The adsorption isotherms can be used to study the properties of a sorbent and to determine the binding energy between a sorbent and a gas that is adsorbed on it. This study that was carried out on a metal organic framework called "Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8" (ZIF-8) as the sorbent. ZIF -8 is known to have a flexible structure and it has shown structural transformation during gas adsorption, at different temperatures. During this study, ZIF-8 was explored using Xenon adsorption. The range of temperatures for the Xenon adsorption isotherms was between 138 K and 157.56 K. During the adsorption of Xenon on ZIF -8 the lowest two isotherms (138 K and 140.39 K) showed two steps. The lower pressure step represents adsorption of Xenon on the "as - produced" ZIF-8. The extra step reflects the structural transition ("gate opening") that occurs due to the re-orientation of the organic linkers in ZIF-8. These changes increase the diameter of the apertures in the structure, and allow more gas molecules to enter in to the ZIF -8 structure. The Xenon adsorption isotherms were also used to determine the effective surface area of ZIF -8 by employing the "point B" method. The binding energy between Xenon and ZIF -8 was found using the isosteric heat for Xenon on ZIF-8 at low coverage. The kinetics of the Xenon adsorption was also studied during this experiment.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Colégio Doutoral Franco Brasileiro (CDFB) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A principal diferença entre Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) típica (tEPEC) e atípica (aEPEC) é a presença do plasmídeo EAF (EPEC adherence factor) apenas em tEPEC. Apesar de os dois grupos promoverem uma lesão denominada attaching and effacing (lesão A/E) no epitélio intestinal, algumas diferenças em relação aos demais mecanismos de virulência podem existir. Neste estudo, duas amostras selvagens de aEPEC (1711-4, sorotipo O51:H40, e 3991-1, O não tipável, não móvel) foram analisadas quanto à capacidade de aderir, invadir, persistir e induzir a produção de IL-8 em células intestinais T84 e Caco-2, diferenciadas in vitro. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos com a amostra protótipo de tEPEC E2348/69. O papel do flagelo nos processos de adesão, invasão e indução da produção de IL-8 e de um sistema de secreção tipo III (SST3) na indução da produção de IL-8 foram também investigados com aEPEC 1711-4, utilizando-se mutantes isogênicos deficientes em flagelina ou EscN, respectivamente. As amostras aEPEC 3991-1 e 1711-4 aderiram significativamente mais às células T84 do que em Caco-2. Entretanto, aEPEC 1711-4 foi mais invasiva do que aEPEC 3991-1 e tEPEC E2348/69. Além disso, as amostras de aEPEC persistiram em ambas as linhagens celulares por um mínimo de 48 h, mas o índice de persistência foi maior para aEPEC 3991-1 em células Caco-2. Nesta linhagem celular, a produção de IL-8 foi significativamente maior nos tapetes celulares infectados com a amostra selvagem aEPEC 1711-4 em 3 h do que naqueles infectados com as demais amostras. Além disso, o mutante aEPEC 1711-4 ΔfliC induziu menor estimulação da produção de IL-8 em fase precoce (3 h), mas não no período tardio (24 h) após infecção. O mutante aEPEC 1711-4 ΔescN estimulou níveis de IL-8, em três horas, significativamente mais elevados do que a amostra selvagem, o que sugere um papel antiinflamatório dos efetores injetados pelo SST3 durante a fase inicial da interação bactéria-célula hospedeira. Nossos achados indicam que aEPEC é um patotipo heterogêneo quanto a sua habilidade de aderir, invadir, persistir e induzir a produção de IL-8, e sugerem que algumas aEPEC podem ser mais eficientes em induzir resposta inflamatória do que a tEPEC protótipo E2348/69. Na infecção de enterócitos in vitro, a integridade do flagelo da aEPEC 1711-4 é necessária para adesão e invasão eficientes e estimulação precoce, mas não tardia, da produção de IL-8. / The main difference between typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC) enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is the presence of EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid in tEPEC. Although both groups can promote attaching and effacing lesions in the intestinal epithelium, some differences concerning virulence mechanisms may exist. In this study two wild type aEPEC strains (1711-4, serotype O51:H40 and 3991-1, O non typeable non motile) were analyzed concerning their capacity to adhere to, invade, persist and stimulate IL-8 production by differentiated epithelial intestinal cells Caco-2 and T84 in vitro. Results obtained with aEPEC strains were compared to those obtained with the tEPEC prototype strain E2348/69. The role of flagellum in adhesion, invasion and stimulation of IL-8 production and that of a type III secretion system (T3SS) were also investigated with aEPEC 1711-4, using isogenic mutants deficient in flagellin or EscN, respectively. aEPEC strains 3991-1 and 1711-4 adhered significantly more to T84 than to Caco-2 cells. On the other hand, aEPEC 1711-4 was more invasive than aEPEC 3991-1 and tEPEC E2348/69. Besides that, aEPEC strains persisted in both cell lineages for a minimum of 48 hours, although this index was higher for aEPEC 3991-1 in Caco-2 cells. In this cell lineage, IL-8 production was significantly higher in monolayers infected with the wild type aEPEC strain 1711-4 in 3 hours after infection than in those monolayers infected with other strains. Moreover, the aEPEC mutant 1711-4 ΔfliC induced lower IL-8 levels in early phase (3 h) but not at late phase (24 h). The aEPEC mutant 1711-4 ΔescN stimulated IL-8 levels, in early phase, significantly higher than that induced by the wild type strain, indicating an anti-inflammatory role for the effectors injected by the T3SS during the initial interaction between bacteria and host cell. Our findings indicate that aEPEC is a heterogeneous group of pathogens concerning their ability to adhere to, invade, persist and stimulate IL-8 production and suggests that some aEPEC are more prone to induce inflammatory response than the prototype tEPEC strain E2348/69. In the in vitro infection model of enterocytes, the integrity of flagella of aEPEC 1711-4 is necessary for efficient adhesion, invasion and early but not late stimulation of IL-8 production. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

A prospecção e síntese de novos derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina está em ascensão devido às suas diversas atividades biológicas. Neste trabalho é relatada a síntese e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de novos derivados contendo uma sulfonamida substituída na posição 5 da 8-hidroxiquinolina ou um grupamento aminossubstituído na posição 7 da 5-cloro-8-hidroxiquinolina ou 5-cloro-8-metoxiquinolina. Os derivados 5-sulfonamidas foram preparados por clorossulfonação seguida da reação com a amina apropriada. Os derivados 7-aminossubstituído foram sintetizados através da metilação da hidroxila da posição 8, seguida da reação de cross-coupling catalisada por paládio e desmetilação. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada através do método de microdiluição em caldo. Dentre os compostos sintetizados, 5a (da série 5-sulfonamidas) foi o mais potente, sendo ativo contra todas as espécies fúngicas testadas, além de apresentar importante atividade contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, e baixa toxicidade contra células VERO. Isso sugere que a introdução de um grupamento retirador de elétrons em para no substituinte arila da posição 5 é importante para a atividade antimicrobiana. Ainda, a nanoemulsão preparada contendo 5a manteve a atividade antifúngica da substância contra espécies de Candida spp. A série 7-aminossubstituído também apresentou resultados muito interessantes. Desta série, o composto 5i foi o mais potente. Isso sugere que grupamentos heterocíclicos hidrofílicos na posição 7 podem favorecer a atividade antifúngica. A presença da hidroxila livre na posição 8 parece ser essencial para a atividade antifúngica, pois os derivados protegidos por uma metila foram pouco ativos. Os derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina 5a e 5i podem ser considerados para estudos posteriores na busca de novos agentes antimicrobianos. / The synthesis and screening of new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives is growing, due to their various biological activities. In this work, the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new derivatives containing a substituted 5-sulfonamide in the 8-hydroxyquinoline or a substituted amino group at the 7-position of the 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline or 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline is reported. The 5-sulfonamide derivatives were prepared by chlorosulfonation followed by the reaction with the appropriate amine. The 7-amino derivatives were synthesized by methylation of the 8-hydroxyquinoline, followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and demethylation. The antimicrobial evaluation was tested by the broth microdilution method. Among all the prepared compounds, 5a (from the 5-sulfonamide series) was the most potent, being active against all the fungal species tested, while also showing important activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, and low toxicity against VERO cells. This suggests that the introduction of an electron-withdrawing group at para-position of the N-aryl substituent is important for the activity. In addition, the prepared 5a nanoemulsion maintained the antifungal activity of the compound against Candida spp. The 7-amino series has also presented interesting results. In this series, 5i was the most potent compound. This suggests that the hydrophilic heterocyclic substituent at the 7-position was favorable to antifungal activity. The presence of the free hydroxyl at the 8-position is important for the antifungal activity, since the methyl-protected derivatives were poorly active. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives 5a and 5i may be considered for further studies in the search for novel antimicrobial agents.

Master of Science / Department of Chemical Engineering / Jennifer L. Anthony / Zeolite refers to a microporous material, which is also called a molecular sieve. There are three major industrial applications of zeolites: adsorbents, ion exchangers, and catalysts; and many other minor applications including: sensors, agriculture, medicine, veterinary, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, microreactors, membrane reactors, and racemic separations. Today, zeolite is not limited to aluminosilicate. Researchers are attempting to use other species (such as B, Ga, Ge, Ti, and Zn) to replace aluminum in zeolites framework to accomplish particular applications. In 1991, the first zincosilicate zeolite was synthesized by Annen et al.. Currently, only four zincosilicate zeolites have been synthesized. Theoretically, zincosilicate should balance divalent cations better than aluminosilicate zeolites to provide a stronger acid site especially for hydrogen cracking reactions. Large pore VET type VPI-8 (Li₁.₉₁₄Zn₁.₉₁₄Si₁₅.₀₈₆O₃₄) is the most thermal stable of all the zincosilicate zeolites and has low chemicals cost, however, a high crystallinity VPI-8 required prohibitively long synthesis times or seeded synthesis procedures. In this work, a seed-free short time synthesis zincosilicate zeolite VPI-8 is presented. Methane, also known as natural gas, had become the largest abundant carbon reserve today, more than the amount of the fossil fuel including conventional gas, oil, and coal. Unlike fossil fuel, methane can be recycled from landfill. Methane could be used to produce useful and/or expensive chemicals via syngas conversion to fuel, paraffin, methanol, alcohol, and dimethoxyethane. In addition to pathways via a syngas intermediate, methane could react directly to ethylene, formaldehyde, and aromatics. Because syngas preparation and compression usually expends 60-70% of the capital cost and consumes almost all the energy of operation, more and more researchers are exploring direct methane activation. However, the high stability of methane is one of the limitations, and coking is another limitation. In this work, methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) over zincosilicate zeolite Li-VPI-8 and ion exchanged Ni/Li-VPI-8 are investigated, due to the stronger acid site in zincosilicate than aluminosilicate zeolites. This is the first time to study using zincosilicate as catalyst, capitalizing on the more efficient synthesis methods demonstrated in this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T14:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 578629 bytes, checksum: 0e1eef478991e7f411dddd815ac56a75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Furocoumarins (FCs) are an important class of photoactive compounds which may potentially bind to DNA forming intermolecular complexes, and once excited by UVA light (~ 365 nm) they re able to form photoadducts, which may result in mutagenicity and lethality. However, when the 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is added to the post-irradiation plating medium increases the sensitization probably by inhibiting repairs in damaged DNA. The FCs also have a protective effect against UVC (~254 nm) attributed to the inhibition of pyrimidine dimers. FCs associated with UVB light (312 nm), remain few known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the lethal effect of UVB light alone, and combined with solutions of 8-MOP, 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and 3-carbetoxypsoralen (3-CPs) at different concentrations on Staphylococcus aureus growth. We also evaluated the effect of these FCs in the plating medium. Treatment with 8-MOP-UVB and TMP-UVB were more effective in inducing lethality than the UVB treatment alone. Increasing the solution concentration of 8-MOP resulted in a higher mortality while the increase in the concentration of the TMP led to a reduction in the lethality. For other hand, 3-CPs displayed a photoprotective effect against UVB damage in all concentrations tested. The results of FCs in the plating medium showed that the 8-MOP induzed a higher lethal effect and also increased mortality from bacterial strain treated by FC-UVB. The different behaviors shown by FCs may be related with differences in the sequence specificity of binding and photoreaction, inhibition of pyrimidine dimers formation by intercalated molecules and efficacy of repair systems. These results emphasize the need for further studies to elucidate the participation of FCs as photosensitizing and photoprotective agents in biological systems, when combined with UVB. / As furocumarinas (FCs) são uma importante classe de compostos fotoativos que potencialmente podem se ligar ao DNA formando complexos intermoleculares, e uma vez excitados por luz UVA (~365 nm) são capazes de formar fotoadições, que podem resultar em mutagênese e letalidade. Porém, quando a 8-metoxipsoraleína (8-MOP) está adicionada ao meio de plaqueamento pós-irradiação aumenta a sensibilidade provavelmente por inibir reparo de lesões no DNA. As FCs também possuem efeito protetor contra UVC (~254 nm) atribuído à inibição da formação de dímeros de pirimidina. As FCs associadas à UVB (312 nm) permanecem pouco conhecidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito da luz UVB, e combinada com soluções de 8-MOP, 4,5 ,8-trimetilpsoraleína (TMP) e 3-carbetoxipsoraleína (3-CPs) em diferentes concentrações, sobre o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus. Avaliamos também o efeito destas FCs em meio de plaqueamento. O tratamento com 8-MOP-UVB e TMP-UVB foram mais eficazes em induzir letalidade do que o tratamento apenas com UVB. O aumento da concentração de 8-MOP resultou em mortalidade mais elevada enquanto que o aumento na concentração de TMP levou a redução na mortalidade. Por outro lado, 3-CPs exibiu efeito fotoprotetor contra danos causados por UVB em todas as concentrações testadas. Os resultados com FCs no meio de plaqueamento mostraram que a 8-MOP induziu o maior efeito letal e também aumentou a mortalidade da cepa bacteriana tratada por FC-UVB. Os diferentes efeitos apresentados pelas FCs podem estar relacionados com diferenças na especificidade por seqüência de ligação e fotorreação, a inibição da formação de dímeros de pirimidina por moléculas intercaladas e eficácia de sistemas de reparo. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de mais estudos para elucidar a participação das FCs como agentes fotossensibilizantes e fotoprotetores em sistemas biológicos, quando combinadas com UVB.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) à uma fruta tropical encontrada na regiÃo que compreende a parte central do Brasil e o Nordeste da Argentina. Este fruto possui baixo conteÃdo de lipÃdios, sendo rico em vitaminas e compostos bioativos, como os polifenÃis e carotenÃides. Devido ao uso da pitangueira na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos cientÃficos sobre as propriedades antioxidantes e antiinflamatÃrias da pitanga roxa, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar essas caracterÃsticas na polpa e no suco tropical de pitanga roxa adoÃado, usando experimentos in vitro e ex vivo. No presente estudo, a polpa de roxa foi separada em duas fraÃÃes (volÃtil e nÃo volÃtil), sendo o composto majoritÃrio de cada fraÃÃo identificado e quantificado. CÃlulas da gengiva humana (provenientes de seis voluntÃrios) foram expostas ao suco tropical de pitanga e ao composto majoritÃrio de cada fraÃÃo e analisadas quanto a atividade da catalase, o dano do DNA e a liberaÃÃo da interleucina 8 (IL-8). O experimento tambÃm foi realizado em cÃlulas dos fibroblastos gengivais humanos (HGF-1), cujas cÃlulas foram expostas aos compostos majoritÃrios das duas fraÃÃes da polpa de pitanga roxa e a liberaÃÃo da IL-8 foi analisada. A polpa de pitanga roxa apresentou valores mÃdios de sÃlidos solÃveis (8,33  0,06 ÂBrix), pH (3,12  0,01), acidez titulÃvel (1,76  0,20 g Ãcido cÃtrico/100 mL) e aÃÃcares totais (9,28  0,60 g glicose/100 mL) dentro dos padrÃes exigidos pela legislaÃÃo brasileira vigente. A referida polpa apresentou, ainda, nÃveis considerÃveis dos compostos bioativos: antocianinas (24,82  0,46 mg/100 mL), flavonÃides amarelos (11,33  0,66 mg/100 mL) e polifenÃis extraÃveis totais (26,85  0,30 mg GAE/100 mL), fazendo deste fruto uma boa fonte de antioxidantes naturais. Como composto majoritÃrio das fraÃÃes volÃtil e nÃo volÃtil da polpa de pitanga observa-se a oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-ona (85  4,01 Âg/mL) e a cianidina-3-glicosÃdeo (340  4,19 Âg/mL), respectivamente. O baixo pH do suco tropical de pitanga roxa adoÃado provocou uma reduÃÃo da atividade da catalase, enquanto a oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-ona e a cianidina-3-glicosÃdeo nÃo interferiram e nÃo foram capazes de inibir a atividade desta enzima. O suco tropical de pitanga roxa adoÃado preveniu o dano do DNA em cÃlulas da gengiva humana. Devido ao baixo nÃmero de voluntÃrios no experimento com o suco tropical de pitanga roxa adoÃado e os compostos majoritÃrios das fraÃÃes volÃtil e nÃo volÃtil da polpa de pitanga roxa, os resultados referentes à liberaÃÃo da IL-8 sÃo inconclusivos. Cianidina-3-glicosÃdeo e oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-ona apresentaram efeito antiinflamatÃrio em cÃlulas HGF-1. / Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a tropical fruit found in the region that covers the central part of Brazil to Northern Argentina. This fruit has low lipid content, and is rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. In view of the use of pitanga tree in folk medicine and the shortage of scientific works about the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of the purple pitanga, the present work aimed to investigate these characteristics in the pulp and in the sweetened tropical juice of purple pitanga, using in vitro and ex vivo experiments. In the present study, purple pitanga pulp was divided into two fractions (volatile and non-volatile), and the main compound of each fraction was identified and quantified. Human gingival cells (from six volunteers) were exposed to purple pitanga sweetened tropical juice and its main volatile and non-volatile compounds and analyzed by the catalase activity, DNA damage and interleukin 8 (IL-8) releases. The experiment was also performed with human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1), where cells were exposed to the individual main compounds from purple pitanga pulp and the IL-8 release was analyzed. Purple pitanga pulp presented mean values of soluble solids (8.33  0.06 ÂBrix), pH (3.12  0.01), titratable acidity (1.76  0.20 g citric acid/100 mL) and total sugars (9.28  0.60 g glucose/100 mL) within the standards required by current Brazilian law. This pulp also showed significant levels of the bioactive compounds: anthocyanins (24.82  0.46 mg/100 mL), yellow flavonoids (11.33  0.66 mg/100 mL) and total extractable polyphenols (26.85  0.30 mg GAE/100 mL), making this product a good source of natural antioxidants. With regard to the main compound from volatile and non-volatile fractions of purple pitanga pulp, oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (85  4.01 Âg/mL) was observed in the volatile fraction and cyanidin-3-glucoside (340  4.19 Âg/mL )was observed in the non-volatile fraction. The low pH of the purple pitanga sweetened tropical juice decreases catalase activity, while oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and cyanidin-3-glucoside did not interfere and were not able to inhibit the activity of this enzyme. Purple pitanga sweetened tropical juice prevented DNA damage in human gingival cells. Due to the low number of volunteers in the experiment with purple pitanga sweetened tropical juice and the main compounds from volatile and non-volatile fractions of purple pitanga pulp, the results regarding the IL-8 release are inconclusive. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one presented anti-inflammatory effects in HGF-1 cells.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2015-05-21T15:13:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DIGITAL.CCS.GEORGEA GERTRUDES DE OLIVEIRA MENDES CAHU.pdf: 2536289 bytes, checksum: 3d682a611b1761ef1a0a6979bde86913 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-21T15:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DIGITAL.CCS.GEORGEA GERTRUDES DE OLIVEIRA MENDES CAHU.pdf: 2536289 bytes, checksum: 3d682a611b1761ef1a0a6979bde86913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / A infecção pelo herpes vírus humano tipo 8 (HHV-8) é endêmica na Amazônia e de endemicidade intermediária em doadores de sangue no Brasil. Estudos demonstraram um aumento na prevalência deste vírus em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Contudo, ainda são escassos dados sobre a distribuição geográfica e descrições epidemiológicas da infecção pelo HHV-8 nesse país de dimensão continental. O presente estudo se propôs a estimar a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo HHV-8 em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids de Recife, nordeste do Brasil, no período de novembro de 2013 a julho de 2014. Foram pesquisados anticorpos contra o HHV-8 utilizando o ensaio imunoenzimático de vírus total (ELISA) em amostras de plasma de 500 indivíduos vivendo com HIV/aids. A prevalência do anti-HHV-8 encontrada foi de 28,6% (143/500; 95% IC, 24,72–32,82). A infecção pelo HHV-8 foi mais frequente entre o sexo masculino (31,9% homens HHV-8+ vs. 22,6% mulheres HHV-8+, OR: 1,605, 95% IC: 1,054 – 2,443; p = 0,03). A soroprevalência da infecção não variou de acordo com a idade. A infecção pelo HHV-8 foi mais frequente entre os indivíduos que tiveram carga viral do HIV detectável (p = 0,048). Entre o grupo de mulheres, ter idade menor que 40 anos (OR: 2,190, p = 0,042) e ter <18 anos na primeira relação sexual (OR: 2,540, p = 0,051), são variáveis que mostraram uma associação significante com a infecção pelo HHV-8. A frequência deste vírus entre 140 homens que fazem sexo com homem (HSH) foi de 38,6%. Este foi o primeiro estudo que abordou os aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção pelo HHV-8 no Nordeste do Brasil, uma região não endêmica para esta infecção, e que descreveu um aumento da circulação deste vírus em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids e de forma mais intensa entre HSH. O presente estudo sugere um possível papel da transmissão não sexual nesta população.

MEDEIROS, Christiane Quaresma, também é conhecida em citações bibliográficas por: QUARESMA, Christiane / Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-15T20:27:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Chistiane Quaresma Medeiros.pdf: 10078218 bytes, checksum: 3ef5e340a07d2137f0b8a389aee4f047 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-17T21:35:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Chistiane Quaresma Medeiros.pdf: 10078218 bytes, checksum: 3ef5e340a07d2137f0b8a389aee4f047 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T21:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Chistiane Quaresma Medeiros.pdf: 10078218 bytes, checksum: 3ef5e340a07d2137f0b8a389aee4f047 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / FACEPE / O ponto de partida da presente pesquisa foram as carências acadêmicas que o objeto de estudo trabalhado implica, ao combinar os atributos "animação", "super 8" e "experimental". Tratam-se de três instâncias cinematográficas que até os dias atuais ainda carecem de procedimentos historiográficos apropriados (em termos de mapeamento, restauração, catalogação e inserção na narrativa histórica do cinema nacional), bem como aprofundamentos teóricos que busquem visualizá-las segundo parâmetros analíticos concernentes a seus imperativos processuais, técnicos, estéticos e ideológicos. Com base nisso, o projeto possuiu três fases, a saben mapeamento, pesquisa de campo e análise. A última se deu a partir de um corpus que buscou evidenciar os trabalhos pintados diretamente sobre a película, técnica conhecida como "animação direta" e caracterizada pelo uso da película como tela. A discussão teve o processo animado como vetor, e a análise teve como foco os processos de destenitorialização (Deleuze) que tal conduta processual impõe ao sujeito criador, bem como ao dispositivo técnico do cinema. Observou-se também como o super 8 potencializa esta relação com o maquinário a partir de suas especificidades tanto técnicas, como também ideológicas, tendo por base o pensamento sobre o cinema que foi arquitetado em torno desta bitola no Brasil das décadas de 1970 e 1980. Os principais nortes teóricos incluem a noção de campo de Bourdieu, a fim de posicionar tais obras dentro de um contexto que permita aventar o esquema de valores e legitimidade que se colocam a partir destes filmes com a devida complexidade, evitando reduzir tais questões segundo categorias de oposição pré-estabelecidas. Recorre-se, ainda, a noção de destenitorialização de Deleuze, com o intuito de enriquecer o olhar sobre estes efeitos de reconfiguração que tais obras promovem, transversalmente, ao sujeito da criação, ao maquinário do cinema, bem como aos procedimentos artísticos que agregam em seu processo. / The start up of this research was the academic scarcity on the subject of this study, that combines attributes such as: "animation", "Super 8" and "experimental". These three cinematography instances still lack proper historiographical procedures (in terms of mapping, restoration, cataloging and inclusion in the historical narrative of national cinema) as well as theoretical insights that seek to visualise them through analytical parameters that concerns their procedural, technical, aesthetic and ideological imperatives. Based on that, this project had three phases: mapping, field research and analysis. The analysis stage used a group of films that were painted directly on to the strip film, a technique known as cameraless animation and characterized by the use of film as a canvas. The discussion used the animated process as a vector, and the analysis focused on the detenitorialization processes (Deleuze) that such procedural conduct imposes to the creative individual, as well as to the cinematographic device. It was also observed how the super 8 strip film enhances this relationship with the machinery from its specificities, both technical and ideological, based on the idea constructed around this equipment in Brazil, in the 1970s and 1980s. The main theoretical guides include Bourdieug Field Theory, in order to position those works within a context that would allow to express the scheme of values and legitimacy that arise from these films with condign complexity, avoiding to reduce such issues according to pre-established categories of opposition. The DeleuzeN detenitorialization concept is used in order to enrich the understanding of the reconfiguration effects promoted by those films, transversely to the creative individual, to the cinematographic machinery, and to the artistic procedures that are added to the process.

Transplantation of genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) into sites of central nervous system (CNS) disease/injury is a promising strategy to promote repair of damaged tissue. However, translating this strategy into the clinic requires several challenges to be overcome including facilitating ‘combinatorial therapy’ (achieving multiple therapeutic goals – essential in CNS injury/disease). Nanotechnologies are emerging as multifunctional platforms capable of meeting this requirement. For example, magnetic particles (MPs) and implantable hydrogels offer several biomedical advantages for transplant populations, including: safe genetic manipulation; non-invasive cell tracking, via MRI; and safe and efficient accumulation of cells at sites of injury. However, the use of these nanotechnologies remains to be explored in detail for NSC transplantation therapies. In this thesis, it is shown that MPs can mediate gene delivery to NSCs grown as neurospheres and monolayers with the most efficient transfection efficiencies achieved using oscillating magnetofection protocols (9.4% and 32.2% respectively). In both culture systems, developed protocols had no effect on key regenerative properties of NSCs such as cell viability, proliferation, stemness and differentiation. Further, ‘magnetofected’ monolayer NSCs were shown to have survived and differentiated in a cerebellum slice model acting as host tissue, indicating safety of the procedures. It was also shown that assessing procedural safety and extent of transfection of magnetofection protocols may be feasible by employing mass spectrometry and proteomics analysis. It was also found that tailored enhancement of particle magnetite content offers a means to efficiently label NSCs, up to a maximum of 95.8%. Labelling procedures had no effect on cell viability, proliferation, stemness or differentiation. In addition, labelled cells could survive and differentiate in a slice model of spinal cord injury indicating safety of the labelling procedures. Functional labelling was also demonstrated by magnetic capture of labelled cells in an in vitro flow system. Hydrogels offer major advantages for delivery of transplant populations into injury sites. Here it was shown that an intraconstruct genetic engineering approach was feasible for NSCs cultured with a clinically translatable, collagen hydrogel system. Magnetofection protocols safely increased MP mediated transfection of NSCs grown in ‘2-D’ and ‘3-D’ hydrogel cultures.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse porte principalement sur la valorisation des sédiments fluviaux en couche de fondation. La caractérisation de ces sédiments nous a permis de dresser une fiche d’identité détaillée de ces sédiments incluant les propriétés physico-chimiques géotechniques et environnementales. Cette caractérisation s’avère être primordiale avant toute démarche de valorisation pour évaluer le potentiel d’utilisation des sédiments en technique routière. La déshydratation des sédiments est un prétraitement souvent indispensable. Nous avons pour cela optimisé leur déshydratation en utilisant la méthode dite de « lit de séchage ». L’influence de la déshydratation par l’ajout de polymères (adjuvant de floculation) sur les caractéristiques intrinsèques des sédiments a été explorée. Afin d’améliorer les performances mécaniques des sédiments, plusieurs traitements ont été mis aux point et expérimentés tel que les traitements aux liants hydrauliques ou l’ajout de renforts granulaires. Ces différents traitements ont été testés sur des sédiments floculés et non floculés. Pour l’optimisation de la compacité des mélanges sédiments fluviaux-ajouts granulaires (Sable Bolonnais), nous avons utilisé le modèle d’empilement compressible. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, nous avons réalisé une planche expérimentale dont l’objectif est de valider notre approche de valorisation. Un suivi mécanique et environnemental ainsi qu’une analyse des eaux de ruissèlements et de percolation ont été réalisés. Les résultats obtenus en laboratoire et in-situ nous confortent dans la perspective d’une utilisation des sédiments fluviaux en couche de fondation. / The work in this thesis focuses on the valorization of river sediments in sub-base. The characterization of these sediments allowed us to draw up their detailed identity card including physico-chemical geotechnical and environmental properties. This characterization is essential before any approach aiming to evaluate the potential use of the sediments in road engineering. The dehydration of the sediments is an essential pretreatment. Their dehydration has been optimized by using a method known as “bed of drying”. The influence of dehydration on the sediments characteristics by adding polymers (auxiliary of flocculation) was explored. In order to improve the mechanical performances of sediments, several treatments were developed and tested such as hydraulic binders or addition of granular reinforcements. These various treatments were tested on flocculated and non-flocculated sediments. To optimize the compacity of river sediments-additions (Bolonnais Sand) mixtures, we used the Compressible Packing Model. These results lead us to build an experimental board to validate our approach of valorization. A mechanical and environmental follow-up and analysis of percolation and runoff waters were carried out. The results achieved in laboratory and in-situ consolidate us to use rivers sediments in sub-base.