In multiple criteria programming, a decision maker has to choose a point from the set of efficient solutions. This is usually done by some interactive procedure, where he or she moves from one efficient point to the next until an acceptable solution has been reached. It is therefore important to provide some information about the "size" of the efficient set, i.e. to know the minimum (and maximum) criterion values over the efficient set. This is a difficult problem in general. In this paper, we show that for the bicriteria problem, the problem is easy. This does not only hold for the linear bicriteria problem, but also for more general problems. (author's abstract) / Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik

The airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is used as an approach to monitor and analyse actual state of environmental components. This thesis deals with hyperspectral image data, especially it is focused on normalization with respect to scanning angle. The thesis proposes specific algorithm, which is based on the statistical analysis of spectral lines across the scan line and on a physical models describing the process of spectral reflectance. An important part of this thesis is software implementation of proposed algorithm, that allows to calculate required normalization for real datasets.

L'assimilation de données permet de combiner d'une manière optimale un modèle numérique décrivant l'évolution de la composition chimique de l'atmosphère et les mesures disponibles. Dans cette thèse, l'assimilation de données est utilisée afin de caractériser les distributions troposphériques et stratosphériques de l'ozone (O3) et du monoxyde de carbone (CO). Le Modèle de Chimie Transport (CTM) MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande échelle) est utilisé dans une configuration à deux domaines imbriqués avec les résolutions de 2◦ (global) et de 0.2◦ (régional). La technique variationnelle du 3D-FGAT est utilisée pour toutes les études que constituent cette thèse. Nous avons évalué la complémentarité des mesures satellites au limbe et au nadir aujourd'hui disponibles pour la caractérisation de l'UTLS (Haute Troposphère Basse Stratosphère) en assimilant ces deux types de mesures simultanément. Nous nous sommes en particulier intéressé à la propagation de l'information provenant des mesures assimilés dans le modèle et plus particulièrement, aux impacts de l'assimilation de mesures stratosphérique d'ozone en troposphère aux moyennes latitudes. Les principaux objectifs de cette thèse ont été de montrer la valeur ajoutée de l'augmentation de la résolution modèle pour l'assimilation de données et les effets synergiques de l'assimilation combinée d'un sondeur au limbe et au nadir. Des développements au niveau du système d'assimilation en domaine imbriqué à 0.2◦ ont été effectués. L'assimilation des données dans le domaine global est maintenant prise en compte et les conditions aux bords provenant des champs assimilés montre un impact significatif sur le domaine imbriqué. Dans un premier temps, nous avons assimilé les profils d'ozone stratosphériques mesurés au limbe provenant de MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) afin d'étudier deux cas d'échange entre la Stratosphère et la Troposphère (STE). / Data assimilation combines in an optimal way a numerical model describing the evolution of the atmospheric chemical composition and the available trace gases measurements. In this thesis, data assimilation is used to characterize the ozone (O3) and the carbon monoxide (CO) distributions in the stratosphere and in the troposphere. The Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle) is used in a configuration with two nested domains at 2◦ (global) and at 0.2◦ (regional). To perform the assimilation experiments a 3D-FGAT variational method is used. We evaluate the complementarity of limb and nadir measurements available at the present day at characterizing the UTLS (Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere) region by assimilating simultaneously the two type of measurements. We particularly focus on the impacts of data assimilation of stratospheric ozone measurements on troposphere and conversely of tropospheric data assimilation on stratosphere. Showing the added value of the increased horizontal resolution in the UTLS assimilated fields and the synergistic effects of limb and nadir assimilation were the main objectives of this work. Development in the assimilation system have been made in the assimilation system with the nested domain. Data assimilation in the global domain is now taken in account and the boundary condition from the assimilated fields show significant impacts on the regional domain. Firstly, we assimilate stratospheric ozone profiles from MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) to investigate two Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) case studies. .

Plus de 30 ans après la découverte du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), entre 20 et 30% des patients sous trithérapie anti rétrovirale (TARV) ne récupèrent pas un taux normal de lymphocytes (LT) CD4, ce qui est associé à une plus grande morbi-mortalité. Il existe de nombreux résultats discordants dans la littérature concernant le rôle joué par l'activation immunitaire des LT CD4 et CD8, ainsi que des incertitudes sur celui des LT régulateurs (Treg), dans cette non réponse immunologique (NRI). Dans le but de clarifier les liens entre NRI, activation immunitaire et Treg, nous avons formulé deux hypothèses : (i) il existe un lien entre le pourcentage de Treg, l'activation immune des LT CD4 et/ou LT CD8, et NRI; et (ii) le pourcentage de Treg mesuré à l'introduction de la TARV est utilisable en tant que marqueur indépendant de risque de NRI à la TARV. Afin de tester nos hypothèses, nous avons dans un premier temps amélioré le phénotypage des Treg en pratique quotidienne, d'abord en comparant différents phénotypes de Treg, puis en validant dans des échantillons cliniques une nouvelle méthode de marquage de FoxP3 intracellulaire en un temps. Puis nous avons analysé dans une étude transversale les liens entre NRI, activation immune, différentes sous populations de Treg et la détection d'une virémie résiduelle, au sein d'une population de patients infectés par le VIH-1, en succès virologique sous TARV depuis de nombreuses années. Les facteurs prédictifs associée à la NRI ont été analysés au moyen d'une analyse multivariée. Nous avons parallèlement étudié au moyen d'une étude prospective le rôle pronostic de la mesure du pourcentage de Treg à l'introduction de la TARV, sur la réponse immune en LT CD4 dans les 2 ans suivant le début du traitement. Nous avons montré que la NRI après 7 ans de TARV en moyenne était associée de façon indépendante au nadir de LT CD4 et au pourcentage de Treg. Nous avons retrouvé une augmentation significative de l'activation immune des LT CD4 en cas de NRI, mais pas des LT CD8. Enfin, nous avons montré que le pourcentage de Treg était, avec le nadir de LT CD4, un facteur prédictif de NRI dans les 2 ans suivant le début de la TARV, et que son impact sur la réponse immune était d'autant plus marqué que le nadir de CD4 était bas. La mesure du pourcentage de Treg à l'introduction de la TARV pourrait être un outil simple et facilement utilisable en routine pour mieux cibler les patients à risque de NRI, en association avec la mesure du nadir des LT CD4. Un suivi de la cohorte permettra de confirmer ces résultats à plus long terme. D'autres études devront être conduites, en se focalisant sur les patients avec un nadir de LT CD4 bas, ainsi que chez des patients plus âgés, afin d'explorer les interactions entre immunosénescence, activation immune et Treg / More than 30 years after the discovery of HIV, between 20 and 30% of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) do not recover normal levels of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4). This immunological non response (INR) to ART is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. There are many conflicting results in the literature related the role of T cells immune activation of T regulator cells (Treg), in INR. In order to clarify the links between INR, immune activation and Treg, we made two hypotheses: (i) there is a link between Treg’s percentage, immune activation of CD4 and / or CD8, and INR; and (ii) the percentage of Treg measured at ART introduction can be used as an independent predictor for INR. To test our hypotheses, we initially improved the immunophenotyping of Treg in daily practice, by comparing different Treg’s phenotype, and by validating in clinical samples a new « one step» staining method of intracellular FoxP3. Then we analyzed in a crosssectionnal study the links between INR, immune activation, different Treg’s subpopulations and detection of very low level viremia, in a population of HIV-1 infected patients, under suppressive ART for many years. Predictive factors associated with the INR were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Simultaneously, we performed a prospective study to analyse the prognostic role of Treg’s percentage at ART introduction on the CD4 reconstitution within 2 years. We have shown that INR after 7 years of ART was independently associated with CD4 nadir and Treg’s percentage. We found in INR patients a significant increase of CD4 immune activation, but not of CD8. Finally, we showed that the Treg’s percentage and the CD4 nadir were independant predictors of INR within 2 years from the start of ART. The effect of Treg at baseline on CD4 evolution was as lower as the CD4 nadir was higher. Measuring the percentage of Treg at ART introduction could be a simple and easy tool to use in daily routine. It could help to better target patients at risk of INR in association with the measurement of CD4 nadir. A follow-up of the cohort will confirm these results in the long term. Further studies will be conducted, focusing on patients with a low CD4 nadir, and on older patients, in order to explore the interactions between immunosenescence, immune activation and Treg

Abstract This thesis analyzes lynching and segregation in the American South between the years 1877 and 1951. It argues that these crimes of physical and social violence constitute genocide against black Americans, according to the definitions of genocide proposed by Raphael Lemkin and then the later legal definition adopted by the United Nations. American law and prevailing white American social beliefs sanctioned these crimes. Lynching and segregation were used as tools of persecution intended to keep black people in their designated places in a racial hierarchy in the United States at this time period. These crimes were two of many coordinated actions designed to physically and mentally harm a group of people defined and targeted on grounds of race. These actions of mentally and physically harming members of the group do constitute genocide under both Lemkin's original concept of genocide and the United Nations' legal genocide definition. Studies of the black experience, although starting to gain some research popularity, are virtually absent from genocide historiography. This thesis aims to fill part of that void and contribute to the emerging studies of one of America's "hidden genocides."* * "Hidden genocides" is a term that Alexander Laban Hinton, Thomas La Pointe, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson have used to describe intentional destruction of groups in human history (genocide) that are often denied, dismissed or neglected in popular and scholarly discussions about genocide. [Alexander Laban Hinton, Thomas La Pointe, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson. Hidden Genocides: Power, Knowledge, Memory. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 2014).

Orientador: Inaicyra Falcão dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conceicao_OsvaldicedeJesus_M.pdf: 4924436 bytes, checksum: 01e53f07651c7757fb07add7ec076d05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta dissertação faz um estudo de caso da cantora brincante de manifestações culturais Maria Nadir dos Santos, residente na cidade de Laranjeiras - Sergipe, na comunidade da Mussuca. Nesse contexto, investiga-se seu canto como um "modelo" de expressão vocal para as vozes interpretativas da música ao teatro. Em seguida, faz-se um relato e análise da trajetória artística da autora em ambientes de formação e de trabalho, tendo na experiência pessoal de ambas, a perspectiva de legitimar a ideia norteadora desta pesquisa, que é a da Memória como potência da oralidade. A partir desse temário, propõe-se uma reflexão acerca das várias "vozes que compõem o "discurso polifônico" e como esse transita na memória. Para tanto, apresenta-se como principal aporte metodológico as ideias apontadas por BAKHTIN (1997) na obra "Problemas na poética de Dostoiévski", dentre outros autores com os quais se dialoga nesta pesquisa / Abstract: This dissertation aims at making a case study of Maria Nadir dos Santos, a "brincante" historical manifestation singer, living in Laranjeiras, Sergipe, in a community called Mussuca. In this context, her song is researched as a model of vocal expression for voices coming from both music and theater backgrounds. Then, this study analyses the artistic career of its author regarding work and training. From the personal experience of both author and singer, this research purposes to legitimate its main idea - Memory empowering orality -. From this theme, this dissertation discusses the several voices that are part of the polyphonic speech, and how it transitions in memory. In order to accomplish this idea, the main methodological support used is the work of BAHKTIN (1997) in "Problemas na poética de Dostoiévski", among other different authors / Mestrado / Artes da Cena / Mestre em Artes da Cena

No description available.

Background: Approximately 32% of all lymphoma patients experience immunocompromised severe avoidable side effects of nadir at home after discharge postchemotherapy. The certified oncology nurses employed at a large metropolitan hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, lack standardized discharge guidelines that include regulatory organizations’ recommendations to assist patients/families with at-home self-management of the avoidable side effects. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to utilize the institution’s existing postchemotherapy discharge protocol to assess certified oncology nurses’ knowledge of severe avoidable side effects of nadir; modify the existing healthcare institution’s postchemotherapy discharge protocol to reflect standardized practice for promoting clinical practice continuity by leading organizations; conduct multifaceted training seminars to disseminate the modified postchemotherapy discharge guideline; evaluate the oncology nurses’ knowledge of severe avoidable side effects of nadir postchemotherapy after modified guideline implementation; and collaborate with the intraprofessional team to determine if the modified postchemotherapy discharge guideline was feasible and acceptable for system wide hospital implementation. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework used was Benner’s model of nurse proficiency: expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care through a sound educational base and a multitude of experiences. Methods: The existing postchemotherapy discharge protocol was used to develop a developed standardized guideline incorporating regulatory organizations’ recommendations for severe avoidable side effects of nadir postchemotherapy for nursing discharge information and patients’ at-home management. Ten oncology registered nurses on a 16-bed oncology unit participated in two 10-question Likert scale questionnaires based on the existing guideline (pretest) and the modified guideline (posttest) before and after an educational intervention. A quantitative nonparametric descriptive design was used. The questionnaires were analyzed with a two-tailed paired t test, p = 0.05, CI = 95, SD = 12. Results: Nurses significantly improved from pretest to posttest—63% before receiving modified guideline education and 83% after receiving education (p < 0.005). Conclusion: A standardized guideline that included regulatory organizations’ recommendations for at-home management of severe avoidable side effects of nadir showed significant nurses’ improvement in knowledge and competency. The effectiveness of nurses disseminating discharge information was paramount when knowledge awareness and appropriate patient/family assessment were incorporated in the discharge instructions.

Finding the true nondominated points is typically hard for Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimization (MOCO) problems. Furthermore, it is not practical to generate all of them since the number of nondominated points may grow exponentially as the problem size increases. In this thesis, we develop an exact algorithm to find all nondominated points in a specified region. We combine this exact algorithm with a heuristic algorithm that approximates the possible locations of the nondominated points. Interacting with a decision maker (DM), the heuristic algorithm first approximately identifies the region that is of interest to the DM. Then, the exact algorithm is employed to generate all true nondominated points in this region. We conduct experiments on Multi-objective Assignment Problems (MOAP), Multi-objective Knapsack Problems (MOKP) and Multi-objective Shortest Path (MOSP) Problems / and the algorithms work well. Finding the worst possible value for each criterion among the set of efficient solutions has important uses in multi-criteria problems since the proper scaling of each criterion is required by many approaches. Such points are called nadir points. v It is not straightforward to find the nadir points, especially for large problems with more than two criteria. We develop an exact algorithm to find the nadir values for multi-objective integer programming problems. We also find bounds with performance guarantees. We demonstrate that our algorithms work well in our experiments on MOAP, MOKP and MOSP problems. Assuming that the DM&#039 / s preferences are consistent with a quasiconcave value function, we develop an interactive exact algorithm to solve MIP problems. Based on the convex cones derived from pairwise comparisons of the DM, we generate constraints to prevent points in the implied inferior regions. We guarantee finding the most preferred point and our computational experiments on MOAP, MOKP and MOSP problems show that a reasonable number of pairwise comparisons are required.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une optique comparatiste et interdisciplinaire qui étudie les traits spécifiques du « sacré » tel qu’il se manifeste dans un corpus bilingue, en ayant recours conjointement à des théories littéraires et exégétiques. À travers cette étude de l’intertexte du Coran et du hadith dans la littérature tunisienne d’expression française et arabe, nous avons pu souligner l’importance de trois dimensions intertextuelles majeures qui contribuent pleinement à l’élaboration d’une poétique du « sacré » à savoir : la mystique, la rythmique et le mythe. Notre thèse déconstruit les idées reçues qui font perdurer la séparation entre la littérature et le sacré en démontrant la pertinence de la relecture des textes « sacrés » par les auteurs. Ceux-ci semblent en effet, avoir intuitivement accédé à la déconstruction de plusieurs mythes inscrits dans l’ « impensable » islamique. Leur apport est plus que pertinent en ce moment, où l’Islam se propage plus par ces mythes que par l’essence de ses textes. / In this thesis we aim to study what defines the sacredness in a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective as it manifests itself by a bilingual corpus. We had resorted to both literary and exegetical theories. Through this study of intertext of Qur’ân and Hadith in the tunisian literature which uses french and arabic-language we had emphasized the importance of three major dimensions in interextuality that contribute fully to devise the poetry in the « sacredness » : mystic, rhythmics and myth. Our thesis deconstructs preconceived ideas that keep the separation between the literature and sacredness by showing the importance of reviewing the sacred texts beyond doubt. The Authors seem to have intuitively deconstruct many myths of the « unthinkable » islamic thought. What they brought has considerable merit while Islam is becoming known more by its myths than by the essence of its texts.