本研究旨在分析現行在台灣較為普遍使用的二種英文教科書—遠東版及龍騰版—的字彙量、字彙頻率、字根字首的出現頻率及類型，以協助教師更瞭解教科書中的字彙並進而協助學生習得他們所最需要的字彙。 本研究除了分析比對出現於教科書的所有字彙外，也就每課生字表中的生字作比較分析。在字彙量的統計方面，是先將含有文法語尾變化 (inflection) 的字併為一字及將含有副詞字尾 (-ly) 的副詞與形容詞並併為一字後，再作字數的計算。在字彙頻率的統計方面是以The General Service List (GSL) 和The University Word list (UWL) 作為參照比較的對象。字根字首的出現頻率是以含有同一字根字首的不同字彙為計算標準。 本研究的結果如下：(一)教科書的字彙量大約為5000字。(二)在GSL中的字彙，大約有88%出現在教科書中；而在UWL中的字彙，大約有47%出現在教科書中。(三)在遠東版的生字表中，有64%的字與GSL和UWL兩個字彙表有關連；而在龍騰版的生字表中，有51%的字與GSL和UWL兩個字彙表有關連。(四)以字彙量來看，有部分字根字首的學習是較為有利的。總而言之，本研究可促進教師對課本字彙的瞭解，並啟發教師作更有效能的字彙教學。 / The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the vocabulary occurring in the two sets of senior high school textbooks—Far East English Reader (FE) and Lungteng English Reader (LT). It is hoped that the results will help teachers know more about the quantity, frequency, and composition of the vocabulary in the textbooks and thus facilitate their vocabulary instruction. In addition to all the vocabulary occurring in the textbooks, the vocabulary in the word-for-production lists is also analyzed in terms of quantity, frequency, and composition. The quantity of the vocabulary is computed after the lemmatization of the vocabulary; the frequency of it is explored through the comparison with the General Service List (GSL) and the University Word List (UWL); the composition of it is analyzed on the basis of affixation. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) There are about 5000 words in each reader. (2) There are about 88% of the GSL words and 47% of the UWL words appearing in the textbooks. The GSL words generally have a higher frequency of occurrence in the textbooks than the UWL words. (3) About 64% of the words in FE word-for-production list are related to the GSL and the UWL and about 51% of the words in LT word-for-production list are related to the GSL and the UWL. (4) In terms of quantity, some of the affixes occurring in the whole set of textbooks or in the word-for-production lists are more easily to be acquired by learners than the others. Based on the findings, this study has some pedagogical implications regarding how to teach vocabulary in terms of word family and multiple exposures to supplement the inadequacy of vocabulary in the textbooks.

LTE-A在靜態頻率重用的情形下，雖能有效減少干擾，但在UE (User Equipment)較為集中情形下，會有頻譜使用不足的情況。在傳統的傳輸模式中，若UE之間欲進行傳輸，通常需由傳輸端發送訊號給基地台，基地台再發送訊號給接收者，需要進行兩次的無線傳輸。若UE在彼此距離相近的環境中，D2D (Device-to-Device)傳輸可讓UE之間直接利用LTE-A頻譜進行傳輸，進而達到節省頻譜資源的效果。 本研究探討靜態頻率重用的缺點與位置相近的D2D傳輸模式，提出DFRDD (Dynamic Frequency Reuse for D2D transmission)方法，使用動態頻率重用與D2D傳輸技術。我們將一個細胞(cell)劃分為中央區域及外圍區域，外圍區域又劃分為三個扇形區，使用動態頻率重用的方法調整頻譜，在頻譜不足時，中央區域可使用外圍區域的頻譜，外圍區域最多可使用中央區域三分之一的頻譜。在使用D2D技術時，利用D2D UE與BS/RS (Base Station/Relay Station)的距離，計算出對基地台UE干擾較少的頻譜，進而提升傳輸效率。 實驗結果顯示，DFRDD利用動態頻率重用與D2D選擇頻譜的方法、在吞吐量方面表現得較H. S.Chae [18]、Bao [19]、Zhang [20]所提出的方法為佳。 / In the case of LTE-A static frequency reuse, although it can effectively reduce the interference, however, in the case of more dense UEs (User Equipment) environment, there will be problem of insufficient spectrum. In the traditional transmission method, if a pair of UEs want to communicate with each other, the transmitter sends a signal to the base station, the base station then sends a signal to the receiver, the signal need to to be wirelessly transmitted twice. If a pair of UEs are within a close distance, D2D (device-to-device) transmission allows users to communicate with each other directly using the same LTE-A spectrum to save spectrum resource. In order to improve LTE-A system performance, this paper proposes a DFRDD (Dynamic Frequency Reuse for D2D transmission) method. Using dynamic frequency reuse and D2D transmission, we divide a cell into center region and outer area, where the outer area is divided into three sectors. We use dynamic frequency reuse method to allocate spectrum. When the spectrum is insufficient, the center region can use the spectrum of the outer region. On the other hand, the outer area can use up to one third of the spectrum of the center region. When using D2D technic, we calculate the distance between D2D UE and the BS / RS (Base Station / Relay Station), choose the frequency that may reduce the interference of cellular UE and improve transmission efficiency. The experimental results show that DFRDD uses the method of dynamic frequency reuse and D2D to select the spectrum, which has better performance than those methods proposed by Chae [18], Bao [19] and Zhang [20].

台灣地區銀行業者在面臨2005年雙卡卡債風暴與2008年全球金融風暴的衝擊後，對於業務拓展一直採取保守的態度；直到近期，創新科技智慧型手機市場的蓬勃發展，才引起銀行業者對於行動金融服務的關注，進而投入資源發展「智慧型手機行動銀行」業務，以提供消費者更便利、更即時、更有效率且不受時間、地點限制，就可取得金融資訊或進行金融交易的創新服務通路。然而，台灣地區銀行業者如何能對於「智慧型手機行動銀行」的投資策略更明確，最重要的關鍵因素就在於瞭解消費者使用行動銀行意願之因素和滿意度。本研究則以問卷資料蒐集方式，針對花旗銀行提供的銀行及信用卡客戶名單，邀請花旗貴賓用戶在網路上自行填寫問卷，經分析其研究結果，歸納如下： 1.使用花旗行動生活家客戶的基本資料分佈狀況大多學歷是大專/大學，以公司職員居多，家庭月收入約NT$30,000-NT$99,999，手機作業系統主要是Apple iPhone。 2.消費者對於花旗行動生活家的服務感受大多還算滿意。 3.消費者使用花旗行動生活家的服務以「行動市集優惠」和「行動銀行」居多。 4.消費者對於花旗行動生活家各項服務的瀏覽頻率以行動銀行和優惠地圖的瀏覽頻率較高。 5.消費者對於花旗行動生活家各項服務的滿意度以行動銀行、繳費中心、行動市集優惠、禮享家的滿意度較優惠地圖高 6.消費者使用花旗行動銀行的瀏覽頻率主要是每周一次；消費者使用花旗繳費中心、優惠地圖及禮享家的瀏覽頻率主要是一個月一次。 7.消費者使用花旗行動銀行、繳費中心、行動市集優惠、禮享家的滿意感受，以滿意居多；消費者使用花旗優惠地圖的滿意感受，以還算滿意居多。 關鍵字：行動生活家、使用因素、瀏覽頻率、滿意度

本研究以便利商店之青年族群消費者對於嗜好品(以軟糖、巧克力為例)之購買行為，台灣之便利商店密度已位居世界之冠，平均每2300多人就擁有一家便利商店，因此對於軟糖、巧克力產品而言，便利商店已成為兵家必爭之地。同時隨著台灣民眾所得的增加，在消費產品時，最首要考量因素已經不是價錢，而是口味是否符合喜好，以及這項產品是否有益於健康。本研究分別將便利商店之消費者，依據其造訪頻率，分為重度消費者、中度消費者與輕度消費者，並研究其進入便利商店之消費習慣，同時，也將不同頻率消費軟糖、巧克力之消費者進行分類，並研究其選擇產品與購買時的重要考慮因素，可以發現，便利商店中購買軟糖、巧克力之消費者，平均每次進入便利商店消費，會將一半的消費金額花在購買軟糖、巧克力之產品，且重度消費者是唯一較關注產品網路行銷資訊的族群，此群消費者也容易影響中度與輕度消費者，而另兩群消費者也分別有其較受影響的考量點，找出不同族群之消費者之關鍵考慮因素，並提供企業有效之行銷建議，即為本研究之重點。

本研究共一冊，預計四萬至六萬字，分五章二十四節：第一章、導論，第二章、文獻 探討，第三章、研究設計，第四章、分析研究之結果，第五章、結論、限制及建議。 當組織內的員工向其上司提出要求或建議時，常會使用不同的方式。本研究乃以被影 響的角度，探討以下各項問題： 一、國內組織裡，部屬向上影響的方法大致分為那幾類？ 二、各類方式的使用頻率是否和上司的心理特質、上司的人口特質、部屬的人口特質 、組織特性有關。 三、各類方法的使用效果是否和上司的心理特質、上司的人口特質、部屬的人口特質 、組織特性有關。 四、各類方法的使用頻率和使用效果是否會因影響目的之不同而異。

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the current state of Gamtel less competitive nature in the telecom industry and therefore use its competitive advantage and core competencies to pursue and endeavour to invest on internet service provision mainly on broadband. With high expectations from the launching of the ACE, Africa coast to Europe submarine cable, the plan is to take the opportunity brought by this Landing station to significantly expand on its current broadband technology provision, which is DSL (digital subscriber line), CDMA 3G wireless broadband connection and Leased line connection. The growth in the sector is still encouraging between 8 to 10% and Gamtel is foreseeing to increase its already existing leadership in terms of market share on the internet segment or ISP internet service provider market. There is a high capital investment required for this project but funding could be obtain from banks and even state own corporation at better rates and also self-funding of over GMD 90 million. The cash flow projections had shown a positive net present value (NPV) thus; indicating that this plan will is viable. With the three product categories, it is assume that the DSL and the CDMA 3G wireless broadband could be the cash cows whiles the leased lines connection for broadband which used to bring the biggest revenue in the data category will likely be going down, an impact the ACE project will brought along as the biggest customers from this service were the private ISP who now can connect direct to the ACE cable. As the implementation of the ACE goes on prices are expected to further fall as bandwidth becomes cheaper and cheaper and volume or high quantity purchase of bandwidth starts to emerge thus economics of scale.

本研究共一冊，預計四萬至六萬字，分五章二十四節：第一章、導論，第二章、文獻 探討，第三章、研究設計，第四章、分析研究之結果，第五章、結論、限制及建議。 當組織內的員工向其上司提出要求或建議時，常會使用不同的方式。本研究乃以被影 響的角度，探討以下各項問題： 一、國內組織裡，部屬向上影響的方法大致分為那幾類？ 二、各類方式的使用頻率是否和上司的心理特質、上司的人口特質、部屬的人口特質 、組織特性有關。 三、各類方法的使用效果是否和上司的心理特質、上司的人口特質、部屬的人口特質 、組織特性有關。 四、各類方法的使用頻率和使用效果是否會因影響目的之不同而異。

高頻率交易在近年已漸成為全球趨勢，在世界各主要交易所的交易型態中都占有相當的比例。高頻率交易雖因係非僅有單一策略型態的套利行為，而目前尚未有明確之定義，然簡言之，其係指於毫秒等級的微小時間內，利用複雜的計算機運算系統挾帶速度優勢來進行迅速探測出市場上股票或期貨微小的價格差異並從中套利之交易模式。高頻率交易的特性是「交易頻繁，但每次獲利微薄」，且通常是當沖交易。然而，此種立基於快速撮合的逐筆交易制度以及資訊軟硬體設備進步而生之新型交易模式，除能帶來增加交易市場流動性、促進市場活絡等優點以外，亦藏有使股市因無意向成交而產生劇烈波動或造成市場秩序不公平等風險，如著名的美國2010年閃電崩盤即為一例。 我國證券市場的交易制度幾經更迭，現行所採之集合競價的撮合間隔時間一路從20秒降至現行的5秒，然仍遲未採行各國趨勢之逐筆交易制度。現任證交所董事長施俊吉對此也於2016年12月13日受訪時指出，集合競價交易方式已屬老式且落伍，逐筆交易已水到渠成，運作尚有賴券商業者大力配合。只要券商準備好即可隨時啟動。 證券交易市場首重公平性，此於我國證券交易法立法目的即可觀之。我國雖因未採行逐筆交易制度，目前尚未面臨高頻率交易之挑戰，然於可預見之未來，我國實施逐筆交易制度後，高頻率交易的產生以及比重無可避免地將有隨之增加之可能。此時我國證券交易市場所將面臨的，即高頻率交易究竟有無促進市場效率、抑或破壞市場公平性；以及我們又該如何將之規範以兼顧市場整體利益與投資人保護等考驗。 本論文以現行我國交易制度的發展動向為脈絡，並以未雨綢繆之角度初探高頻率交易此一議題，藉參考他國就此交易模式之制度與規範方向，自我國現行證券交易法之制度下進行檢視及討論，藉此試提出於我國推行逐筆交易後，發生高頻率交易時之相關配套建議以及對投資人的保護措施，做為我國日後實際推行逐筆交易制度與高頻率交易時之參考依據。 / High-frequency trading (HFT) has become a global trend in recent years. It accounts for a considerable proportion in the world's major exchanges. HFT is not only a single strategy for the type of arbitrage behavior; hence, there is still no clear definition of it. But in short, it refers to a type of algorithmic trading characterized by "frequent transactions with minute profit". Despite the benefit of increasing the liquidity of market and promoting market activity, it also has some disadvantages such as interfering the market order and the risk of unfairness. The well-known case, Flash Crash, of America in 2010 is so one example of HFT. The securities market trading system of Taiwan, Call Auction, has changed several times. The interval of the auction collecting and matching time has been all the way from 20 seconds down to the 5 seconds in current. But the final goal, Trade by Trade Matching transaction, has not yet been adopted so far. In December of 2016, the current chairman of Taiwan Stock Exchange said that Call Auction transaction is now old-fashioned and outdated, Trade by Trade Matching transaction has become a matter of course. Trade by Trade Matching transaction is just right around the corner, and it’s ready to launch as long as the brokers are ready. Fairness is the first priority in securities market. While Taiwan has not yet adopted the Trade by Trade Matching transaction and has not yet faced the challenges of HFT, Taiwan will no doubt implement it in the foreseeable future, and therefore the possibility of the appearance and the proportion of HFT in our market will be increasing. At the same time, HFT will be faced with whether it will promote market efficiency or undermine the fairness of the market. How should we regulate it and how to protect the interests of investors and the overall benefit of our market will also become our tests. This thesis takes the development trend of current trading system in Taiwan as a starting point and probes into the issue of HFT from the view of precaution. By referring to the trading system and regulations toward HFT of other countries, this thesis try to propose relevant suggestions and protection measures for investors and appropriate regulations of market after the implementation of Trade by Trade Matching transaction and the embracement of HFT in Taiwan.

自負額之運用是保險人在承接業務時，掌控損失頻率與損失幅度的重要方法之一，適當的運用自負額可以穩定保險公司核保利潤營運績效，惟現行自負額仍有許多功能無法完全發揮，甚至造成實務上許多問題，故本文擬研究新型態自負額，以解決實務問題並發揮自負額之功能。 本文選擇以某產險公司實際理賠資料，探討新型態自負額的訂定方式對損失率結果之影響，另以問卷調查方式訪談六家保險公司核保及營業人員對於本文所述目前自負額制度優缺點及新型態自負額可行性之看法，結果顯示在問卷調查中本文所述目前自負額制度現況之優缺點及有關新型態自負額之可行性皆獲訪談者高度認同，在模擬實證上亦能達到對損失率影響不顯著之預期結果。 / Deductible is a key element for insurance companies to control loss frequency and loss severity. Appropriate deductible usage can stabilize underwriting profit for insurance companies. The constraints on present deductible conduct many problems in practice, so this paper proposes new-type deductible research to solve practical problem and develop optimal function of deductible. This article employs actual occurred loss database from one insurance company to study the impact on loss ratios with new-type deductible. Moreover, this paper also conducts qualitative interview survey approach to learn the viewpoints from underwriters and sales of six Taiwan insurance companies with merit and defect of present deductible and new-type deductible usage contained herein. The results show that merit and defect of present deductible and new-type deductible feasible contained herein is highly approved by interviewees. Besides, deductible usage is expected to have insignificant impact in increasing loss ratios through various case study simulations.

本篇論文的目的在驗證台股期貨報酬率與其波動度之間的相對應關係是由槓桿效果或是波動度回饋效果之因果關係所驅動，並且分別以日資料以及高頻率日內資料進行實證。實證結果發現在高頻率日內資料的應用下，能夠比日資料揭露出更詳細的波動度資訊，將報酬率與波動度間的對應關係描繪得更加明瞭。且在大多數資料期間內，同期下，台股期貨報酬率與其波動度之間會呈現負相關性，而負相關的程度會隨著報酬率遞延期數越長而逐漸遞減，因此可以發現報酬率與其波動度間呈現一個經由報酬率進而影響波動度的對應關係，與槓桿效果的因果關係雷同。最後，本文亦採用了常見的波動度預測模型，歷史模擬法、GARCH(1,1)模型、EGARCH(1,1)模型以及GJR-GARCH(1,1)模型，觀察這些波動度模型所預測出之波動度是否含有上述驗證的資訊意涵，並比較各波動度模型的預測能力，結果發現GJR-GARCH模型於樣本外期間所預測之波動度，其與報酬率之間不但具有槓桿效果的因果關係，且預測能力亦於四個波動度模型中表現最佳。