[pt] Esta tese aborda a literatura da escritora afro-americana Toni Morrison traduzida no Brasil. Nesse sentido, são consideradas as seguintes traduções do romance Beloved (1987), as quais receberam o título de Amada: a de Evelyn Kay Massaro, publicada em 1989 pela editora Best Seller e em 1993 pelo Círculo do Livro, e a de José Rubens Siqueira, lançada em 2007 e, posteriormente, em 2011, pela Companhia das Letras. Utilizando como arcabouço teórico os Estudos Descritivos da Tradução e os Estudos Culturais, complementados pela visão de Lawrence Venuti sobre retraduções, a presente pesquisa visa a determinar e compreender o lugar sistêmico ocupado por Morrison e pelas traduções de Beloved no contexto cultural brasileiro em comparação à posição da autora e de seu romance no sistema de origem, os Estados Unidos. Para tanto, são trazidas à tona, entre outros fatores, reflexões sobre aspectos de recepção, focalizando os discursos de críticos, professores, outros autores e tradutores, o papel das editoras envolvidas e as ações de patronagem nos respectivos contextos. Além disso, é proposta uma análise dos paratextos e dos recursos textuais referentes às edições de Amada, levando-se em consideração as relações entre literatura, linguagem e questões étnico-raciais. / [en] This Ph.D. dissertation addresses the African-American female author Toni Morrison and her translated literature in Brazil. It focuses on the Brazilian translations of her novel Beloved (1987), published under the title Amada. The first translation was done by Evelyn Kay Massaro and launched by the publishing houses Best Seller and Circulo do Livro, in 1989 and 1993 respectively. The second one, by José Rubens Siqueira, was published by Companhia das Letras in 2007 and, subsequently, in 2011. This study will draw upon both Descriptive Translation Studies and the Cultural Studies, complemented by Lawrence Venuti s view on retranslations. Accordingly, this research aims to determine and understand the systemic function occupied by Morrison and the translations of Beloved in the Brazilian cultural context in comparison with the function of the writer and her novel in the source system, the United States. Therefore, reception aspects, focusing on critics, professors, other authors and translators discourses, as well as the role of the publishing houses and patronage, among other factors, in the respective contexts will be brought to light. Moreover, an analysis of the paratexts and the textual resources relative to Amada s editions will be proposed, considering the relationships among literature, language and ethnic-racial issues.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T19:56:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liliane de Paula Munhoz - 2017.pdf: 1821411 bytes, checksum: 642db2f2c2dd0325a6850e2f3fe6dfcc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-26T12:43:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liliane de Paula Munhoz - 2017.pdf: 1821411 bytes, checksum: 642db2f2c2dd0325a6850e2f3fe6dfcc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T12:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liliane de Paula Munhoz - 2017.pdf: 1821411 bytes, checksum: 642db2f2c2dd0325a6850e2f3fe6dfcc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / The purpose of this research is to present a critical reading of the novels Beloved, Jazz and Paradise, by the North-American author Toni Morrison, to show the form through which, in this trilogy, the representation of the sufferings of the Afro-American people and the history of their endurance move between Historiographical Metafiction and the Fantastic Realism. In these novels, the female voice focuses attention on the experience of women who lived (and under a certain point of view still live) in the shadow of past slavery. Between racism and sexism, the protagonists of the novels are, to use an expression from Morrison’s last novel of the trilogy, “Black Eves”, in an unusual but paradoxically mundane context. The period covered by the stories in these books is that of the Post-Emancipation of the slaves in the 1870s, and the social movements for black people’s civil rights, in the 1920s and in the 1970s, respectively, when the United States of America lived the Reconstruction Era, the great migrations of former slaves from the South to the North, the conquest of the Civil Rights, and the second wave of feminism. In all these periods, although free, the African-American people continued living under big and real social, economic and civil rights inequalities. The theoretical assumptions, which are the framework of this study, are the theory on the post-modern novel by Linda Hutcheon; the notion of truth as a linguistic construct, by Hayden White; the fantastic realism, by Tzvetan Todorov, Irène Bessière, David Roas and Pampa Arán; the theory of irony, according to Linda Hutcheon; and, on what concerns feminism, we refer to the studies of bell hooks (2015) and Deborah Gray White (1999). / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo uma leitura crítica dos romances Amada, Jazz e Paraíso, da autora norte-americana Toni Morrison, para mostrar a forma como nesta trilogia a representação da realidade absurda do sofrimento do povo negro norte-americano e a história de sua resistência transitam entre a metaficção historiográfica e o realismo fantástico. Nesses romances, a voz feminina centra atenção nas experiências de mulheres que viveram (e de certa forma ainda vivem) à sombra de um passado de escravidão. Entre o racismo e o sexismo, as protagonistas dos romances são, para se usar uma expressão do último romance da trilogia, “Evas negras”, em contextos paradoxal-mente insólitos e banais. O recorte temporal é o Pós-Emancipação dos escravos nos anos de 1870 e os movimentos sociais pelos direitos dos negros, em 1920 e em 1970, quando os Estados Unidos da América viviam, respectivamente, a Recons-trução, as grandes migrações dos ex-escravos do Sul para o Norte, a conquista de Direitos Civis e a segunda onda do feminismo. Em todos esses períodos, mesmo livres, os afro-americanos continuaram vivendo grandes desigualdades sociais, econômicas e de direitos civis reais. Os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentam nossa análise consistem nos estudos sobre o romance pós-moderno de Linda Hutcheon; a noção de verdade como cons-truto linguístico de Hayden White; o realismo fantástico de Tzvetan Todorov, Irène Bessière, David Roas e Pampa Arán; a teoria da ironia, segundo Linda Hutcheon; e sobre o feminismo nos reportamos às reflexões de bell hooks (2015) e Deborah Gray White (1999).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Susana Aparecida da Silva.pdf: 2277221 bytes, checksum: 9d74e7ccb72f35d3c4d7df842a7aed32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to exegetical analysis on Ct 5,9-16. This section contains a description of the female beloved by the male beloved. To the question of Jerusalem's daughters about the male beloved superiority (v. 9), the female beloved responds with a song, a wasf in which exalts your loved above all men (v. 10). For this, she describes some physical traits (vv. 10-15), starting from the head (v. 11), holding up in the face of some details (vv. 12-13), passes through the hands, trunk and legs (vv. 14-15) and concludes with an exclamation affection and admiration (v. 16). As a canon and considered inspired book, the words written in language and poetic style seems to contain not only a description of the erotic male figure, but also contains images with a theological symbolism referring to the God of the Old Israel. It is therefore specific purpose of this study to understand and interpret Ct 5.9 to 16, in order to understand how the Israel of God is revealed through the loving description of the beloved, not only exalts the figure of the male human body, but also refers the poetic symbols of the divine character / A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade a análise exegética de Ct 5,9-16. Este trecho contém uma descrição do amado por parte da amada. À questão das filhas de Jerusalém a respeito da superioridade do amado (v. 9), a amada responde com um cântico, um wasf, no qual exalta o seu amado acima de todos os homens (v. 10). Para isto, ela descreve alguns traços corporais (vv. 10-15), partindo da cabeça (v. 11), detendo-se em alguns detalhes da face (vv. 12-13), passa pelas mãos, o tronco e as pernas (vv. 14-15) e conclui com uma exclamação de afeto e admiração (v. 16). Como um livro canônico e considerado inspirado, o trecho escrito em linguagem e estilo poético parece conter não somente uma descrição erótica da figura masculina, mas também contém imagens com um simbolismo teológico referente ao Deus do Antigo Israel. Portanto, é objetivo específico do presente estudo compreender e interpretar Ct 5,9-16, no sentido de entender como o Deus de Israel se revela através da descrição amorosa da amada, que não somente exalta a figura do corpo humano masculino, mas também remete aos símbolos poéticos dos caracteres divinos

Este trabalho tem como tema O papel da mulher no cristianismo primitivo: uma leitura do quarto evangelho. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a literatura especializada no assunto. O aprofundamento do tema possibilitou uma compreensão das sociedades patriarcais da área do Mediterrâneo, no I séc. a.C e d.C, principalmente a sociedade judaica, greco romana e egípcia nas quais a dominação do homem sobre a mulher se dava de muitas maneiras. Na sociedade judaica pesava ainda as leis de pureza. Na sociedade greco romana essa dominação era legitimada pela crença de que as divindades determinavam os papéis sociais. Nesse contexto, surgiu o movimento de Jesus com uma prática social e religiosa que contrariava as leis do sistema patriarcal. Nesse movimento, conforme a literatura joanina registrada no quarto evangelho, as mulheres desempenharam um papel de protagonistas, tanto no movimento como na organização das primeiras comunidades. O quarto evangelho guardou a memória dessas mulheres aqui analisadas: Maria, mãe de Jesus nas Bodas de Caná antecipou a hora e introduziu Jesus no seu ministério público. Maria, novamente presente na hora da glorificação de Jesus na cruz, recebeu a nova comunidade representada na figura do discípulo ou discípula amada. A mulher samaritana, na beira do poço, com quem Jesus estabeleceu um diálogo, contrariando todos os costumes da época, torna-se a missionária dos samaritanos. Marta, a literatura joanina guardou a memória de sua profissão de fé semelhante à de Pedro nas comunidades apostólicas. Maria sua irmã, discípula, teve a atitude própria de discípula que na sociedade patriarcal era reservada só aos homens. Na comunidade joanina foi ela quem ungiu Jesus. Maria Madalena a primeira a ver Jesus ressuscitado e a testemunhar: eu vi o Senhor. / This work has the theme "The role of women in early Christianity: a reading of the Fourth Gospel." Bibliographical research was performed on the subject in question. The deepening of the theme enabled an understanding of patriarchal societies of the Mediterranean area, in the first century b.C and a.C., mainly Jewish society, Greco Roman and Egyptian in which the domination of men over women was given in many ways. In Jewish society still weighed purity laws. In Greco Roman society that domination was legitimized by the belief that the gods determined social roles. In this context, born the Jesus movement with a social and religious practice that is contrary to the laws of the patriarchal system. In this movement, as the Johannine literature recorded in the fourth gospel, women played a leading role both in movement and in the organization of the first communities. The fourth gospel keeps the memory of these women analyzed here: Mary, mother of Jesus at the Wedding at Cana anticipates the hour and introduces Jesus in his public ministry. Maria again present at the time of the glorification of Jesus on the cross, receives the new community represented in the figure of the disciple or beloved disciple. The Samaritan woman at the edge of the pit, with whom Jesus establishes a dialogue, against all the customs of the time, it becomes a missionary of the Samaritans. Marta, the Johannine literature keeps the memory of his profession of faith like Peter in the apostolic communities. His sister Maria, is a disciple, has the proper attitude of disciple, that in patriarchal society was reserved only to men. In Johannine community is she who anoints Jesus. Mary Magdalene the first to see the risen Jesus and testifies: "I saw the Lord".

This article explores the beginnings of Mesoamerican civilization (meaning the origins of institutionalized, hereditary inequality, rank societies, and chiefdoms) during the Early Formative period (1900-100 BC). Before one can identify the processes of socio-political evolution it is first necessary to identify concrete examples of societies, and their attributes, which underwent this transformation. I outline data for six Mesoamerican cases of the shift from egalitarian societies to chiefdoms. Four of them are from the Tropical lowlands (Paso de la Amada, San Lorenzo, Puerto Escondido, and Cahal Pech), and two are from the Mexican Highlands (Tlapacoya and San José Mogote). / Este artículo trata acerca de los inicios de la civilización en Mesoamérica, es decir, los orígenes de la complejidad social, las desigualdades hereditarias institucionalizadas, las sociedades diferenciadas por rangos y las jefaturas durante el Periodo Formativo Temprano (c. 1900-100 a.C.). Antes de que se puedan discernir los procesos de evolución sociopolítica, primero es necesario identificar ejemplos concretos de sociedades, y sus atributos correspondientes, que experimentaron esa transformación. Aquí se resaltan los datos de seis casos del cambio de sociedades igualitarias a jefaturas de Mesoamérica: cuatro de tierras bajas tropicales (Paso de la Amada, San Lorenzo, Puerto Escondido y Cahal Pech) y dos de la sierra de México (Tlapacoya y San José Mogote).

Afin de construire des systèmes intelligents, où les machines sont capables de raisonner exactement comme les humains, les données avec sémantique sont une exigence majeure. Ce besoin a conduit à l’apparition du Web sémantique, qui propose des technologies standards pour représenter et interroger les données avec sémantique. RDF est le modèle répandu destiné à décrire de façon formelle les ressources Web, et SPARQL est le langage de requête qui permet de rechercher, d’ajouter, de modifier ou de supprimer des données RDF. Être capable de stocker et de rechercher des données avec sémantique a engendré le développement des nombreux systèmes de gestion des données RDF.L’évolution rapide du Web sémantique a provoqué le passage de systèmes de gestion des données centralisées à ceux distribués. Les premiers systèmes étaient fondés sur les architectures pair-à-pair et client-serveur, alors que récemment l’attention se porte sur le cloud computing.Les environnements de cloud computing ont fortement impacté la recherche et développement dans les systèmes distribués. Les fournisseurs de cloud offrent des infrastructures distribuées autonomes pouvant être utilisées pour le stockage et le traitement des données. Les principales caractéristiques du cloud computing impliquent l’évolutivité́, la tolérance aux pannes et l’allocation élastique des ressources informatiques et de stockage en fonction des besoins des utilisateurs.Cette thèse étudie la conception et la mise en œuvre d’algorithmes et de systèmes passant à l’échelle pour la gestion des données du Web sémantique sur des platformes cloud. Plus particulièrement, nous étudions la performance et le coût d’exploitation des services de cloud computing pour construire des entrepôts de données du Web sémantique, ainsi que l’optimisation de requêtes SPARQL pour les cadres massivement parallèles.Tout d’abord, nous introduisons les concepts de base concernant le Web sémantique et les principaux composants des systèmes fondés sur le cloud. En outre, nous présentons un aperçu des systèmes de gestion des données RDF (centralisés et distribués), en mettant l’accent sur les concepts critiques de stockage, d’indexation, d’optimisation des requêtes et d’infrastructure.Ensuite, nous présentons AMADA, une architecture de gestion de données RDF utilisant les infrastructures de cloud public. Nous adoptons le modèle de logiciel en tant que service (software as a service - SaaS), où la plateforme réside dans le cloud et des APIs appropriées sont mises à disposition des utilisateurs, afin qu’ils soient capables de stocker et de récupérer des données RDF. Nous explorons diverses stratégies de stockage et d’interrogation, et nous étudions leurs avantages et inconvénients au regard de la performance et du coût monétaire, qui est une nouvelle dimension importante à considérer dans les services de cloud public.Enfin, nous présentons CliqueSquare, un système distribué de gestion des données RDF basé sur Hadoop. CliqueSquare intègre un nouvel algorithme d’optimisation qui est capable de produire des plans massivement parallèles pour des requêtes SPARQL. Nous présentons une famille d’algorithmes d’optimisation, s’appuyant sur les équijointures n- aires pour générer des plans plats, et nous comparons leur capacité à trouver les plans les plus plats possibles. Inspirés par des techniques de partitionnement et d’indexation existantes, nous présentons une stratégie de stockage générique appropriée au stockage de données RDF dans HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System). Nos résultats expérimentaux valident l’effectivité et l’efficacité de l’algorithme d’optimisation démontrant également la performance globale du système. / In order to build smart systems, where machines are able to reason exactly like humans, data with semantics is a major requirement. This need led to the advent of the Semantic Web, proposing standard ways for representing and querying data with semantics. RDF is the prevalent data model used to describe web resources, and SPARQL is the query language that allows expressing queries over RDF data. Being able to store and query data with semantics triggered the development of many RDF data management systems. The rapid evolution of the Semantic Web provoked the shift from centralized data management systems to distributed ones. The first systems to appear relied on P2P and client-server architectures, while recently the focus moved to cloud computing.Cloud computing environments have strongly impacted research and development in distributed software platforms. Cloud providers offer distributed, shared-nothing infrastructures that may be used for data storage and processing. The main features of cloud computing involve scalability, fault-tolerance, and elastic allocation of computing and storage resources following the needs of the users.This thesis investigates the design and implementation of scalable algorithms and systems for cloud-based Semantic Web data management. In particular, we study the performance and cost of exploiting commercial cloud infrastructures to build Semantic Web data repositories, and the optimization of SPARQL queries for massively parallel frameworks.First, we introduce the basic concepts around Semantic Web and the main components and frameworks interacting in massively parallel cloud-based systems. In addition, we provide an extended overview of existing RDF data management systems in the centralized and distributed settings, emphasizing on the critical concepts of storage, indexing, query optimization, and infrastructure. Second, we present AMADA, an architecture for RDF data management using public cloud infrastructures. We follow the Software as a Service (SaaS) model, where the complete platform is running in the cloud and appropriate APIs are provided to the end-users for storing and retrieving RDF data. We explore various storage and querying strategies revealing pros and cons with respect to performance and also to monetary cost, which is a important new dimension to consider in public cloud services. Finally, we present CliqueSquare, a distributed RDF data management system built on top of Hadoop, incorporating a novel optimization algorithm that is able to produce massively parallel plans for SPARQL queries. We present a family of optimization algorithms, relying on n-ary (star) equality joins to build flat plans, and compare their ability to find the flattest possibles. Inspired by existing partitioning and indexing techniques we present a generic storage strategy suitable for storing RDF data in HDFS (Hadoop’s Distributed File System). Our experimental results validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the optimization algorithm demonstrating also the overall performance of the system.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar, do ponto de vista descritivo, como foram realizadas as traduções de marcadores culturais presentes em duas obras da escritora afro-americana Toni Morrison: The Bluest Eye, traduzida por Manoel Paulo Ferreira como O Olho Mais Azul, e Beloved, traduzida por José Rubens Siqueira como Amada. Pretende-se analisar as escolhas e tendências tradutórias de cada tradutor diante das diferenças culturais entre a cultura fonte e a cultura meta. Para a realização deste estudo, apoiamo-nos no arcabouço teórico-metodológico dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; CAMARGO 2005, 2007) e da Linguística de Corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004).Para a investigação de marcadores culturais nos baseamos na reformulação realizada por Aubert (1981, 2006) a partir do trabalho sobre domínios culturais de Nida (1945). Para a extração e análise dos termos utilizamos o software WordSmith Tools versão 7.0. O presente estudo contém análises descritivas de 14 marcadores culturais selecionados a partir da lista de palavraschave gerada pelo WordSmith Tools, descrevendo as tendências e padrões tradutórios presentes nos textos meta e considerando, no âmbito da tradução, a especificidade dos romances e as diferenças culturais e históricas entre os Estados Unidos e o Brasil nos contextos históricos dos romances. / In this research, we intend to analyse, from the descriptive point of view, how the translations of cultural markers were held in two novels written by the Afro-American writer Toni Morrison: The Bluest Eye, translated by Manoel Paulo Ferreira as O Olho Mais Azul, and Beloved, translated by José Rubens Siqueira as Amada. We intend to analyse the choices and the translation tendencies of each translator before the cultural differences between the source culture and target culture. Our theoretical basis for the development of this research study is the theoretical and methodological approach of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; CAMARGO 2005, 2007) and Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004). We are also based on the study of cultural domains developed by Nida (1945) and reformulated by Aubert (1981, 2006). For term extraction and analysis, we used the WordSmith Tools software, version 7.0. So, this study contains descriptive analyses of 14 cultural markers selected from the keywords list created by WordSmith Tools, describing translation tendencies and patterns in the target texts and considering, in the scope of translation, the specificity of the novels and the cultural and historical differences between the United States and Brazil in the historical contexts of the novels.