The present study sought to build on the large body of past research into written disclosure of traumatic memories. This research has consistently found that participants who write about their traumatic experiences realize long-term physiological and psychological health benefits. More recently, it has been found that those participants who realize the most benefits are those who progressively include more elements of a good narrative, or story, in their writing about a traumatic experience over several sessions. Therefore, research has begun to examine the role of language and the structure of language in the health benefits gained from written disclosure of traumatic memories. A guided written disclosure protocol was designed for the present study, which sought to aid participants in supplying an increasing amount of narrative structure to their written disclosures of a single traumatic experience. Participants (N = 30) completed several measures of psychological and physiological health prior to and one month after completing the guided written disclosure protocol. Analyses revealed that participants who completed all four writing sessions showed statistically significant reductions in symptoms of general psychological distress, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and intrusive and avoidant symptoms related to the traumatic experience. No significant self-reported physiological health benefits were found. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

Bakgrund: Med cirka tio miljoner dödsfall världen över år 2020 är cancer den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken globalt. En cancerdiagnos skapar generellt varierande som kan påverka en patients liv, vilket kan leda till förlust av kontroll och lidande. För att hantera den nya situationen med cancer behöver dessa patienter stöd. Mötet med patienter med en cancerdiagnos kan lindra lidande samt öka känsla av välbefinnande. Sjuksköterskan har därför en nyckelroll i mötet.                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Syfte: Belysa vuxna personers upplevelser av hur livet förändras i och med en cancerdiagnos.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Metod: En kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys av fem självbiografier skrivna av personer som fått en cancerdiagnos.                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Resultat: Utifrån analysen har åtta underkategorier identifierats. Utifrån dessa har det utformats tre huvudkategorier; Att tappa fotfästet, Förändrat liv och Att se ljus i mörkret.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Konklusion: Att ta emot ett cancerbesked samt att leva med cancer kan påverka patientens syn till livet. Det i sin tur kan göra att upplevelsen av hälsa och välbefinnande påverkas. För att hjälpa patienten att hitta tillbaka till sig själv samt att skapa förutsättningar för återhämtning behövs sjuksköterskans förståelse till personens livsvärld. / Background: With approximately ten million deaths worldwide in 2020, cancer is the second most common cause of death globally. A cancer diagnosis generally creates mixed feelings that can affect a patient's life, which can lead to loss of control and suffering. To cope with the new situation with cancer, these patients need support. Meeting patients with a cancer diagnosis can alleviate suffering and increase feelings of well-being. The nurse therefore has a key role in the meeting. Aim: To shed light on adult patients' experiences of how life changes with a cancer diagnosis. Method: A qualitative manifest content analysis of five autobiographies written by people who have been diagnosed with cancer. Results: Based on the analysis, eight subcategories have been identified. Based on these, three main categories have been designed; To lose footing, Changed life and Seeing light in the dark. Conclusion: Receiving a cancer diagnosis and living with cancer can affect the patient's view of life. This in turn can affect the experience of health and well-being. To help the patients find their way back to themselves and to create conditions for recovery, the nurse's understanding of the person's world of life is needed.

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas en av tre av cancersjukdom men två av tre överlever. Fler kvinnor än män drabbas av cancersjukdom där ärftlighet och ohälsosamma levnadsvanor är betydande faktorer. Oro, rädsla och ångest är vanliga reaktioner vid ett cancerbesked och under cancerbehandlingen. Det kan påverka individens lidande och livslust. Primärvården har en samordnande roll i sjukvården och i framtiden kommer primärvården få ett större ansvar för cancersjukvården. Distriktssköterskan behöver därför ha ökad kunskap kring patienter med cancersjukdom avseende oro, rädsla och ångest. Syfte: Syftet i denna studie var att belysa kvinnors erfarenheter under cancerbehandling.  Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ design där datainsamling utgjordes av åtta självbiografier författade av kvinnor. Narrativ tematisk analys användes för att analysera berättelserna. Analysen genomfördes på både manifest och latent nivå.  Resultat: De åtta kvinnornas upplevelser av oro, rädsla och ångest under cancerbehandlingen beskrevs genom tre teman med nio kategorier. De tema som framkom var Den ständiga pendlingen mellan trygghet och tuffa påfrestningar, betydelsen av att ta tillvara på tiden och förändringarna på ett personligt plan. Det framkom att kvinnorna hade känslor som pendlade mellan ensamheten under cancerbehandlingen gentemot tryggheten som fanns bland familj och vänner. De fann också strategier för att hantera sjukdomens biverkningar som påverkade deras identitet. Ett sjukdomslidande uppstod vilket bidrog till ett livslidande men trots det kunde kvinnorna finna livskraft.  Slutsats: Kvinnor som befann sig under cancerbehandlingen upplevde stor oro kring cancerbehandlingens effekt och risken för att återinsjukna. Återkommande upplevelser var ensamhet, rädsla, ångest och identitetsförändring. Distriktssköterskan behöver därför vara medveten om deras upplevelser vid bemötande och vårdande. Genom ett etiskt förhållningssätt kan en jämställd vård appliceras och stärka värdigheten hos kvinnor drabbade av cancersjukdom. / Background: In Sweden one of three suffer from cancer only two of three survive. More women than men suffer from cancer because of genetic and unhealthy determinations. Worry, fear and anxiety are common reactions notified of a cancer diagnosis and during the treatment of cancer. It can affect the persons suffering from the disease and their life. Primary care has a coordinating role and will have more responsibility in the future reagarding cancer care. Due to this, that the district nurse must have increased knowledge about patients with cancer in terms of worry, fear and anxiety.  Aim: The aim was to illuminate women's experiences under treatment of cancer. Method: The study has a qualitative design and the data collection was based on eight autobiographical written by women. The study has been analyzed using a narrative thematic analysis. The analysis was performed on a manifest and a latent level. Results: The eight women's experiences of worry, fear and anxiety under treatment of cancer was described in three themes and nine categories. The themes that emerged were: The constant oscillation between safety and rough distress, The importance of making the most of the time and The changes on personal levels. It appears that the feelings oscillated between loneliness under the treatment of cancer and safeness from loved ones. The women found strategies to handle the side effects under the treatment of cancer that affected their personal levels. The women could find vitality despite suffering from the disease and suffering from life.  Conclusion: Women who were under treatment of cancer experienced anxiety over the treatment's long term effects and the risk of relapses. Loneliness, worrying, anxiety and identity crises were common in the result. District nurses, therefore, need to be conscious about the patients' experiences when interacting and treating cancer patients. Through an ethical approach, equal care can be applied and strengthen the dignity for women suffering from cancer.

Écrivaine prolifique, anticonformiste, rebelle et provocatrice, Doris Lessing est considérée par la critique comme ayant été à l'avant-garde du féminisme, du communisme, de l'anticolonialisme et de la lutte contre l'apartheid. En lui accordant le prix Nobel de littérature en 2007, l'académie suédoise récompensait une « conteuse épique de l'expérience féminine, qui avec scepticisme, ardeur et une force visionnaire, scrute une civilisation divisée ». Cependant, ne retenir de Doris Lessing que des combats politiques d'ordre public, c'est oublier un thème essentiel et omniprésent dans ses écrits, celui de la quête de soi et du désir de connaissance de soi qui anime le sujet féminin. Pour atteindre ce but et au bout du compte se reconstruire, celui-ci passe d'abord par la déconstruction. C'est pourquoi ce travail se propose d'analyser l'approche déconstructionniste de Doris Lessing vis-à-vis de la question de l'identité féminine. Cette déconstruction ne doit pas être comprise au sens strictement derridien du terme, mais dans une perspective plus large qui est celle de la vision universelle et prophétique de l'auteure. En effet, Doris Lessing tente de déconstruire une conception essentialiste qui renverrait à une conception universaliste de l'identité féminine. Elle nie toute pensée logocentrique et remet en cause l'unité et le fixisme identitaire, et partant la généralité de la quête. Ceci révèle le nomadisme d'une pensée qui doit s'entendre, dans le sens deleuzien, comme une conception de l'identité de la femme comme fluide, changeante, sans frontières, ouverte à de nouvelles possibilités et avec un grand potentiel pour se re-désigner et se re-définir. / A prolific, anti-conformist, rebellious and provocative writer, Doris Lessing has been considered by critics as the forerunner of feminism, communism, anti-colonialism and anti-aparteid. By attributing to her the Nobel Price for Literature in 2007, the Swedish Academy rewarded an « epicist of the female experience, who, with skepticism, fire and visionary power subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny ». Reducing her work, however, to political issues means overlooking a crucial and omnipotent theme related to the quest for selfhood and the desire for self-knowledge animating the female subject, In order to gain this goal, it is first important to go through the experience of deconstruction. This is why this work will analyse Doris Lessing's deconstructive approach to the female identity. This deconstruction is not to be understood in the strict Derridian sense but in a broader persepective residing in the writer's universal and prophetic vision. In fact, Doris Lessing endeavors to deconstruct an essentialist conception which would lead to a universal apprehension of the female identity. She denies all logocentric thinking and questions fixed and unified identities, and by the same token, the universality of the quest. This reveals a nomadic thought, which in Deleuzian sense, entails that the female identity is fluid, changing, without frontiers, open to all possibilities and with a great potential to re-construct and re-define itself.

Ve své práci ukazuji na svědeckých záznamech přístupných v Malach jakými způsoby je utvářeno svědectví. To ve své práci vnímám jako specifický žánr, který je ovlivňován zároveň diskursem a pravidly vyprávění. Ve své práci se pokouším ukázat způsoby, tomu dochází, a tím přispět k lepšímu pochopení svědectví jako takového. Důvodem této snahy je pak mimo jiné i vzrůstající míra využívání svědectví k vzdělávacím účelům, ve kterých se původně doplňkové funkce ve vzta historiografii dostává svědectví stále více prostoru i jako vlastnímu zdroji informací. Skrze výpovědi pamětníků je svědectví schopné přenášet nejen prosté informace, ale díky své autenticitě také emoce a morální apel. Ve své práci na materiálech USC Shoah Foundation Institute ukazuji způsoby, kterými dochází jak k omezování vyprávění diskursem, tak příklady, ve kterých nachází vyprávění v diskursu oporu, či taková, ve kterých se projevuje moc vyprávění nad diskursem. K tomuto závěru docházím na základě analyzování oficiálních dokumentů nadace USC Shoah Foundation Institute. Mezi ně patří podklady pro tazatele a pamětníky, které mají zmiňovaní k dispozici dříve, než je videozáznam pořizován. Dále pak návody pro katalogizování a indexování získaných svědeckých záznamů a příručka pro uživatele archivu. Ve druhé části analýzy se pak soustředím na obsah...

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the coping strategies and emotional expressions that children experience while growing up with a parent with mental illness. The theory used in this study was emotion sociology and the concept of resilience is applied in the results and analysis to explain and understand how children’s actions and emotional expressions are related. In this way, the study can contribute with knowledge about how children, despite growing up conditions that may involve risks, can obtain a good psychosocial function. Our study was based on a qualitative method where four autobiographies written by adult children have been used as empirical data. In order to describe and analyze the coping strategies and emotional expressions that children experience while growing up with a parent with mental illness. The results show that anxiety, fear, longing for affection and unpredictability in the parent’s behaviour were common feelings among the authors. The authors developed strategies during their childhood and had the ability to adapt successfully even though they grew up in a risky home environment.

[pt] Esta dissertação visa uma aproximação entre a produção científica e a escrita autobiográfica de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). Na intenção de um desdobramento deste objetivo, empreende-se uma análise do ensaio A metamorfose das plantas (Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen) e de sua autobiografia mais conhecida, Memórias: poesia e verdade (Aus Meinem Leben. Dichtung und Wahrheit). Primeiramente, a partir da recuperação de textos nos quais o escritor rememora conceitos centrais desenvolvidos naquele ensaio sobre o processo de crescimento das plantas, publicado pela primeira vez em 1790, discute-se em que medida o recorrente empenho por um acesso ao passado representou a oportunidade de revisitar, explicar, corroborar e aperfeiçoar alguns desses conceitos, sobretudo, o de metamorfose. Compartilhando do argumento de que a recordação, em Goethe, atua sobre a experiência pretérita de maneira profícua, produtiva, redireciona-se a análise, então, para sua escrita autobiográfica. Após um exame inicial sobre o estatuto do gênero, chamando-se a atenção para sua maleabilidade discursiva, delineiam-se tanto as semelhanças quanto as especificidades do texto autobiográfico goethiano. Sendo assim, ao se lançar mão da articulação de uma série de conceitos mobilizados pelo escritor, torna-se possível acenar para a maneira singular pela qual Goethe redimensionou sua existência, no ato ulterior da escrita, possibilitando associar concepções particulares de ciência e de história na conformação de sua perspectiva autobiográfica. / [en] This dissertation aims at an approximation between the scientific production and the autobiographical writing of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). In order to work on this objective, an analysis of the essay The Metamorphosis of Plants (Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen) and his best-known autobiography, From my life: poetry and truth (Aus Meinem Leben, Dichtung und Wahrheit) is developed. First, from the retrieval of texts in which the writer recalls central concepts developed in that essay about the process of plant growth, first published in 1790, it is discussed to what extent the recurrent commitment to an access to the past represented the opportunity of revisiting, explaining, corroborating and perfecting some of these concepts, above all, the one of metamorphosis. Sharing the argument that the recollection, in Goethe, acts over the past experience in a profitable, productive way, the analysis is, then, redirected to his autobiographical writing. After an initial examination of the status of the genre, drawing attention to its discursive malleability, both the similarities and specificities of the Goethian autobiographical text are highlighted. Thus, by using the articulation of a series of concepts mobilized by the writer, it becomes possible to emphasize the singular way in which Goethe redimensioned his existence, in the later act of writing, making it possible to associate particular conceptions of science and history in conformation of his autobiographical perspective.

While the social sciences have interrogated religious conversions as intensely social, historically situated phenomena, literary studies has not focused the same scrutiny on these textually rendered events and the forces that shape them. This dissertation explores religious conversion and resistance to conversion in African American and Mexican American autobiography from 1965 to 2002, with attention to conversion's social context and its potential for harm. Constant change and the negotiation of resistance and assimilation to the dominant culture are seminal topics for ethnic Americans; the conversion narrative is therefore often seen as a normative genre in ethnic writing, particularly ethnic autobiography. For the most part, religious conversion in African American and Mexican American autobiography has either been ignored or misread as normal and beneficial, even though the binaries of black Christianity versus Nation of Islam, and Catholicism versus Protestantism are sites of religious and racial ambivalence in these two ethnic traditions. The autobiographical texts of Malcolm X, Oscar Zeta Acosta. Amid Barak, and Richard Rodriguez call into question rosy views of conversion and suggest that we need to examine how conversion stories sometimes erase difference and cover over discourses of power. The American multicultural ideal of religious pluralism has meant that critics are too ready to praise religious conversion in America as advantageous or beyond the ken of criticism because religious belief is seen as belonging to the untouchable arena of cultural identity.

Cette thèse de doctorat présente l’œuvre de Brendan Behan, dans le but d’apporter une contribution à la recherche sur un auteur qui n’a pas encore reçu toute l’attention qu’il mérite. L’œuvre de B. Behan est une œuvre très hétérogène qui mélange genres et styles différents, écriture et oralité, texte et images. A travers l’étude des publications de l’auteur (roman, théâtre, récits enregistrés, productions radiophoniques, poésie, nouvelles et articles) ce travail montre l’importance du thème de la mémoire dans la littérature de l’auteur. Le titre de la thèse souligne les différents aspects de la mémoire qui sont ici considérés. Le terme de « mémoire » implique en effet plusieurs notions telles que la faculté de conserver ou de ramener à l’esprit le passé, l’acte du recouvrement et de la recherche dans la définition de l’identité de l’individu, ainsi que le devoir de conservation et de transmission de l’histoire et de la culture collectives. Du fait des difficultés que l’on peut rencontrer dans la définition du concept de mémoire, il faut bien sûr prendre en compte diverses approches (philosophique, psychologique, sociologique, anthropologique et linguistique). Le projet s’inscrit dans le domaine plus vaste de la littérature autobiographique irlandaise, et il espère apporter une contribution à ce domaine de recherche qui reste largement ouvert à l’investigation. Nous explorons particulièrement le rapport qui existe entre mémoire et imagination. Bien que nous puissions considérer que l’œuvre de l’auteur s’inscrit dans le mouvement littéraire réaliste irlandais des années 1930 et 1940, nous essayons surtout de montrer l’importance de l’élément fictif de l’écriture autobiographique. La littérature est pour Behan un instrument d’introspection à travers le souvenir et l’imagination. Raconter son histoire personnelle est pour Behan un moyen d’oublier l’expérience traumatique, individuelle et collective. En même temps, l’écriture permet à l’auteur d’assurer sa présence éternelle. / The topic of this doctoral dissertation was dictated by a need to address the lack of critical studies on Brendan Behan. Behan’s work appears as a very heterogeneous one, merging various genres and styles, mixing orality and writing, texts and images. Through an investigation of the author’s production (novel, recorded books, drama, radio-plays and features, poetry, short stories and sketches), this dissertation aims to show how the concept of memory underpins his literature. The title of the dissertation highlights the various aspects of the term “memory” explored in this volume. Memory is in fact a hazy concept that may refer to the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences and to the act of remembrance and the attempt at defining the individual’s identity, as well as to the duty of preserving and transmitting collective history and culture. As memory is never easy to define and implies many aspects, different approaches have been taken into account (philosophical, psychological, sociological, anthropological and linguistic). This project is framed by the larger field of Irish autobiographical studies which remains open to further investigations, and our aim has been to bring a modest contribution to it. In the dissertation, we explore above all the connections between memory and imagination. Although Behan’s literature may be considered as the author’s critical view on Irish society and, thus, brought in line with the realism of the 1920s and 1930s, we shall underline the importance of imagination in the process of recollection and the fictional aspect of autobiographical writing. Literature is for Behan the medium of a personal introspection through recollection and imagination. Telling his personal story is for the author a way of forgetting, hence healing, individual and collective trauma. But at the same time it is an attempt to guarantee the author’s infinite presence.

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