The criterion groups validity of emotional intelligence according to Mayer & Salovey (1997), ability model of emotional intelligence was investigated. Specifically, psychology (n+207) and engineering (n=195) students were compared on the Mayer, Salovey and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test version 2 (MSCEIT). The primary factor structure of the MSCEIT was found to be valid with some revisions needed in terms of the reliability and content of the MSCEIT. The second-order factor structure of the MSCEIT was partially confirmed. In terms of the criterion groups validity of emotional intelligence, psychology students were found to exhibit higher levels of the ability to manage emotions in relationships, the ability to understand emotion as well as the ability to facilitate emotions. Engineering and Psychology students exhibited the same level of general emotional management and the ability to accurately identify emotion. Therefore the construct validity of emotional intelligence was partially confirmed. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The difficulties experienced by children in their middle school age resemble problems with emotional intelligence. It is increased by cultural differences between the child, therapist and social environment. This research problem led to a culturally sensitive Gestalt play therapy intervention programme, to enhance primary school children's emotional intelligence. An intervention was developed, applied and the outcomes thereof studied. The outcomes relate to play therapy techniques, emotional intelligence and cultural sensitivity. The researcher made use of applied research, and thus focused on solving the social problem as stated above, and making a contribution to real life issues. A literature study, related to the concepts of the unit of analysis showed the following: The primary school child has high energy levels and presents concrete reasoning abilities. His self-esteem is based on good interpersonal relationships and achieving tasks. Emotions and other physical and cognitive systems are interdependent. Emotional intelligence is the awareness, management and control of emotions, relate to the functions of the frontal lobes and also to the requirements of a healthy individual according to Gestalt therapy. Culture is connected to the field in Gestalt theory. Cultural sensitivity in this research study meant an attitude of acceptance of cultural differences. Gestalt therapy is based on holism, which includes the environment or field. Gestalt play therapy in a group context was found to be an effective way to teach emotional intelligence skills in a culturally sensitive way to primary school children. The intervention programme was applied to pilot- and research groups, compiled from children who were assessed with the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (Naglieri and Das, 1997a) and who presented weaker frontal lobe processes in relation to their other cognitive skills. The outcomes of the research study identified the most effective Gestalt play therapy techniques, which are: The healing therapeutic relationship The use of experiential learning The Gestalt principle of "biding one's time" The study also delivered some unsuspected outcomes namely a relation between right-hemisphere processes and emotional intelligence. This study is still open for further research relating to the concepts discussed above, the intervention programme as well as the unsuspected outcomes. / Social Work / D.Diac.

This study investigated whether skills development learning programmes specifically internship programme in the public service sector are effective in improving interns’ emotional intelligence competences. A convenience sample of 66 interns was obtained. The interns, two peers and a mentor assessed the intern’s emotional intelligence competencies twice, at the beginning and towards the end of the internship programme with the aid the 360° Emotional and Social Intelligence Inventory (ESCI). A total of 264 participants completed the inventory. Mean competency ratings were compared to determine if there were differences between the first and the second assessments. There were statistically significant differences for Organisational Awareness, Adaptability, Influence, Teamwork, Empathy, Emotional Self Awareness, Conflict Management and Inspirational Leadership. No statistically significant differences were found in the overall development of emotional intelligence based on gender. However, female interns improved more in Emotional Self-Awareness while males improved more in Inspirational Leadership and Coaching. Skills development internship learning programme in the public service appear to be effective in furthering interns’ emotional intelligence competencies at work. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology with Specialisation in Research Consultation)

De nombreuses études ont montré que l'intelligence émotionnelle (IE) permet de prédire différents comportements cognitifs émotionnels et sociaux (Di Fabio, Palazzeschi, Asulin-Peretz et Gati, 2013; Fugate, Kinicki & Ashfort, 2004; Joseph & Newman, 2010; Salovey et Mayer, 1990; Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2004) le bien-être psychologique et physique ainsi que la santé mentale (Martins, Ramalho & Morin, 2010; Schutte, Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Bhullar & Rooke, 2007). En outre, les recherches étudiant les effets des formations en Compétences Émotionnelles (CE) montrent que ces dernières permettent d’améliorer certaines dimensions cognitives, émotionnelles et comportementales liées à la santé (Schutte, Malouff & Thorsteinsson, 2013). Notre recherche examine si (a) les CE peuvent être développée chez les adultes chômeurs, (b) si ces effets de formation sont modérés par la durée du chômage et (c) si les changements en CE contribuent aux changements de bien-être physique et psychologique (étude 1). Nous faisons par ailleurs l’hypothèse que les perspectives d'employabilité des chômeurs adultes peuvent être améliorées après la formation (étude 2). La recherche d'emploi est testée, comme un possible facteur déterminant des effets de l'intervention, de même que nous examinons si les changements en CE sont associés aux des ressources et des stratégies d'adaptation (étude 3). Les résultats montrent un impact différentiel de la formation en fonction de la durée du chômage et de la recherche d'emploi. En outre, le changement dans la CE prédit de façon significative des changements dans le stress perçu, les plaintes somatiques, la santé mentale, les deux dimensions de l'humeur, la satisfaction avec la vie, l'optimisme, la qualité des relations sociales ainsi que les stratégies d'adaptation orientées vers les problèmes. En outre, l'intervention a eu des effets positifs sur l'employabilité perçue, l’employabilité réelle et l'auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale. Les résultats sont discutés au regard du potentiel de développement des CE et de l'efficacité de l'intervention en CE pour les chômeurs. / Numerous studies showed that Emotional Intelligence (EI) is related to and can predict variety of cognitive and behavioural outcomes (Di Fabio, Palazzeschi, Asulin-Peretz & Gati, 2013; Fugate, Kinicki & Ashfort, 2004; Joseph & Newman, 2010; Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2004) and psychological and physical well-being and mental health (Martins, Ramalho & Morin, 2010; Schutte, Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Bhullar & Rooke, 2007). Besides, the results of previous EI or Emotional Competences (EC) trainings showed that EI/EC and different cognitive, behavioral and health-related aspects can be improved and developed (Schutte, Malouff & Thorsteinsson, 2013). Expanding the results of the previous studies, the present study examines whether EC can be developed among unemployed adults, whether the training effects are moderated by the unemployment duration and whether changes in EC can predict changes physical and psychological well-being (Study 1). Second, it is hypothesized that the EC intervention can increase employability prospects of unemployed adults (Study 2). Finally, job search is tested, as a possible determinant of the intervention effects, and whether changes in EC after the intervention can predict changes in positive psychological strengths and adaptive coping strategies (Study 3). The results showed a differential impact of the training depending on the unemployment duration and job search. Besides, change in EC significantly predicted changes in perceived stress, somatic complaints, mental health, two mood dimensions, satisfaction with life, optimism, quality of social relationships and problem oriented coping strategies. Besides, the intervention had positive effects on self-perceived employability, reemployment success and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The results are discussed focusing on the potential of EC development and the effectiveness of the EC interventions for different life outcomes of unemployed people. / Numerosos estudios han demostrado que la Inteligencia Emocional (IE) está vinculada y que puede predecir la variedad de resultados cognitivos y conductuales (Di Fabio, Palazzeschi, Asulin-Peretz y Gati, 2013; Fugate, Kinicki y Ashfort, 2004; José y Newman, 2010; Van Rooy y Viswesvaran, 2004) y el bienestar físico, psicológico y la salud mental (Martins, Ramalho y Morin, 2010; Schutte, Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Bhullar y Rooke, 2007). Además, los resultados de los entrenamientos anteriores basados en la IE o las Competencias Emocionales (CE) mostraron que la IE/CE y diferentes aspectos cognitivos, conductuales y de salud pueden ser mejorados y desarrollados (Schutte, Malouff y Thorsteinsson, 2013). Ampliando los resultados de los estudios previos, el presente estudio examina si las CE se pueden desarrollar entre los adultos desempleados, si los efectos del entrenamiento son modulados por la duración del desempleo y si los cambios en las CE pueden predecir los cambios en bienestar físico y psicológico (Estudio 1). En segundo lugar, se plantea la hipótesis de que la intervención en las CE puede aumentar las perspectivas de empleabilidad de los adultos desempleados (Estudio 2). Por último, se analiza la búsqueda de empleo, como un posible factor determinante de los efectos de la intervención, y si los cambios en las CE después de la intervención pueden predecir los cambios en las fortalezas psicológicas positivas y estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativo (Estudio 3). Los resultados mostraron un impacto diferencial del entrenamiento en función de la duración del desempleo y de la búsqueda de trabajo. Además, los cambios en las CE predijeron significativamente los cambios en la percepción de estrés, quejas somáticas, salud mental, dos dimensiones del estado de ánimo, satisfacción con la vida, optimismo, calidad de las relaciones sociales así como las estrategias de afrontamiento orientadas al problema. Además, la intervención tuvo efectos positivos en la percepción subjetiva de la empleabilidad, el éxito real en encontrar empleo y en la autoeficacia emprendedora. Los resultados se discuten centrando en el potencial de desarrollo de las CE y de la eficacia de la intervención en CE para diferentes resultados de la vida de las personas desempleadas.

Text in Afrikaans / No specific measuring instrument to determine the emotions of primary school Pupils exists. There is nevertheless a dire need for a reliable measuring instrument for this purpose. Initially a literature study was undertaken and emotions from the developmental stages of primary school pupils were identified and described. An existing instrument of measurement for personality, the Emotions Profile Index (EPI), was adapted and implemented as a new measurement instrument to determine the emotions of primary learners. Questionnaires were completed by the parents of 144 grade 3 and 4 pupils during an empirical investigation. The degree of reliability of the new measurement instrument is particularly high. Stanines were developed for each of the different emotions. The conclusion arrived at is that the education psychologist can implement the newly adapted EPI as diagnostic instrument and conduct the planning of his therapy accordingly / Daar bestaan nie 'n sp sifieke meetinstrument wat primere leerders se emosies kan bepaal nie. 'n Groot behoefte bestaan egter aan s6 'n betroubare meetinstrument. 'n Bestaande meetinstrument vir die meting van persoonlikheid, naamlik die Emotions Profile Index (EPI) is as nuwe meetinstrument vir die meting van emosies van primere leerders aangepas en ge"implementeer. Die vraelyste is tydens 'n empiriese ondersoek deur die ouers van 144 graad 3 en 4 leerders voltooi. Die betroubaarheid van die nuwe meetinstrument is besonder haag en staneges is oak vir die onderskeie emosies, antwerp. Die slotsom waartoe gekom is, is dat die opvoedkundige sielkundige die nuut aangepaste EPI as diagnostiseringsmiddel kan aanwend en sy terapiebeplanning hiervolgens kan doen. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Facilitating forgiveness: an NLP approach to forgiving is an attempt at uncovering features of the blocks that prevent people to forgive. These blocks to forgiveness can be detected in the real life situations of the six individuals who told me their stories. The inner thoughts, feelings and the subsequent behaviour that prevented them from forgiving others is clearly uncovered in their stories. The facilitation process highlights the features that created the blocks in the past thus preventing forgiveness to occur. The blocks with their accompanying features reveal what needs to be clarified or changed in order to eventually enable the hurt individuals to forgive those who have hurt them. The application of discourse analysis to the stories of hurt highlights the links between the real life stories of the individuals within their contexts with regard to unforgiveness to the research findings of the existing body of knowledge, thereby creating a complexly interwoven comprehensive understanding of the individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in conjunction with their developmental phases within their socio-cultural contexts. Neuro-linguistic-programming (NLP) is the instrument with which forgiving is facilitated in the six individuals who expressed their conscious desire to forgive, because they were unable to do so on their own. Their emotions had the habit of keeping them in a place in which they were forced to relive the hurtful event as if it were happening in the present. Arresting the process of reliving negative emotions requires a new way of being in this world. The assumption that this can be learnt is based on the results from a previous study, in which forgiveness was uncovered by means of the grounded theory approach as a cognitive process (Von Krosigk, 2000). The results from the previous research in conjunction with the results and insights from this research study are presented in the form of a grounded theory model of forgiveness. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / Health care has typical challenges and stress factors as employees deal with people in a very personal manner. This exclusively client-centred environment requires special skills from employees if they wish to perform well. In addition to excellent interpersonal and stress management skills, they need to be able to handle their own and patients' emotions well. These skills can be referred to as emotional intelligence competencies. Emotional intelligence is a relatively new concept with many possibilities if applied correctly. This study involves 114 employees, their colleagues and supervisors in two health-care organisations. The 360° Emotional Competency Profiler was used together with the internal performance evaluation scores, and statistical techniques such as t-tests and discriminant analysis were utilized. It was found that certain emotional intelligence dimensions and work performance are related to a certain extent. However, other factors also need to be considered if one wants to make predictions in this regard. / Die gesondheidsorgomgewing het unieke uitdagings en stresfaktore omdat werknemers op 'n baie persoonlike vlak met mense werk. Die uitsluitlik klientgesentreerde omgewing verg spesiale vaardighede indien werknemers goed wil presteer. Buiten uitstekende interpersoonlike- en streshanteringsvaardighede, moet hulle ook in staat wees om hulle eie en huile pasiente se gevoelens te kan hanteer. Hierdie vaardighede kan na verwys word as emosionele intelligensievaardighede. Emosionele intelligensie is 'n relatief nuwe konsep wat baie toepassingsmoontlikhede het indien dit reg aangewend word. Hierdie studie betrek 114 beskikbare werknemers en hulle kollegas en toesighouers in twee gesondheidsorgorganisasies. Die 360° Emotional Competency Profiler is saam met die interne prestasie-beoordelingstellings gebruik en daar is gebruik gemaak van statistiese tegnieke soos f-toetse en diskriminantontleding. Daar is bevind dat sekere emosionele intelligensie dimensies in 'n sekere mate 'n onderlinge verband toon met werksprestasie. Ander faktore moet egter ook in ag geneem word indien mens 'n voorspelling in hierdie verband wil maak. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Emotional intelligence has attracted a considerable amount of attention over the past few years specifically with regard to the nature of the underlying construct and the reliability and validity of the psychometric tools used to measure the construct. The present study explored the reliability and validity of a trait measure of EI in relation to an ability measure in order to determine whether the tools can be considered as measuring conceptually valid constructs within an occupational environment. The study also examined the overlap with a trait measure of cognitive thinking styles to determine the potential for separating the trait and ability EI into two unique and distinguishable constructs. Participants included 308 employees from four different workforces within a diverse South African consulting firm. The results of the study identified a number of psychometric concerns regarding the structural fidelity of the instruments as well as concerns about the cultural bias evident in both measurement instruments. Evidence for the discriminant and incremental validity of the two instruments was, however, provided and recommendations are made for the reconceptualisation of trait EI as an emotional competence and ability EI as an emotional intelligence. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / Health care has typical challenges and stress factors as employees deal with people in a very personal manner. This exclusively client-centred environment requires special skills from employees if they wish to perform well. In addition to excellent interpersonal and stress management skills, they need to be able to handle their own and patients' emotions well. These skills can be referred to as emotional intelligence competencies. Emotional intelligence is a relatively new concept with many possibilities if applied correctly. This study involves 114 employees, their colleagues and supervisors in two health-care organisations. The 360° Emotional Competency Profiler was used together with the internal performance evaluation scores, and statistical techniques such as t-tests and discriminant analysis were utilized. It was found that certain emotional intelligence dimensions and work performance are related to a certain extent. However, other factors also need to be considered if one wants to make predictions in this regard. / Die gesondheidsorgomgewing het unieke uitdagings en stresfaktore omdat werknemers op 'n baie persoonlike vlak met mense werk. Die uitsluitlik klientgesentreerde omgewing verg spesiale vaardighede indien werknemers goed wil presteer. Buiten uitstekende interpersoonlike- en streshanteringsvaardighede, moet hulle ook in staat wees om hulle eie en huile pasiente se gevoelens te kan hanteer. Hierdie vaardighede kan na verwys word as emosionele intelligensievaardighede. Emosionele intelligensie is 'n relatief nuwe konsep wat baie toepassingsmoontlikhede het indien dit reg aangewend word. Hierdie studie betrek 114 beskikbare werknemers en hulle kollegas en toesighouers in twee gesondheidsorgorganisasies. Die 360° Emotional Competency Profiler is saam met die interne prestasie-beoordelingstellings gebruik en daar is gebruik gemaak van statistiese tegnieke soos f-toetse en diskriminantontleding. Daar is bevind dat sekere emosionele intelligensie dimensies in 'n sekere mate 'n onderlinge verband toon met werksprestasie. Ander faktore moet egter ook in ag geneem word indien mens 'n voorspelling in hierdie verband wil maak. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

L'étude de ce que l'on nomme « rhétorique musicale » nous semble pouvoir offrir un éclairage spécifique sur la question de la musique et des émotions. En effet, les deux champs de réflexion en philosophie de la musique dont il est question font l'objet d'un intérêt qui se manifeste au cours de ces dernières années. Aussi, nous considérons que la rhétorique musicale et le phénomène particulier de la poétique musicale germanique sont de nature à structurer une telle étude, tant par les choix qu'ils présupposent (comme le fait que les émotions y sont un moyen destiné à produire un effet) que par ceux qu'ils délaissent. Notre recherche suivra les trois principales étapes suivantes : (a) une étude des aspects de la question antérieurs à la musica poetica (dans la Grèce antique, dans la liturgie luthérienne, dans la théorie musicale italienne) ; (b) un examen détaillé du thème des passions dans les traités de l’Allemagne baroque ; (c) un parcours concernant l’évolution de la question jusqu’aux débats actuels. / Studying “musical rhetoric” seems likely to bring some specific light about the topic of music and emotions. Both fields of research in philosophy of music involved arouse an interest, especially last years. Therefore, we regard musical rhetoric and the distinctive phenomenon of German musical poetics as able to structure such a studying, through choices they suppose (for example, the fact that emotions are means for have an effect) and choices they leave. Our investigation includes the three main following parts: (a) some study about facets of the subject prior to musica poetica (in Ancient Greece, in Lutheran liturgy, in Italian theory of music); (b) some detailed examination about the topic of passions in German baroque treatises; (c) a review regarding evolution of the subject up to current discusses..