Les systèmes sur puces dans le domaine des communications numériques deviennent extrêmement diversifiés et complexes avec la constante émergence de nouveaux standards et de nouvelles applications. Dans ce domaine, le turbo-décodeur est l'un des composants les plus exigeants en termes de calcul, de communication et de mémoire, donc de consommation d'énergie. Outre les exigences de performances croissantes, les nouveaux systèmes de communications numériques imposent une interopérabilité multi-standard qui introduit la nouvelle exigence de flexibilité de l'implémentation. Dans ce contexte, des travaux récents ont proposé l'utilisation du nouveau concept de processeurs à jeu d'instructions dédié à l'application (ASIP). Un tel modèle d'architecture permet au concepteur d'affiner librement le compromis flexibilité/performance tel que requis par l'application considérée. Toutefois, l'efficacité architecturale des processeurs dédiés à l'application est directement liée au jeu d'instruction défini ainsi qu'au taux d'utilisation des étages de pipeline. La plupart des travaux proposés récemment ne considèrent pas ces aspects explicitement. Par conséquent, ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans l'objectif principal d'unifier l'approche orientée sur la flexibilité et celle orientée sur l'optimalité dans la conception de décodeurs de canal. Dans cet objectif, plusieurs contributions ont été proposées : (1) conception d'un turbo-décodeur multi-standard basé sur le concept ASIP assurant une efficacité architecturale élevée en bit/cycle/iteration/mm2, (2) optimisation de la vitesse de reconfiguration dynamique de l'ASIP proposé supportant tous les paramètres spécifiés dans les normes 3GPP-LTE/WiMAX/DVB-RCS, (3) conception d'entrelaceurs ARP et QPP de faible complexité pour le schéma de décodage de type papillon avec la technique de compression de treillis de type Radix4 et (4) proposition et mise en oeuvre d'un prototype FPGA de système de communication complet intégrant le turbo-décodeur multi-standard proposé. De plus, une première contribution a été proposée vers la conception d'une architecture multi-ASIP flexible et extensible supportant le décodage des turbocodes et des codes LDPC.

This thesis is dedicated to the study of the OFDM/OQAM modulation as an alternative to the OFDM modulation. We treat more especially the multi-user environment. In this respect, synchronization aspects are crucial. The different options plus the choice of the waveform are examined in this point of view. Another objective is to precisely show how the OFDM/OQAM can be adapted to a cellular transmission type, taking as reference the 3GPP/LTE system. The main contributions we have made are : 1) Analysis of the desynchronization phenomena : we analyze the effect of desynchronization, according to the time and frequency axes, on the performance of OFDM/OQAM at the receiver side. 2) Synchronization method : we analyze a method of temporal synchronization defined in a single user OFDM/OQAM transmission and we adapt it to a multi-user scenario type. 3) Proposing for a multiple access scheme : we propose a multiple access scheme based on theOFDM/OQAM modulation, alternative to the known techniques OFDMA and SC-FDMA, for the UL transmission in a 3GPP/LTE context.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-02T12:36:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroMaiaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 2069422 bytes, checksum: 1a983f5131609d3cf7fe3bd96b0ef27d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-04T13:34:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroMaiaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 2069422 bytes, checksum: 1a983f5131609d3cf7fe3bd96b0ef27d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T13:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroMaiaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 2069422 bytes, checksum: 1a983f5131609d3cf7fe3bd96b0ef27d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a aplica??o de redes LTE no espectro ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) e seu consequente impacto sobre tecnologias comumente coexistentes na mesma faixa de frequ?ncia. Inicialmente, ? realizada uma elucida??o te?rica sobre as regulamenta??es que envolvem o uso de espectro n?o-licenciado. Na sequ?ncia, s?o apresentadas as principais solu??es de coexist?ncia do LTE nesse meio, destacando-se o mecanismo recentemente padronizado pelo 3GPP, o LTE-LBT, e tecnologias espec?ficas de empresas pioneiras na ?rea, tais como a solu??o LTE-DC. Como elemento pr?tico complementar ? investiga??o te?rica inicial, s?o desenvolvidas an?lises de desempenho das respectivas solu??es utilizando o simulador ns-3. A novidade do trabalho ? materializada pela apresenta??o de uma proposta de solu??o para o mecanismo Carrier-Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT). Essa solu??o, baseada em aprendizado de m?quina, visa melhorar o desempenho conjunto dos sistemas que coexistem na faixa ISM. Este trabalho tamb?m prop?e uma solu??o de coexist?ncia do LTE-DC consigo pr?prio a partir de uma abordagem utilizando teoria dos jogos. Essas solu??es s?o comparada com as solu??es cl?ssicas e o seus ganhos s?o evidenciado em cen?rios definidos por ?rg?os de padroniza??o mundial. / This work aims to perform a study about the application of LTE networks in ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) spectrum and its impact over technologies that communly coexist in the same frequency range. Initially, it?s made a theoretical elucidation about regulamentations involving the non licensed spectrum usage. In sequence, it?s presented the main LTE coexistence solutions in this field, highlighting the recent mechanism standardized by 3GPP, the LTE-LBT, and specific technologies of pioneering companies in this domain, like LTE-DC solution. As a practical element complementary to the initial theoretical investigation, it?s developed performance analyzes of the respective solutions using ns-3 simulator. The novelty of the work is materialized by the presentation of a solution proposal for the Carrier-Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT). This solution, based on machine learning, aims to improve the joint performance of systems that coexist in the ISM band. This work also propose a solution for LTE-DC self-coexistence by a game theory approach. These solutions are compared to the classical ones and their gains are evidenced in scenarios defined by global standardization institutions.

Digital front-end and Turbo decoder are the two key components in the digital wireless communication system. This thesis will discuss the implementation issues of both digital front-end and Turbo decoder.The structure of digital front-end for multi-standard radio supporting wireless standards such as IEEE802.11n, WiMAX, 3GPP LTE is investigated in the thesis. A top-to-down design methods. 802.11n digital down-converter is designed from Matlab model to VHDL implementation. Both simulation and FPGA prototyping are carried out.As another significant part of the thesis, a parallel Turbo decoder is designed and implemented for 3GPPLTE. The block size supported ranges from 40 to 6144 and the maximum number of iteration is eight.The Turbo decoder will use eight parallel SISO units to reach a throughput up to 150Mits.

Today wireless transmission of data is becoming more and more popular and the need for faster transmission rates is increasing. Since the bandwidth is limited it is important to try to use it to the fullest. CDMA is a technology that allows multiple accesses on the same frequency and time thus making it very bandwidth efficient. The CDMA technology was first introduced in the second generation’s cellular systems but has since then been improved and is reused in today’s 3G systems as Wideband CDMA. ISY is interested in getting a behavioural model of a W-CDMA system since they had developed a DSP processor called BBP1 and were thinking about adding W-CDMA support for it. Even though our system is not implemented on the BBP1 it should provide a good base for future implementations. This thesis project will describe the construction of a behavioural model of a W-CDMA system following the standard specified by 3GPP. The system simulates W-CDMA transmission and reception and has an optional channel used to simulate real world interference. The receiver uses a rake combiner to improve the performance of the system.

Reliability of data transmission is a fundamental problem in wireless communications. Fading in wireless channels causes the signal strength to vary at the receiver and this results in loss of data packets. To improve the reliability, automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes were introduced. However these ARQ schemes suffer from a reduction in the throughput. To address the throughput reduction, conventional ARQ schemes were combined with forward error correction (FEC) schemes to develop hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes. For improving the reliability of data transmission, HARQ schemes are included in the present wireless standards like LTE, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX. Conventional HARQ systems use the same transmission power and the same number of channel uses in different ARQ rounds. However this is not optimal in terms of minimizing the average transmit power or the average energy spent for successful transmission of a data packet. We address this issue in the first part of the dissertation, where we consider optimal resource allocation in HARQ systems with a limit on the maximum number of allowed transmissions for a data packet. Specifically, we consider the problem of minimizing the packet drop probability (PDP) under an average transmit power constraint or equivalently minimizing the average transmit power under a fixed PDP constraint. We consider both incremental redundancy (IR)-based and Chase combining (CC)-based HARQ systems in our work. For an IR-HARQ system, for the special case of two allowed transmissions for each packet, we provide a solution for the optimal number of channel uses and the optimal power to be used in each ARQ round. For a CC-HARQ system, we solve the problem of optimal power allocation in i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels as well as correlated Rayleigh fading channels. For the CC-HARQ case, we also provide a low complexity geometric programming (GP) solution using an approximation of the outage probability expression. HARQ systems conventionally use one bit acknowledgement (ACK)/negative ACK (NACK) feedback from the receiver to the transmitter. In the 3GPP-LTE systems, one method for sending these HARQ acknowledgement bits is to jointly code them with the other control signaling information using a specified Reed-Muller code consisting of 20 coded bits. Even though the resources used for sending this control signaling information can inherently provide a diversity gain, the Reed-Muller code with such a short block size is not good at extracting all of the available diversity. To address this issue, in the second part of this dissertation, we propose two new methods: i) based on complex-field coding (CFC), and ii) using repetition across frequency bands, to extract the inherent diversity available in the channel resources and improve the error protection for the HARQ acknowledgement bits along with the other control signaling information. In the second part of the dissertation, we also propose a new signal space diversity (SSD) scheme, which results in transmit signals having constant envelope (CE). The proposed CE-SSD scheme results in a better overall power efficiency due to the reduced back-off requirements on the radio frequency power amplifier. Moreover, the proposed CE-SSD technique can be useful for application scenarios involving transmission of small number of information bits, such as in the case of control signaling information transmission. In conventional HARQ systems, during the retransmission phase, the channel resources are exclusively used for the retransmitted data packet. This is not optimal in terms of efficient resource utilization. For efficient utilization of channel resources during the retransmissions, a superposition coding (SPC) based HARQ scheme was proposed in the literature. In an SPC based HARQ system, an erroneous packet is transmitted together with a new data packet by superposition in the Euclidean space. In the final part of this dissertation, we study performance of different bits-to-symbol mappings for such an SPC based HARQ system.

In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird eine LTE Cell Search Procedure auf Basis von SDR entwickelt, um eine Synchronisation mit einem LTE-System in Zeit und Frequenz zu erreichen. Dabei werden mehrere Verarbeitungsblöcke implementiert, die zur LTE Cell Search Procedure gehören. Diese beinhalten die Erkennung des Integer Frequency Offsets (IFO), Primary Synchronisation Signals (PSS), Fractional Frequency Offset (FFO) und des Secondary Synchronisation Signals (SSS). Die Arbeit umfasst eine Literaturrecherche, die Implementierung der Verarbeitungsblöcke, die Simulation verschiedener Szenarien, statistische Analysen und die Anwendung auf ein gemessenes LTE-Signal. Sie liefert Antworten auf spezifische Forschungsfragen zur Effizienz, zum Einfluss des SNR und des CFO, sowie zur Eignung für reale LTE-Systeme. Darüber hinaus wird ein Ausblick auf mögliche Anwendungen im Kontext von 5G NR, WLAN und Erweiterungen gegeben.:Kurzfassung.................................... III Abbildungsverzeichnis .............................. VII Tabellenverzeichnis................................ VIII Codeverzeichnis.................................. IX Abkürzungsverzeichnis .............................. X Symbolverzeichnis ................................ XIV 1. Einleitung................................... 1 1.1. Forschungsfragen ............................ 1 1.2. Untersuchungsdesign .......................... 2 2. Grundlagen .................................. 3 2.1. Zadoff-Chu (ZC)-Sequenzen ...................... 3 2.2. Maximum Length (M)-Sequenzen................... 5 2.3. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ................ 7 2.4. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM): Kanal und Equalization............................... 10 2.5. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM): Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO).......................... 11 2.6. Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO)-Erkennung ................... 14 2.7. Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) und Spektrogramm ......... 16 2.8. Software Defined Radio (SDR) .................... 17 2.9. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-Long Term Evolution (LTE).................................. 18 3. Praktische Untersuchung ........................... 23 3.1. Simulationsumgebung ......................... 27 3.2. Software Defined Radio (SDR)-basierte Long Term Evolution (LTE)- Messung................................. 29 3.3. Integer Carrier Frequency Offset (IFO)-Erkennung ............ 30 3.4. Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)-Erkennung .............. 38 3.5. Fractional Carrier Frequency Offset (FFO)-Erkennung ........ 44 3.6. Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)-Erkennung ............ 49 3.7. Simulation der gesamten Implementierung .................... 57 4. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick ....................... 62 Literaturverzeichnis................................ 65

La télécommunication radio mobile connait actuellement une évolution importante en termes de diversité de technologies et de services fournis à l'utilisateur final. Il apparait que cette diversité complexifie les réseaux cellulaires et les opérations d'optimisation manuelle du paramétrage deviennent de plus en plus compliquées et couteuses. Par conséquent, les couts d'exploitation du réseau augmentent corrélativement pour les operateurs. Il est donc essentiel de simplifier et d'automatiser ces taches, ce qui permettra de réduire les moyens consacrés à l'optimisation manuelle des réseaux. De plus, en optimisant ainsi de manière automatique les réseaux mobiles déployés, il sera possible de retarder les opérations de densification du réseau et l'acquisition de nouveaux sites. Le paramétrage automatique et optimal permettra donc aussi d'étaler voire même de réduire les investissements et les couts de maintenance du réseau. Cette thèse introduit de nouvelles méthodes de paramétrage automatique (auto-tuning) des algorithmes RRM (Radio Resource Management) dans les réseaux mobiles 3G et au delà du 3G. L'auto-tuning est un processus utilisant des outils de contrôle comme les contrôleurs de logique floue et d'apprentissage par renforcement. Il ajuste les paramètres des algorithmes RRM afin d'adapter le réseau aux fluctuations du trafic. Le fonctionnement de l'auto-tuning est basé sur une boucle de régulation optimale pilotée par un contrôleur qui est alimenté par les indicateurs de qualité du réseau. Afin de trouver le paramétrage optimal du réseau, le contrôleur maximise une fonction d'utilité, appelée aussi fonction de renforcement. Quatre cas d'études sont décrits dans cette thèse. Dans un premier temps, l'auto-tuning de l'algorithme d'allocation des ressources radio est présenté. Afin de privilégier les utilisateurs du service temps réel (voix), une bande de garde est réservée pour eux. Cependant dans le cas ou le trafic temps réel est faible, il est important d'exploiter cette ressource pour d'autres services. L'auto-tuning permet donc de faire un compromis optimal de la qualité perçue dans chaque service en adaptant les ressources réservées en fonction du trafic de chaque classe du service. Le second cas est l'optimisation automatique et dynamique des paramètres de l'algorithme du soft handover en UMTS. Pour l'auto-tuning du soft handover, un contrôleur est implémenté logiquement au niveau du RNC et règle automatiquement les seuils de handover en fonction de la charge radio de chaque cellule ainsi que de ses voisines. Cette approche permet d'équilibrer la charge radio entre les cellules et ainsi augmenter implicitement la capacité du réseau. Les simulations montrent que l'adaptation des seuils du soft handover en UMTS augmente la capacité de 30% par rapport au paramétrage fixe. L'approche de l'auto-tuning de la mobilité en UMTS est étendue pour les systèmes LTE (3GPP Long Term Evolution) mais dans ce cas l'auto-tuning est fondé sur une fonction d'auto-tuning préconstruite. L'adaptation des marges de handover en LTE permet de lisser les interférences intercellulaires et ainsi augmenter le débit perçu pour chaque utilisateur du réseau. Finalement, un algorithme de mobilité adaptative entre les deux technologies UMTS et WLAN est proposé. L'algorithme est orchestré par deux seuils, le premier est responsable du handover de l'UMTS vers le WLAN et l'autre du handover dans le sens inverse. L'adaptation de ces deux seuils permet une exploitation optimale et conjointe des ressources disponibles dans les deux technologies. Les résultats de simulation d'un réseau multi-systèmes exposent également un gain important en capacité.

Over the past two decades the mobile wireless communication systems has been growing fast and continuously. Therefore, the standardization bodies together with wireless researchers and mobile operators around the globe have been constantly working on new technical specifications in order to meet the demand for this rapid growth. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) one of the largest of such standardization bodies, works on developing the current third generation (3G) mobile telecommunication systems towards the future 4th generation. Research towards meeting the higher demands for higher data rates was the main reason for the birth of an evolution technology towards the 4th generation mobile systems. This evolution to the current 3rd generation UMTS systems was given the name E-UTRA/UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) by the 3GPP. This thesis research has been carried out at the Telecommunications Research Center (ftw.) in Vienna. It was conducted in the framework of the C10 project “Wireless Evolution Beyond 3G”. One of the fields of research within this project is to have a special focus on the OFDM modulation schemes that are discussed under the new evolution technology (LTE) of the UMTS mobile networks. Therefore, this thesis focuses mainly in analyzing the new requirements, and evaluating them by designing a low-complexity UMTS-LTE OFDM based transceiver. This thesis aims mainly in studying the feasibility of this technology by means of simulation. / Tel: +46-704469795 Email: osman@ftw.at,amos04@student.bth.se, ammarmao@gmail.com

Thesis concerns with mobile communications theory with focus on data transfer. In the introduction the history, the origin and individual mobile systems generations are described. It is followed by detailed description of second, third and fourth generation mobile systems. Frequency band allocation, signal processing, the system architecture itself, security management and basic features are also discussed. The GSM system is described together with individual data transmission types based on circuit switching – CSD and HSCSD and packet switching – GPRS and EDGE. For UMTS, FDD and TDD modes are listed as well as changes in individual releases, corresponding technologies and provided services. Next, there is the description of LTE and WiMAX systems, together with their improvements whose are part of the fourth generation of mobile systems. Last of the described systems is the still work in progress HAPS, also known as the system of stratospheric platforms. In the end important parameters are summarized and systems are compared with each other.