資30年期債券為例,當可贖回國際債券相對公債之加碼減少,閉鎖期縮短,利率走跌幅度增加時,贖回風險將增加。因可贖回國際債券之高利率僅為收益率錯覺,利率走低時之贖回風險將抵銷此高利率。依據2014年至2016年債券市場資訊,本文模型評估投資人提前贖回風險為52.45bps。 / The 2014 amendment of Article 146-4 of Insurance Act extending the overseas investment ceiling to the value for foreign currency denominated listed or over-the-counter certificates of domestic stocks or bonds that are invested in by insurance enterprises in accordance with provisions of Insurance Act. This paper investigates the impact of funding in Taiwan government bond market under the overseas investment ceiling with the exclusion of international bonds investment in Taiwan life insurance industry, and analyzes the call risk of international bonds. The main results show that: (1)After the 2014 amendment of Article 146-4 of Insurance Act, foreign investments are increasing, while government bonds holdings are decreasing in investment portfolio of life insurance industry. Based on statistical analysis, as the ratio of foreign investments surging, only the ratio of authorized projects or public investment is increasing, others are falling. Especially, the ratio of government bonds and that of foreign investment are strongly negative correlation. (2) Demand of government bond of life insurance industry has impact on the funding cost of Taiwan government. The lower the demand, the higher the funding cost. Through multiple regression model, the result shows, the lower the bond holding ratio of life insurance industry, the higher the yield of Taiwan 30-year government bonds. According to the model in this paper, spread between callable international bond and government bond, lock-up period, the probability of re-issuance in international bond market, and the downtrend of interest rate should be all considered when investing in international bonds. The high yield of callable international bond is yield illusion to investors,since is largely offset by call risk. According to the model with bond market data between 2014 to 2016, the assessment of call risk is 52.45bps.
145

隨機利率下,跨通貨投資組合選擇權之定價與避險策略 / Pricing and Hedging Cross-Currency Portfolio Option with Stochastic Interest Rates

王祥安, Wang , Hsiang-An Unknown Date (has links)
在WTO成立,各國國際化程度日益提高的同時,企業與個人進行跨國投資的情形也愈來愈普遍,跨國投資除了要考慮標的資產之報酬與波動性之外,尚須考量匯率變動所產生之風險與不確定性。當某一國外資產具有正向預期報酬率的同時,實現後的報酬率卻又不一定為正,正是因為匯率波動所產生的影響。又,傳統財務理論告訴我們,藉由增加投資組合中所有非完全正相關的資產個數可以有效的降低投資組合的非系統風險,因此投資人在進行投資時往往採用建構投資組合的方式取代持有少數資產的型態。然而,在建構跨通貨避險投資組合時,若是對於投資組合中的各項資產與外幣分別進行避險(分別利用衍生性商品避險),往往是費時、費力又不具有效率。因此,對於整個投資組合進行避險反而是一個比較好的方法,當投資組合價值發生變動時,可以即時對於各項資產部位與外幣分別做調整,遠較於對個別資產進行避險來的方便、快速且有效。 / In most cases, investment is made of building a portfolio rather than single asset. Therefore, it is necessary to develop techniques of valuing portfolio derivatives. Moreover, we consider a cross-currency portfolio that account for currency and interest rate risk. As interest rate is stochastic, we use Heath-Jarrow Morton (HJM) Approach to describe its dynamics. Applying Vorst (1992); Geman, Karoui and Rochet(1995), we derive the approximated close-form of the cross-currency portfolio option. In HJM Approach, it is difficult to acquire hedge ratios of options. We apply another method to build a hedging portfolio. Then, we perform numerical simulations to test its hedging efficiency and sensitivity with respect to different variables.
146

平均式保本票券之設計與分析

周培如 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著結構型商品市場日漸成熟、競爭增加,面對投資人多樣化的報酬需求,發行商必須迎合不同投資人、設計出不同報酬型態的商品,以吸引其來投資所發行的結構型商品,並從中獲取合理利潤。 作為一個發行機構,除了銷售外,更應著重於商品的分析、訂價及避險。因此,本篇論文選定兩個有平均式條款的股權連結型保本商品:「雙元高益債券」與「大展鴻圖保本型商品」為例來作分析。首先詳細介紹商品特性,這兩者皆是看多的保本商品,為買權加上債券的組合,而由於這兩個商品內含選擇權的設計,前者是回顧最高指數的平均,後者是多資產中後段報酬的平均,皆無法推導出公式解,所以使用蒙地卡羅模擬來加以評價及作後續分析,並討論其可能避險方法,最後在結論部分針對兩個商品之設計提出建議。
147

多資產結構型商品之評價與避險--利用Quasi-Monte Carlo模擬法

粘哲偉 Unknown Date (has links)
結構型商品,這種風險介於固定收益證券和股票之間的產品,甫上市以來,便廣受投資人的青睞,不僅提供保障本金的需求,更賦予參與股市上漲的獲利。且自從2004年之後,隨著目前景氣逐步回升,股票市場也預期會跟著上揚,於是連結股權的結構型商品也不斷地被推出,而其所隱含選擇權逐漸以連動多資產和具有新奇路徑相依條款為主,而使得在評價上,我們所面對的是高維度的問題,一般在處理高維度問題上,皆以傳統蒙地卡羅模擬法來因應。但因其緩慢的收斂速度,成為應用上的最大缺點,而且在處理高維度問題上所需耗費的模擬時間更為顯著。 本論文主要貢獻可分為兩點:第一,在應用準蒙地卡羅法來對多資產結構型商品評價,並採用Silva(2003)和Acworth, Broadie, and Glasserman(1998)的方法,來對準蒙地卡羅法作改善,並利用二檔市面上存在的結構型商品---高收益鎖定型連動債券和優選鎖定連動債券進行評價,結果發現改善後的準地卡羅法,其評價效率高於蒙地卡羅法和反向變異蒙地卡羅法。第二,本文還對高收益鎖定型連動債券提出delta避險策略,透過先計算選擇權對報酬率的delta,再轉換為所需持有股票的部位,最後發現所建立的避險組合能夠完全支應每年到期時所應付給投資人的債息,以及在避險時所需借款的部份,表示此一策略應為可行的避險策略,可供券商作避險上的參考。
148

台灣集中交易市場個股型認購權證時間價值衰退現象探討 / Time value of Covered Warrants in Taiwan Stock Market

林宣君, Lin, Hsuan-chun Unknown Date (has links)
認購權證已在台灣發行與交易已接近七年的歷史,提供了更多套利、投機與避險交易的機會給市場參與者,也同時增加資本市場之完整性。而由於認購權證提供持有者在一段期間內依照特定價格購買特定數量標的股票之權利,投資人可以根據其意願與看法於到期日前來決定是否進行履約。而權證投資人購買權證之權利金即是包含內含價值與投資人願意支付的時間價值兩部分。時間價值的多寡反應出投資人對於未來權證履約價格是否可以無限增加的看法。而在其他條件不變之下,距到期時間越久之權證的價值應是越高。不過,是否時間越接近到期日時,投資人對於時間價值的看法就會呈現單純線性下降的狀態,還是另外有其他的資訊內涵會影響投資人對於價值的看法,即為本研究所欲探討之主題。 本研究針對台灣市場中個股型認購權證不同時點之時間價值變化程度,與可能影響時間價值變化的因素進行分析,其研究結果如下: 1.研究樣本並非完全符合越接近到期日時間價值減少的現象越明顯的狀態,顯示時間價值的變化隱含著會有其他之因素影響投資願意支付金額的多寡。且部分權證的確曾發生短期內時間價值大幅衰減的現象。 2.權證之價內外程度、距到期日之遠近、相對交易量的多寡與標的股票是否為電子業,對時間價值減少均有顯著的影響。另外,距到期日之天數、權證相對成交量、標的股票所屬產業與市場是否處於多頭與否均顯著影響短期內發生時間價值大幅衰退之現象。 3.本研究發現目前無法利用權證發行條件的差異,來判斷此權證是否會在存續期間當中發生時間價值急速衰退的現象。 / Warrants has been traded in Taiwan for seven years, and provides more opportunities for participants to arbitrage, hedge and speculate in capital market. Warrant gives holders the right to buy stocks at certain price during a period of time. The premium (price) to long warrants is contained intrinsic value and time value. Other things being equal, the longer the time to expiration day, the higher the value of warrants, since there is larger probability for investors to get more return. However, would any other terms expect time to expiration affect the variations of time value, or if we can find some variables could provide other content of information and result the change of time value. This is what the study focus on. Followings are the results of this study: 1. There are not all thetas of warrants in this sample decreasing simply by the time to expiration. It seems to be other variables would cause the change of theta. Besides, some warrants had serious time-decay in a short period of time. 2. Intrinsic value, time to expiration, trading volume, whether underlying stock in electronic industry or not and the market condition all have obvious effects on decrease of time value and serious time-decay. 3. It is still impossible to use issue information to identify if this warrant will have time-decay in its life.
149

我國金融機構辦理智慧財產權融資之現況與未來發展方向

劉懷德, LIU,HUAI-TE Unknown Date (has links)
值此知識經濟時代,土地建物、自然資源、機器設備等有形資產的重要性已大不如前,而電腦、通信、生化等知識(智慧財產權)的價值則持續增加,許多擁有知識的大企業以全球為市場,所創造的財富大過許多國家,知識不只是力量,更是財富。1982年美國S&P 500大企業的總市值中無形資產佔38%,2002年已躍升為87%,即是明證,美國如此,台灣亦然,因此,智慧財產權融資應當是我國銀行可以開拓的業務之一。 本研究從實務觀點深入瞭解我國金融機構辦理智財權融資的現況與政府相關政策,同時借鏡美國、日本與韓國的作法與許多實際案例,先找出我國金融機構辦理智財權融資所遭遇的問題與挑戰,然後探討未來我國金融機構辦理智財權融資業務與政府建立智財權融資體系的方向,期能對於推動處在發展初期的智財權融資業務有些許助益。經由分析比較,本研究獲致以下結論: 一、智慧財產(無形資產)之重要性與日俱增,其價值早已不下於有形資 產,銀行應正視此一趨勢,於授信、投資、風險管理等多方面有所因應。 二、智財權必須商業化,必須結合營運,才能發揮價值,使其價值極大 化。 三、智財權融資是企業發展與產業升級所需要的資金來源之一。 四、智財權融資業務有商機,但風險仍不容輕忽。 五、健全的智財權融資體系不能只有金融機構,還需要智財權鑑價機構、智財權交易市場等環節。 並提出以下建議: 一、銀行應積極地為智財權融資業務做準備。 二、銀行不宜因智財權融資體系不成熟,而過度排斥智財權融資業務。 三、政府宜適度增加對若干智財權融資的補助。 四、政府宜以公權力協助建立具公信力的智財權鑑價機構與智財權管理機構。 五、政府可考慮開放創投公司或財務公司承做智財權融資。 六、智慧財產權證券化為智財權融資的重要項目與發展趨勢,政府應預做準備。
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同調風險測量值在保證給付投資型保險準備金提存之應用

鄭宇宏 Unknown Date (has links)
Artzner等學者在1999年提出風險測量值應具備同調(coherent)性質,然而,涉險值並未能完全符合。本文針對Wirch & Hardy(1999)提出滿足Artzner et al.(1999)所定義同調性質之風險量化指標如條件尾端期望值(Conditional Tail Expectation;又稱尾端涉險值,Tail-VaR)以及危險比例(proportional hazards;PH)、雙重次方(dual power;DP)變形函數(distortion function)等風險衡量方法作探討,參考MGWP(1980)、Boyle & Hardy(1997)、Hardy(2000)、Yang(2001)、Wilkie & Waters & Yang(2003)對於附保證給付之投資連結型保險契約提存準備金的方法,將其應用到保險公司所發行的附保證給付之風險量化上,同時比較其與涉險值之差異。其中之數值分析將以附最低死亡保證給付(Guarantee Minimum Death Benefit)之變額年金,以及附保證年金選擇權(Guaranteed Annuity Options)之單位連結(Unit-linked)保險商品作為範例,分別以台灣、英國兩地的投資環境為背景,檢視其附保證給付之投資型保單可能面臨的風險暴露,提供保險公司作為提存投資型商品保證給付部分之責任準備金參考。 / In this paper we introduce the properties of a coherent risk measure(Artzner et al(1999)). The risk measure of Value at Risk that does not adhere to the consistency requirements is discussed. We consider the coherent risk measures of conditional tail expectation(also known as Tail-VaR), proportional hazards and dual power distortion functions outlined by Wirch and Hardy(1999). MGWP(1980),Boyle and Hardy(1997),Hardy(2000),Yang(2001),Wilkie, Waters and Yang(2003)use VaR and the latter two papers also apply conditional tail expectation to reserve for investment-linked contracts with guaranteed risk. Instead, we apply the coherent measures to reserve two different types of guarantee:guarantee minimum death benefit and guaranteed annuity options attached to variable annuity contracts and unit-linked contracts separately. In addition, the comparison of the numerical results for VaR risk measure and coherent risk measure are analyzed.

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