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Theory and simulation of scanning gate microscopy : applied to the investigation of transport in quantum point contactsSzewc, Wojciech 18 September 2013 (has links) (PDF)
This work is concerned with the theoretical description of the Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM) in general and with solving particular models of the quantum point contact (QPC) nanostructure, analytically and numerically. SGM is an experimental technique, which measures the conductance of a nanostructure, while a charged AFM tip is scanned above its surface. It gives many interesting results, such as lobed and branched images, interference fringes and a chequerboard pattern. A generally applicable theory, allowing for unambiguous interpretation of the results, is still missing. Using the Lippman-Schwinger scattering theory, we have developed a perturbative description of non-invasive SGM signal. First and second order expressions are given, pertaining to the ramp- and plateau-regions of the conductance curve. The maps of time-reversal invariant (TRI) systems, tuned to the lowest conductance plateau, are related to the Fermi-energy charge density. In a TRI system with a four-fold spatial symmetry and very wide leads, the map is also related to the current density, on any plateau. We present and discuss the maps calculated for two analytically solvable models of the QPC and maps obtained numerically, with Recursive Green Function method, pointing to the experimental features they reproduce and to the fundamental difficulties in obtaining good plateau tuning which they reveal.
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Optimisation des horaires des agents et du routage des appels dans les centres d’appelsChan, Wyean 09 1900 (has links)
Nous étudions la gestion de centres d'appels multi-compétences, ayant plusieurs types d'appels et groupes d'agents. Un centre d'appels est un système de files d'attente très complexe, où il faut généralement utiliser un simulateur pour évaluer ses performances.
Tout d'abord, nous développons un simulateur de centres d'appels basé sur la simulation d'une chaîne de Markov en temps continu (CMTC), qui est plus rapide que la simulation conventionnelle par événements discrets. À l'aide d'une méthode d'uniformisation de la CMTC, le simulateur simule la chaîne de Markov en temps discret imbriquée de la CMTC. Nous proposons des stratégies pour utiliser efficacement ce simulateur dans l'optimisation de l'affectation des agents. En particulier, nous étudions l'utilisation des variables aléatoires communes.
Deuxièmement, nous optimisons les horaires des agents sur plusieurs périodes en proposant un algorithme basé sur des coupes de sous-gradients et la simulation. Ce problème est généralement trop grand pour être optimisé par la programmation en nombres entiers. Alors, nous relaxons l'intégralité des variables et nous proposons des méthodes pour arrondir les solutions. Nous présentons une recherche locale pour améliorer la solution finale. Ensuite, nous étudions l'optimisation du routage des appels aux agents. Nous proposons une nouvelle politique de routage basé sur des poids, les temps d'attente des appels, et les temps d'inoccupation des agents ou le nombre d'agents libres. Nous développons un algorithme génétique modifié pour optimiser les paramètres de routage. Au lieu d'effectuer des mutations ou des croisements, cet algorithme optimise les paramètres des lois de probabilité qui génèrent la population de solutions.
Par la suite, nous développons un algorithme d'affectation des agents basé sur l'agrégation, la théorie des files d'attente et la probabilité de délai. Cet algorithme heuristique est rapide, car il n'emploie pas la simulation. La contrainte sur le niveau de service est convertie en une contrainte sur la probabilité de délai. Par après, nous proposons une variante d'un modèle de CMTC basé sur le temps d'attente du client à la tête de la file. Et finalement, nous présentons une extension d'un algorithme de coupe pour l'optimisation stochastique avec recours de l'affectation des agents dans un centre d'appels multi-compétences. / We study the management of multi-skill call centers, with multiple call types and agent groups. A call center is a very complex queueing system, and we generally need to use simulation in order to evaluate its performances.
First, we develop a call center simulator based on the simulation of a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) that is faster than traditional discrete-event simulation. Using an uniformization method, this simulator simulates the embedded discrete-time Markov chain of the CTMC. We propose strategies to use this simulator efficiently within a staffing optimization algorithm. In particular, we study the use of common random numbers.
Secondly, we propose an algorithm, based on subgradient cuts and simulation, to optimize the shift scheduling problem. Since this problem is usually too big to be solved as an integer programming problem, we relax the integer variables and we propose methods to round the solutions. We also present a local search to improve the final solution. Next, we study the call routing optimization problem. We propose a new routing policy based on weights, call waiting times, and agent idle times or the number of idle agents. We develop a modified genetic algorithm to optimize all the routing parameters. Instead of doing mutations and crossovers, this algorithm refines the parametric distributions used to generate the population of solutions.
We also develop a staffing algorithm based on aggregation, queueing theory and delay probability. This heuristic algorithm is fast, because it does not use simulation. The service level constraint is converted into a delay probability constraint. Moreover, we propose a variant of a CTMC model based on the waiting time of the customer at the head of the queue. Finally, we design an extension of a cutting-plane algorithm to optimize the stochastic version with recourse of the staffing problem for multi-skill call centers.
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Edmondo De Amicis et la France (1870-1883) : contacts et échanges entre littérature italienne et littérature française à la fin du XIXe siècleBrambilla, Alberto 13 May 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Le travail s'insère dans la vaste perspective des études sur les rapports entre la culture italienne et la culture française dans la seconde moitié du XIX siècle. En particulier nous avons pris en examen la période 1870-1883, c'est-à-dire les années de la conclusion de la guerre franco-prussienne, jusqu'à la crise diplomatique de Tunis (1881) et au passage de l'Italie à l'alliance politique et militaire avec l'Autriche et l'Allemagne. (1886). Dans la vaste production littéraire de De Amicis (connu presque seulement pour la publication de son roman Cuore), la France joue un rôle non secondaire, comme le témoignent le volume Ricordi di Parigi (1879) et le recueil Ritratti letterari (1881). Le but de notre recherche a été d'abord l'analyse approfondie de ces deux livres. Ensuite nous avons fait une enquête systématique sur l'ensemble de la production de De Amicis - en examinant pour la première fois plusieurs périodiques littéraires et politiques - où nous avons retrouvé beaucoup d'autres témoignages importants. En outre, grâce à l'étude de la biographie de De Amicis, nous avons reconstruit ses voyages et ses séjours en France (1873, 1878, 1880), et nous avons retrouvé le nom d'autres intellectuels français, avec lesquels De Amicis a établi des liens d'amitié et de collaboration. Enfin, à travers l'analyse de la correspondance privée de certains protagonistes de cet échange, nous avons acquis d'autres données. Nous avons ainsi mis à jour de nombreux témoignages de la remarquable réception en France des œuvres de De Amicis. Il a été beaucoup traduit en France et la critique française l'a considéré dès sa première œuvre (La vita militare, 1868) comme un des écrivains les plus importants d'Europe. Le bilan final de nos recherches confère à De Amicis un rôle très important dans les rapports entre la France et l'Italie, aussi bien au niveau culturel que politique
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Exploring patterns of empirical networks / Utforska mönster av empiriska nätverkRocha, Luis E C January 2011 (has links)
We are constantly struggling to understand how nature works, trying to identify recurrent events and looking for analogies and relations between objects or individuals. Knowing patterns of behavior is powerful and fundamental for survival of any species. In this thesis, datasets of diverse systems related to transportation, economics, sexual and social contacts, are characterized by using the formalisms of time series and network theory. Part of the results consists on the collection and analyzes of original network data, the rest focuses on the simulation of dynamical processes on these networks and to study how they are affected by the particular structures. The majority of the thesis is about temporal networks, i.e. networks whose structure changes in time. The new temporal dimension reveals structural dynamical properties that help to understand the feedback mechanisms responsible to make the network structure to adapt and to understand the emergence and inhibition of diverse phenomena in dynamic systems, as epidemics in sexual and contact networks. / Vi är ständigt kämpar för att förstå hur naturen fungerar, försöker identifier återkommande evenemang och söker analogier och relationer mellan objekt eller individer. Veta beteendemönster är kraftfull och grundläggande för överlevnad av arter. I denna avhandling, dataset av olika system i samband med transporter är ekonomi, sexuella och sociala kontakter, som kännetecknas av att använda formalismer av tidsserier och nätverk teori. En del av resultatet utgörs av insamling och analys av ursprungliga nätdata, fokuserar resten på simulering av dynamiska processer i dessa nätverk och att studera hur de påverkas av de särskilda strukturer. Huvuddelen av avhandlingen handlar om tidsmässiga nät, i.e. nät vars struktur förändringar i tid. Den nya tidsdimensionen avslöjar strukturella dynamiska egenskaper som hjälper till att förstå den feedback mekanismer som ansvarar för att göra nätverksstruktur att anpassa sig och förstå uppkomsten och hämning av olika företeelser i dynamiska system, epidemier i sexuella och kontaktnät. / Constantemente nos esforçamos para entender como a natureza funciona, tentando identificar eventos recorrentes e procurando por analogias e relações entre objetos ou indivíduos. Conhecer padrões de comportamento é algo poderoso e fundamental para a sobrevivência de qualquer espécie. Nesta tese, dados de sistemas diversos, relacionados a transporte, economia, contatos sexuais e sociais, são caracterizados usando o formalismo de séries temporais e teoria de redes. Uma parte dos resultados consiste na coleta e análise de dados de redes originais, a outra parte concentra-se na simulação de processos dinâmicos nessas redes e no estudo de como esses processos são afetados por determinadas estruturas. A maior parte da tese é sobre redes temporais, ou seja, redes cuja estrutura varia no tempo. A nova dimensão temporal revela propriedades estruturais dinâmicas que contribuem para o entendimento dos mecanismos de resposta responsáveis pela adaptação da rede, e para o entendimento da emergência e inibição de fenômenos diversos em sistemas dinâmicos, como epidemias em redes sexuais e de contato pessoal.
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British women's views of twentieth-century India an examination of obstacles to cross-cultural understandings /Bhattacharjee, Dharitri. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-85).
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"Tu dampém fala assim?" : macroanálises pluridimensionais da variação de sonorização e dessonorização das oclusivas do português de falantes bilíngues hunsriqueano-portuguêsBorella, Sabrina Gewehr January 2014 (has links)
A presente Tese tem como objetivo central descrever a variação de sonorização e de dessonorização das oclusivas /p, b/, /t, d/ e /k, g/ em dados de fala do português de falantes de hunsriqueano como língua de imigração alemã, a partir de uma perspectiva macroanalítica e pluridimensional (THUN, 1998). Para tanto, são analisadas leituras em português da ‘Parábola do Filho Pródigo’ de informantes de 16 localidades do Projeto ALMA-H (Atlas Linguístico-Contatual das Minorias Alemãs na Bacia do Prata: Hunsrückisch), divididos em duas gerações (jovens [GI] e velhos [GII]) e dois estratos sociais (classe sócio-cultural alta [Ca] e baixa [Cb]). A análise dos dados é dividida em quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa, são analisadas 43 leituras completas da Parábola de 15 localidades do Projeto, a fim de verificar o número total de dessonorizações/sonorizações de oclusivas e os condicionamentos linguísticos que favorecem as transferências do hunsriqueano para o português (tipo de processo, tonicidade silábica, tipo de oclusiva, etc.). A segunda etapa é dividida em dois momentos. Primeiramente, é feita uma comparação em tempo aparente, da leitura de jovens e de velhos (GI versus GII), uma análise mesocronológica (THUN, 2009), do primeiro e segundo parágrafos de 59 leituras de 16 localidades do Projeto. Em seguida, é realizada uma descrição em tempo real, a partir de uma análise macrocronológica (THUN, 2009) de 9 cartas antigas (1892- 1922) trocadas entre falantes de hunsriqueano de diferentes localidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Ambas as análises têm o intuito de observar a existência de uma mudança em curso em relação à variável analisada, na comparação de diferentes gerações (dimensão diageracional e diacrônica). Na terceira etapa, são descritas as análises das 59 leituras, na dimensão diastrática (Ca versus Cb), com o objetivo de verificar o papel da escolaridade na manutenção ou mudança das marcas de influência da língua de imigração nos dados analisados. Na última etapa, são descritas as análises das 59 leituras, tomando por base a dimensão diatópica (diferentes pontos), visando comparar, por meio da cartografia pluridimensional, o comportamento variável dos informantes analisados em uma rede de 16 pontos de pesquisa. Os resultados da primeira etapa apontam: a) um número bastante reduzido de transferências interlinguísticas (apenas 1,98%); b) um maior número de dessonorizações (84,14%) do que sonorizações (15,86%) de oclusivas; c) a predominância de dessonorizações em sílabas pretônica e tônica e de sonorizações em sílaba postônica, seguindo as regras de vozeamento do hunsriqueano (ALTENHOFEN, 1996) e d) um número elevado de dessonorizações em posição inicial de palavra, o que leva a crer que tanto as oclusivas sonoras quanto a posição inicial de palavra são condicionamentos linguísticos propícios para a ocorrência de transferências do paradigma de dessonorização. As outras etapas mostram: a) um maior número de dessonorizações/sonorizações em informantes da GII do que da GI (análise mesocronológica); b) um crescente aumento no número de dessonorizações e uma queda no número das sonorizações com o passar do tempo (análise macrocronológica); c) um maior número de transferências nos informantes da Cb do que da Ca e d) um predomínio de padrões distintos do português em informantes pertencentes às colônias velhas e com baixo índice populacional. De modo geral, observa-se o predomínio de padrões distintos nos informantes CbGII, seguidos dos informantes CaGII, CbGI e, por fim, CaGI. Conclui-se, com isso, que o número de transferências do padrão de vozeamento da língua de imigração para o português está decrescendo. O resultado apresentado favorece uma mudança de atitude, tendo em vista que a diminuição de transferências faz com que os benefícios do bilinguismo fiquem mais evidentes do que, contrariamente, sugerem os estereótipos normalmente associados à fala de indivíduos bilíngues português-hunsriqueano, o que contribui para uma imagem e postura mais favoráveis ao uso dessa língua de imigração. / This dissertation is mainly aimed to describe the variation of voicing and devoicing plosives (/p, b/, /t, d/ and /k, g/) in Portuguese speech data from speakers of Hunsrückisch, as a German immigration language, from a macroanalytic and pluridimensional perspective (THUN, 1998). So that, readings, in Portuguese of the ‘Prodigal Son Parable’ from informants of 16 localities of ALMA-H Project (Contactual-Linguistic Atlas of German Minorities in La Plata Basin- Hunsrückisch), divided into two generations (joung [GI] and old [GII] and two social strata (high [Ca] and low [Cb] socio-cultural class), are analysed. The data analysis is divided into four steps. In the first step, 43 complete readings of the Parable from 15 localities of the Project are analysed, in order to check the total number of devoicing/voicing in the plosives and the linguistic constraints that favor transfers from Hunsrückisch to Portuguese (type of process, Syllable Stress, type of plosive, etc.). The second step is divided into two moments. Firstly, a comparison of readings from young and old is made (GI versus GII- apparent time), a mesochronological analysis (THUN, 2009), from the first and the second paragraphs of 59 readings of 16 Project localities. After that, a description in real time (macrochronological analysis (THUN, 2009)) of 9 old letters exchanged among Hunsrückisch speakers of different locations of Rio Grande do Sul is made. Both analyses aims to observe the existence of a change in progress in relation to the variable analyzed, in the comparation of different generations (diagenerational and diachronic dimensions). In the third step, the analyzes of 59 readings (diastratic dimension (Ca versus Cb)) are described, aiming to verify the role of education in maintaining or changing the marks of the immigration language influence in the analyzed data. In the last step, the analyzes of 59 readings (diatopic dimension- different points), are described, aiming to compare, through pluridimensional cartography, the variable behavior of the analyzed informants in a network of 16 points of research. The results of the first step show: a) a very low number of interlinguistic transfers (only 1,98%); b) a larger number of devoicing (84,14%) than voicing (15,86%) of plosives; c) the predominance of devoicing in pretonic and tonic syllables, and voicing in posttonic syllables, following to the rules of voicing in Hunsrückisch (ALTENHOFEN, 1996) and d) a great number of devoicing in word initial position, which suggests that both voiced plosives and word initial position are linguistic constraints that favor transfers. The other steps show: a) a larger number of devoicing/voicing in GII than GI informants (mesochronological analysis); b) an increasing in the number of devoicing and a decreasing in the number of voicing over time (macrochronological analysis); c) a larger number of transfers in informants from Cb than from Ca and d) A predominance of Portuguese distinctive patterns in informants from old colonies and low degree of population. Overall, there is a predominance of distinctive patterns in CbGII informants, followed by CaGII, CbGI and finally CaGI informants. With that we can conclude that the number of voicing pattern transfers from the immigration language to Portuguese is decreasing. The result shown favors a change in attitude, taking into account that the decreasing in transfers makes the benefits of bilingualism become more evident than contrarily suggest the stereotypes usually associated with the speech of Portuguese-Hunsrückisch bilinguals, which contributes to an image and stance more favorable to the use of this immigration language.
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Etude du comportement thermique d'un motoréducteur / Study on the thermal behaviour of a gear unitLaruelle, Sandrine 29 September 2017 (has links)
La diminution de l’impact environnemental des moteurs électriques conduit à des améliorations du rendement et de la compacité. Puisque la taille de la transmission est réduite, des problèmes d’échauffements peuvent apparaître car la surface d’échange avec l’environnement est fortement réduite, diminuant les possibilités de refroidissement. L’ensemble du système doit être caractérisé en termes de pertes de puissance et de capacité de transfert thermique pour déterminer si la température maximale en fonctionnement correspond aux exigences de fiabilité tout au long de la durée de vie du système. Cette thèse propose un modèle thermique d’une transmission avec des engrenages spiraux coniques, lubrifiée par bain d’huile. Le modèle thermique utilise la méthode des réseaux thermiques. Par conséquent, une estimation précise des pertes et des transferts thermiques entre les différents éléments est nécessaire. Une revue des méthodes existantes est présentée, indiquant que les pertes par barbotage des engrenages spiraux coniques ne sont pas totalement maîtrisées, entraînant la conduite d’une série d’essais sur un banc d’essai dédié. Cette étude se conclue sur l’application du modèle à la transmission ainsi que la proposition de points d’améliorations. / Environmental concern leads to improvements in both efficiency and power density of electrical motors. For compact transmissions, thermal issues can become critical: the surface available for thermal exchange with the environment is reduced, minimizing the possibility to cool down the elements. To ensure the system reliability, the operating temperature for each operating condition must not exceed the required maximum oil temperature. In order to evaluate its thermal behavior, the whole system should be therefore evaluated in terms of power losses and heat transfer. This PhD proposes a thermal model of an existing oil bath lubricated gear unit with spiral bevel gears. The thermal model uses the thermal network method, which needs an accurate prediction of power losses of the different elements and heat transfer between them. A review of the existing methods is presented. Since the churning losses of spiral bevel gears has never been fully characterized, specific tests have been done on a dedicated test bench. The last part of this work suggests possible improvements on the gearbox design.
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Československé a sovětské výtvarné umění ve třicátých letech 20. století: kontakty, vlivy, vzájemné působení / Czechoslovak and Soviet Art in the 1930s: contacts, influences, interactionsHausenblasová, Anna January 2018 (has links)
The thesis focuses on the contacts between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, specifically in the area of the 1930s fine arts. This topic has been mapped from 1930 to 1938 (before the Munich Agreement). The first part of the text deals with the historical-political background of that period and cultural relations between the two countries with emphasis on fine arts. Specific manifestations of these relations can be found in the next part of the thesis, using analysis and comparison of the Czechoslovak printed periodicals and archival documents, especially political news and correspondence. This thesis focuses mainly on realized art exhibitions and their reflections. All of this has been set into the historical and political context, thus achieving a comprehensive description of the topic. Key words Czechoslovakia, Graphic Arts, Caricature, Catalogue, Contacts, Printed Periodical, Political News, the Soviet Union, 1930s, Fine Arts, Art Exhibition.
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Avaliação do risco de adoecimento em contatos de pacientes de hanseníase, considerando fatores individuais, domiciliares e contextuaisSantos, Daiane Santos dos January 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012 / Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / A hanseníase no Brasil ainda não foi controlada apesar da redução da detecção de casos e da
taxa de prevalência. A distribuição geográfica ocorre de forma heterogênea e é influenciada
por fatores contextuais. O risco elevado de adoecimento em contatos de pacientes com
hanseníase pode ser atribuído a características genéticas, que vêm sendo exploradas através
das relações de parentesco. Registros no banco de dados de 7174 contatos de pacientes com
hanseníase atendidos no Ambulatório Souza Araújo - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (1987-2010)
foram analisados, a fim de investigar fatores domiciliares, individuais e contextuais
associadas à hanseníase (incidência e prevalência). Regressões multivariadas, logística e de
Poisson foram aplicadas, utilizando estimação robusta que leva em consideração o cluster de
contactos relacionados ao caso índice. A significância foi de 5%. As variáveis dos contatos
foram: o parentesco com o caso índice, a cor da pele, idade, sexo, escolaridade, presença de
cicatriz de BCG e imunização com esta, tipo e tempo de convivência com o caso índice,
tempo e município de residência. As variáveis do caso índice foram: diagnóstico clínico,
índice baciloscópico (IB) e grau de incapacidade. Análises separadas foram realizadas
considerando o município de residência. Quando excluindo o município de residência, a
variável parentesco mostrou uma associação significativa com parentes próximos (irmãos e
filhos) na prevalência. Nesta mesma análise, na incidência, diferentes riscos significativos
foram encontrados para todas as categorias. Na análise de prevalência, que incluiu o
município de residência, o parentesco foi associado apenas com parentes consangüíneos, já na
análise da incidência houve diferentes riscos associados à hanseníase em todas as categorias
de parentesco. IB > 1,0 foi associado com a doença em todas as análises realizadas, no
entanto, IB > 3,0 aumentou a chance e o risco de adoecimento. A cor da pele foi associada
com a hanseníase, exceto na análise de prevalência quando o município de residência foi
considerado. A presença da cicatriz BCG, ao excluir o município de residência, mostrou um
efeito protetor de 70% e 37% na prevalência e incidência, respectivamente. Na inclusão do
município de residência uma redução da proteção é observada (55% na prevalência, e na
incidência não ocorreu associação significativa). Escolaridade menor de 4 anos de duração foi
associada com a doença em ambas as análises de prevalência. Tipo e tempo de convivência
com o caso índice foram associados com a hanseníase só na análise de prevalência, quando o
município de residência não foi considerado. A cidade de Magé foi associada com a doença
na análise de prevalência e São João de Meriti na incidência. Nós concluímos que o município
de residência pode influenciar o efeito de vários fatores para a hanseníase em contatos, tais
como: os subgrupos de parentesco, a vacina BCG aplicada na infância, cor da pele, tipo e
período de convivência com o caso índice. Outras variáveis exploradas, índice baciloscópico,
baixa escolaridade, também foram associados ao adoecimento. Maiores estudos precisam ser
realizados para uma avaliação mais detalhada da influência da genética em associação com o
contexto ambiental do contato. / Leprosy in Brazil has not been controlled, despite the reduction of new cases detected and of
prevalence rate. The geographical distribution occurs heterogeneously and is influenced by
contextual factors. The higher risk of becoming ill present for contacts of leprosy patients can
be attributed to genetic characteristics, which are being explored by kinship association.
Records in the database of 7174 contacts of leprosy patients treated at Ambulatory Souza
Araújo - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (1987-2010) were analyzed, in order to investigate
individual, household and contextual factors associated with leprosy (incidence and
prevalence). Multivariate regression, logistic and Poisson models, were applied. Robust
estimation was used, taking in consideration the cluster of contacts related to the index case.
The significance was 5%. The contacts' variables were: kinship with index case, skin color,
age, gender, education level, and presence of scar and BCG immunization, type and period of
contact with the index case, length of permanence at city of residence. The index case's
variables were: clinical diagnosis, bacteriological index (BI) and grade of disability. Separate
analyses were performed taken in consideration the city of residence. When excluding city of
residence from the analysis, kinship, showed a significant association with close blood
relatives (siblings and children) in the prevalence. In this incidence analysis different
significant risks were found for blood related categories. In the prevalence analysis, that
included the city of residence, kinship was only associated with blood relatives. On the other
hand, in the incidence analysis there were different risks associated with leprosy in all
categories of kinship. BI > 1.0 was associated with illness in all of the analysis performed;
however, BI > 3.0 increased the chance and the risk of illness. The skin color was associated
with leprosy, except in the prevalence analysis when the city of residence was considered.
The BCG scar, when excluding the city of residence from the analysis, showed a protective
effect for leprosy of 70% and 37% in the prevalence and incidence, respectively. When
including the city of residence a reduction of the protection is observed (55% of in the
prevalence and none in the incidence analysis). Schooling less than 4 years duration was
associated with illness in both prevalence analyses. Type and period of contact with the index
case were associated with leprosy only in the prevalence analysis when the city of residence
was not considered. The city of Magé was associated with illness in the prevalence analysis
and São João de Meriti in the incidence. We conclude that the city of residence may
influence the effect of several factors in the presence of leprosy in contacts, such as:
subgroups of kinship, BCG vaccine applied in childhood, skin color, type and period of
contact with the index case. Other variables explored, bacterial index, low formal schooling,
were also found to be associated with illness. Further studies need to be performed for a more
detailed evaluation of the influence of genetics in association with the environmental context
of the contact.
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Immigration francophone en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick : langues et identités : une approche sociolinguistique de parcours d’immigrants francophones à Moncton / Francophone immigration in Acadian New Brunswick : languages and identities : a sociolinguistic perspective on francophone immigrants living in MonctonViolette, Isabelle 12 November 2010 (has links)
Cette thèse de doctorat contribue au champ de recherche sur l'immigration francophone en milieu minoritaire à partir du contexte acadien néo-brunswickois. Ce travail considère le phénomène de l'immigration francophone comme un analyseur de tensions et de confrontations socio-identitaires et linguistiques au sein de la société acadienne d'accueil. L'analyse fait ressortir un processus de transformation de la représentation politique ainsi que de l'identité collective de la communauté acadienne. De manière plus approfondie, cette recherche illustre le rôle des langues dans le projet migratoire et le projet d'intégration des immigrants francophones à Moncton en regard de sa situation de contacts de langues inégalitaires. Cette thèse adopte une approche interprétative et qualitative afin de privilégier le sens donné par les acteurs directement impliqués dans les phénomènes sociaux et linguistiques à l'étude. / This doctoral thesis is a contribution to the field of research on francophone immigration in a minority setting, more specifically in Acadian New Brunswick. This thesis is examining francophone immigration as a means of understanding and analysing identity and linguistic tensions amongst the Acadian host community. The analysis shows that Acadian society is undergoing a transformation process regarding its political representation and collective identity. The objective is to understand the role that languages play in the migration trajectory and the integration plans of francophone immigrants in Moncton with respect to its unequal linguistic situation. This thesis adopts an interpretative and qualitative approach that takes into account the points of view of the participants who are directly involved in the linguistic and social phenomena under review.
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