The Mobile phone has contributed to massive changes in the way that human beings communicate with each other and is a part of society’s globalization. Opinions differ in the area of user interface where some feel that mobile phones exclude users such as senior citizens or users with an intellectual or a physical disability. Universal Design –‘design for all’, is a vision that intends to bring about settings, products and services that suits as many people as possible irrespective of an individual’s needs and prospects. The criteria for ‘design for all’ are among other things flexibility, user friendliness, comprehensibility and a high tolerance for mistakes. The purpose of this essay was to investigate the mobile phones graphic user-interface from the theory of a universal design. From this general purpose the study looked more closely at senior citizens perspective of mobile phones graphic user-interface. To achieve empirical support for the study a qualitative method in the form of interviews was used. All of the individuals that participated in the study felt that the mobile phone is a very good and beneficial invention. Mobile phones bring about a feeling of security and safety since one can always reach family and friends in the event of a crisis. The participants were included in the study if they were capable of using mobile phones to reach others and for others to reach them. However, individual’s that did not have the technical ability to understand the other possible functions of the user-interface were excluded from the study. It is difficult to provide a interface that is Universal, because every individual is unique.

Structural bioinformatics deals with the analysis, classification and prediction of three-dimensional structures of biomacromolecules. It is becoming increasingly important as the number of structures is growing rapidly. This thesis describes three studies concerned with protein-function prediction and two studies about protein structure validation. New protein structures are often compared to known structures to find out if they have a known fold, which may provide hints about their function. The functionality and performance of eleven fold-comparison servers were evaluated. None of the tested servers achieved perfect recall, so in practise a combination of servers should be used. If fold comparison does not provide any hints about the function of a protein, structural motif searches can be employed. A survey of left-handed helices in known protein structures was carried out. The results show that left-handed helices are rare motifs, but most of them occur in active or ligand-binding sites. Their identification can therefore help to pinpoint potentially important residues. Sometimes all available methods fail to provide hints about the function of a protein. Therefore, the potential of using docking techniques to predict which ligands are likely to bind to a particular protein has been investigated. Initial results show that it will be difficult to build a reliable automated docking protocol that will suit all proteins. The effect of various phenomena on the precision of accessible surface area calculations was also investigated. The results suggest that it is prudent to report such values with a precision of 50 to 100 Å2. Finally, a survey of register shifts in known protein structures was carried out. The identified potential register shifts were analysed and classified. A machine-learning approach ("rough sets") was used in an attempt to diagnose register errors in structures.

Based on the study of available literature in this thesis are defined easily accessible poisons, which are carbofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, marijuana, methamphetamine, heroin and cocaine. The thesis is further defined by crime, with those readily available poisons committed on the territory of the Czech Republic. Defined easily accessible poisons were also associated with a particular crime that is committed to them and based on statistical outputs of the Czech Police and the National Drug Headquarters of the Police of the Czech Republic was conducted statistical research that is readily available to these poisons committing a crime on the territory of the Czech Republic, and whether there are differences in crime rates between different regions of the Czech Republic. The second part describes the methodology of work and research questions. The third part consists of the results which graphically compares crime committed with easily accessible poisons. The final part consists of discussions, where they are analyzed the achievements of work. To achieve the objectives in this work used data collection methods, analytical, mathematical and graphical. While writing this thesis I first considered studying literature in easily accessible poisons and study applicable laws, which serve as the legal basis for the definition of crimes. When I was writing a thesis based on research questions: They are easily accessible poisons available in the Czech Republic? There in the CR crime committed using readily available poisons? There are differences between individual regions in the Czech Republic? These research questions were answered by meeting our goals, namely the Czech Republic are readily available poisons available with them commit crime in the crimes committed there are differences between individual regions.

136 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-25T19:07:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Daniela Barbosa.pdf: 1573498 bytes, checksum: 0500962e7128f6255e72b6f1e89ac238 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T18:18:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Daniela Barbosa.pdf: 1573498 bytes, checksum: 0500962e7128f6255e72b6f1e89ac238 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T18:18:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Daniela Barbosa.pdf: 1573498 bytes, checksum: 0500962e7128f6255e72b6f1e89ac238 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / A dissertação intitulada ?O ensino fundamental e o direito à educação, um estudo das normas constitucionais no Município de Salvador? tem por objeto a investigação da legislação educacional, englobando não somente a Constituição Federal, mas também normas infraconstitucionais, e sua contribuição para a implantação de políticas públicas, e criação de condições indispensáveis ao exercício da cidadania, pela efetivação do direito à educação. Questiona-se, portanto, se a legislação brasileira, especialmente, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, tem contribuído para a adoção de políticas públicas, e para a utilização das medidas judiciais postas à disposição dos cidadãos, no sentido da efetivação do direito à educação no Município de Salvador, especialmente no que se refere ao ensino fundamental (obrigatório e gratuito), tendo em vista a sua natureza de direito público subjetivo. Analisa-se o direito à educação, categorizado como direito social, utilizando-se estudos relativos à aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais, e ainda, a teoria da legislação simbólica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica documental, notadamente a análise de obras científicas, documentos legais e jurisprudência, aliada ao levantamento e análise de dados secundários, especialmente, estatísticas oficiais e entrevistas. Conclui-se da investigação realizada que as normas previstas em lei não se têm revelado plenamente eficazes (eficácia social) para impor ao Estado o cumprimento dos preceitos legais, no que se refere à concretização do ensino fundamental, no Município de Salvador, na medida em que, não obstante sejam reconhecidos os avanços obtidos, sobretudo no que se refere ao acesso ao ensino, questões concernentes à qualidade do ensino e permanência do aluno nas escolas ainda não foram solucionadas, não se tendo obtido, da mesma forma, a tão sonhada universalização do ensino fundamental. / Salvador

O uso de sistemas quâticos como parte de sistemas de comunicação tem sido fonte de interessantes problemas muitos ainda sem solução. No presente trabalho, apresentamos os conceitos básicos em teoria da informação e mecânica quântica necessários ao entendimento do problema do cálculo da informação acessível, cuja solução maximiza a informação mútua de Shannon para um canal definido por um ensemble de estados quâticos dados a priori. Propomos o uso do método de otimização global Branch and Bound aliado à aritmética intervalar para a estimação de limites mais precisos que os teóricos disponíveis para a informação acessível. Experimentos numéricos e resultados relacionados são apresentados. / The use of quantum systems as part of the communication systems has been source of interesting problems many without solution. In the present work, we show the basic concepts of information theory and quantum mechanics necessary to understand the accessible information problem, whose solution maximizes the Shannon mutual information for a channel defined by an ensemble of quantum states given a priori. In order to estimate more precise bounds for accessible information, we propose the use of Branch and Bound method with interval arithmetic. Numerical experiments and related results are exhibited.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiordanaCC.pdf: 4841616 bytes, checksum: 41c40052d07891b5f77969e7e04df445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space / A an?lise do atendimento ?s necessidades das Pessoas com Defici?ncia possibilitada pelo espa?o f?sico de duas escolas da rede municipal de Natal / RN, originou este trabalho que teve como meta geral subsidiar a elabora??o de alternativas para o planejamento de ambientes destinados ? utiliza??o de todas as pessoas. O estudo recorreu ? pesquisa emp?rica, atrav?s da ado??o de uma abordagem multi-m?todo, envolvendo: (i) vistoria t?cnica orientada pela NBR 9050, (ii) contacto com usu?rios que possuem mobilidade reduzida (deficientes visuais e usu?rios de cadeira de rodas e muletas) com a realiza??o de passeio acompanhado e entrevista, e (iii) entrevista com os gestores escolares. A pesquisa evidenciou que, apesar dos significativos avan?os garantidos pelas leis espec?ficas que garantam aos PDs o direito ? cidadania, o ambiente f?sico de nossas escolas ainda cont?m muitos obst?culos que impedem a mobilidade das pessoas com defici?ncia, evidenciando seu despreparo para receb?-las. Nesse sentido, as a??es relacionadas ? acessibilidade f?sica t?m sido marcadas pela ado??o de solu??es paliativas que dificultam a melhor adequa??o do espa?o, acumulam barreiras e refor?am uma segrega??o n?o desejada, por?m, ainda, muito presente em nossa sociedade. Finalmente, indica-se que, para alcan?ar uma configura??o espacial que favore?a a sociabilidade e a intera??o entre indiv?duos com diferentes condi??es f?sicas, ? necess?ria a compreens?o plena das atividades desenvolvidas em cada espa?o, desde a concep??o dos equipamentos at? as necessidades pedag?gicas individuais, tendo em vista criar ambientes que estimulem o desempenho das tarefas de maneira independente, sem aux?lio de outros. A inser??o da preocupa??o com a acessibilidade no processo de tomada de decis?es, direcionadas para o projeto arquitet?nico e urban?stico, possibilitaria a diminui??o da cont?nua necessidade de se re-projetar e adaptar espa?os, devendo ser incorporada, definitivamente, como importante componente da produ??o do espa?o

A atividade turística desenvolve-se, na contemporaneidade, como um fenômeno que desloca um grande volume de pessoas que saem de sua rotina diária, em busca de novas experiências, cumprindo o turismo um papel na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Diferente de um pensamento de outrora, algumas políticas do turismo do nosso tempo procuram assumir uma postura de maior inclusão, oportunizando grupos omitidos a participarem de atividades ligadas ao turismo, em destaque as pessoas com deficiência (PcDs). Enquanto circunstância essencial para a inclusão das PcDs, a acessibilidade e suas dimensões, em conjunto com o Desenho Universal e a Tecnologia Assistiva, permitem a todos e também às pessoas com deficiência alcançar, adentrar e usufruir espaços, produtos e serviços com autonomia e segurança. Esta realidade carece de estudos que venham averiguar a relação turismo e acessibilidade, por meio do conhecimento produzido nas academias de ensino. Desta forma, esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal, elaborar uma análise teórica sobre o turismo e acessibilidade nos cursos de pós-graduação (stricto sensu) no Brasil, entre os anos de 1987 a 2016, com foco na produção de teses e dissertações neste período. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, esta investigação valeu-se de um levantamento e de revisão bibliográfica acerca das temáticas propostas e análise das produções acadêmicas (Teses e Dissertações). Como resultados, levantou-se e inventariou-se 98 teses e dissertações produzidas em IES no Brasil, que demostraram uma similaridade entre acessibilidade e turismo, no que tange à multidisciplinaridade e à interdisciplinaridade com as outras áreas de conhecimento. A acessibilidade associada ao conteúdo de turismo somente é estudada após os anos 2000, denotando certa jovialidade no desenvolvimento deste tema na produção do conhecimento. Por fim, percebeu-se que a acessibilidade é apoiada por uma ampla legislação, entretanto, em grande parte, estas leis são ignoradas ou desconhecidas pelos diversos stakeholders envolvidos, resultando em exclusão e preconceitos contra as pessoas com deficiência em diversos âmbitos da sociedade, assim como na atividade turística / The tourist activity develops in the contemporaneity as a phenomenon that displaces a great volume of people who leave their daily routine, in search of new experiences, fulfilling a role in the quality of life to the human being. Different from a thinking of a recent past, the tourism policy of nowadays strives to assume a posture of greater inclusion, giving opportunity of omitted groups to participate in activities associated to tourism, in particular the disabled people. As an essential circumstance for the inclusion of people with disabilities (PwD), the accessibility and its dimensions, together with universal design and assistive technology, allow everyone, as well, people with disabilities to reach, enter and enjoy spaces, products and services with autonomy and security. This reality lacks studies that come to ascertain the relation between tourism and accessibility through the knowledge produced in the postgraduate courses. Thus, this dissertation has as main objective, to elaborate a theoretical analysis on tourism and accessibility in postgraduate courses in Brazil between 1987 and 2016, encompassing the production of theses and dissertations in this period. In order to reach the proposed objectives, this investigation is supported by a bibliographic research of literature available, revision about the proposed themes and analysis of postgraduate productions (Theses and Dissertations). As a result, were analyzed 98 theses and dissertations produced in Postgraduate Education Institutions in Brazil that showed a similarity on study topics between accessibility and tourism in terms of multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity with other areas of knowledge. Studies on accessibility and tourism arises only after the 2000s, denoting a certain joviality in the development of this theme in the production of knowledge. Finally, its realized that accessibility is supported by broad legislation, but so far extent these laws are ignored or unknown by the various stakeholders involved, resulting in exclusion and prejudices against people with disabilities in various spheres of society, as well as in tourism

Human qualities are only developed in human society by means of interaction with others. Since a child is born, he/she sees, hears, touches, and tastes things. That means visual and aural stimuli are natural for human beings and these stimuli are also present on videos. Perhaps, this is the reason why videos have a huge impact on society. An evidence of the popularity of videos growing in society can be observed in the large volume of videos uploaded onto YouTube or the number of videos posted on Facebook. Besides, the rise of smartphones has increased the number of users that not only watch but also produce videos. However, what happens to people who cannot access those contents because they have disabilities or some temporary illness. To avoid excluding people from understanding video content, it is important to provide a video with accessibility. Thus, about 23.9% of the Brazil population who declared themselves with disabilities will benefit from accessible videos. Standards, laws and regulations to promote video accessibility have been developed. Research studies about accessible video players, improving captioning, resources about sign language, and implementation of the content enrichment have also been developed. In spite of the video production process being well defined, current research and market practices do not take accessibility into account as part of its stages. They do not explain how amateur authors can create alternative content following guidelines or how to incorporate accessibility guidelines to the video production process. This thesis proposes a method, called Video4All, for alternative content authoring as part of an accessible video production process. Video4All is composed by a set of activities, including alternative content guidelines, and alternative content evaluation. A case study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of applying the proposed method by amateur authors, evaluating their generated alternative content. In order to describe the process, was incorporated accessibility in all stages and the case studies reported the difficulties which users had during the interaction with an accessible video player. Additionally, the proposal involved the development of an alternative content evaluation method as a means to provide a quality measure, enabling authors to better understand the accessibility level of the alternative content they create. The accessible video production process can be used by any amateur author to improve the accessibility of their videos. Moreover, Video4All helps the authoring and evaluation of alternative content. / As qualidades humanas somente são desenvolvidas na sociedade através da interação com os outros. Desde que a criança nasce, ela vê, ouve, toca, e sente as coisas. Portanto, estímulos visuais e auditivos são naturais para o homem, e estes estímulos também estão presentes em vídeos. Pode ser que seja esse o motivo pelo qual os vídeos causam grande impacto na sociedade. Uma evidência da popularidade e do crescimento de vídeos na sociedade é a grande quantidade de vídeos carregados no YouTube ou o grande número de vídeos postados no Facebook. Além disso, o surgimento dos smartphones tem aumentado a quantidade de usuários que não só assistem vídeos, mas também fazem vídeos. Mas o quê acontece com as pessoas que não podem acessar estes conteúdos por terem alguma deficiência ou doença temporária? Para evitar que pessoas não compreendam o conteúdo do vídeo, é importante fornecer um vídeo com acessibilidade, assim, por exemplo, cerca de 23,9% do total da população de Brasil, declaradas com deficiência, serão beneficiadas. Diretrizes e leis para promover a acessibilidade para vídeos foram desenvolvidas. Existem também pesquisas sobre reprodutores de vídeo acessíveis, melhoramento da legenda, recursos sobre a língua de sinais e implementações para enriquecer conteúdos. Apesar do processo de produção de vídeo estar bem definido, as práticas e pesquisas atuais não consideram acessibilidade em seus estágios. Não se explica como autores amadores podem criar conteúdo alternativo considerando as diretrizes ou como incorporar essas diretrizes de acessibilidade no processo de produção de vídeo. Esta tese propõe um método, chamado Video4All, para a autoria de conteúdo alternativo dentro de um processo de produção de vídeo acessível. O Video4All é composto por um conjunto de atividades, incluindo diretrizes para conteúdo alternativo e avaliação desse conteúdo. Estudos de caso foram realizados para verificar a eficácia da aplicação do método proposto por autores amadores, avaliando o seu conteúdo alternativo criado. Assim, ao processo foi incorporada acessibilidade em todos os estágios, considerando-se estudos de caso que relataram as dificuldades que os usuários têm durante a interação com um reprodutor de vídeo acessível. Adicionalmente, foi desenvolvido um método de avaliação do conteúdo alternativo para obter uma medida de qualidade, de forma que os autores entendam melhor o nível de acessibilidade do conteúdo alternativo. O processo de produção de vídeo acessível pode ser utilizado por qualquer autor amador para melhorar a acessibilidade nos seus vídeos. O Video4All também auxilia na criação e avaliação de conteúdo alternativo.

Externhandelsområden står inför stora utmaningar i och med den digitaliserade handeln och samhällets utveckling mot det hållbara samhället. I takt med att städerna växer blir de externa handelsområdena en del av staden. Järfälla kommun i Stockholms län, nämner i sin översiktsplan att Barkarby Handelsplats år 2050 ska ha en stadsmässig bebyggelse som binder samman kommunens centrum till en stor kommunkärna. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka möjligheterna att minska den externahandelns bilberoende genom förtätning. Frågan besvarades genom ett områdesförslag för Barkarby Handelsplats där handeln har anpassats till en stadsmässig struktur, med god tillgänglighet och fortsatt ekonomiskt värde. Genom teoretiska studier om förtätning kunde det konstateras att förtätning är en fungerande strategi för minskad biltrafik, om det görs i samband med en förbättrad kollektivtrafik. Studierna visade också att handeln anpassas allt mer till ett digitaliserat samhälle samtidigt som vikten av fysiska butiker fortfarandeär viktig för lönsamheten. Genom att minska butiksytorna och implementera hemleverans för stora varor kunde handeln anpassas till en stadsmässig struktur. För att behålla områdets tillgänglighet förbättrades områdets gång- och cykelnät, parkeringsplatser samlades vid områdets utkant och en ny kollektivtrafiklinje drogs genom området. / Decentralized retail sites are facing increased challenges with retail digitalization. Another challenge is that societies are progressing towards sustainable cities. As the cities grow the decentralized retail sites are becoming a centralized part of the city. Järfälla municipality in Stockholm County, mentions in their latest comprehensive plan that Barkarby Retail Center will have an urban development scheme in 2050. The plan also states that the area will be a part in connecting the local municipality centers. The aim of this study was to determine the possibilities of reducing car dependency in decentralized retail sites with compact development. The study resulted in an area proposal for Barkarby Retail Center, where the existing retail were adapted to an urban development with an improved accessibility and continued economic value. Theoretical studies concluded that compact development is a working strategy to make people drive less, if it is combined with an improved public transport. The studies also concluded that even though the retail is getting more digitalized, the importance of physical stores is still proven to be important for profitability. By minimizing the retail space and implementing home delivery for bulky goods, the decentralized retail could be adapted to an urban development scheme. In order to maintain the accessibility of the area, the area’s pedestrian and bicycle networks were improved, parking spaces were gathered at the outskirts of the area and a new public transport line was drawn through the area.

Diploma thesis deals with the design of the automatically controlled ramp for the boarding of physically disabled people in city buses. The initial research section deals with the regulations and directives that must be respected in the design, the issue of wheelchair mobility and the analysis of design considered elements. In the second part the thesis goes to the chosen design solution. The design input parameters are the height of the ramp cassette, the slope of the ramp when boarding and the width of the boarding platform. The platform is extended by a pair of pneumatic cylinders along with a scissor mechanism guided in a linear ball guide. The boarding platform is made of an aluminium honeycomb panel which strength is verified by analytical calculation. At the front edge, the boarding platform is equipped with a pressure-sensitive edge The ramp cassette is made up of a welded frame of steel profiles and subjected to stress strain analysis. The thesis is accompanied by complete drawing documentation.