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Análise da Implantação das Ações Estratégicas para a Redução da Mortalidade Infantil Neonatal em Municípios do Estado de Mato GrossoLuna, Stella Maris Malpici 19 March 2015 (has links)
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TESE. STELLA LUNA. 2015.pdf: 3644648 bytes, checksum: 7e84216ab529a92791f01a0b5e61bf7c (MD5) / Este estudo avaliou a implantação das ações estratégicas, a partir do Pacto Pela Redução da Mortalidade Infantil na região Nordeste e Amazônia Legal, em dois municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso, no período de 2009 a 2013. As contribuições teórico-metodológicas de Wholey (1977), Matus (1993), Testa (1995) e Denis e Champagne (1997) subsidiaram o estudo de avaliabilidade, a análise das características de governo e da gestão da saúde e o grau de implantação das ações estratégicas. Foi construído o modelo causal, da intervenção e o teórico lógico para subsidiar a avaliação. A pesquisa avaliativa foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira, realizou-se um estudo de avaliabilidade da intervenção e, na segunda, uma análise das características de governo e da gestão da saúde e do grau da implantação das ações. Dos treze municípios prioritários de Mato Grosso, estabelecidos no Pacto, foram selecionados como municípios-caso deste estudo, Cuiabá e Poconé a partir de critérios pré-estabelecidos. O estudo de dois casos foi realizado por meio de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando-se de dados primários e secundários. Foram conduzidas entrevistas com cinquenta e nove informantes-chave e realizada análise documental e observação de campo. A coleta dos dados e a observação de campo foram realizadas no período de abril a setembro de 2013. Os dados foram analisados por categorias, conforme o quadro teórico. O estudo de avaliabilidade demonstrou que as ações estratégicas estavam suficientemente estruturadas para permitir avaliações sistemáticas e havia clima político favorável para sua implementação. Contudo, as características de governo e de gestão da saúde que influenciaram negativamente a implementação do Plano, em ambos os municípios-caso, foram uma baixa governabilidade, principalmente, por instabilidade política e desgaste da gestão local e baixa capacidade de governo marcada por dificuldades na política de gestão de pessoas que resultou em um Plano Municipal frágil. Observou-se uma prática de planejamento não estruturada com caráter mais burocrático e ritualístico, não havendo acompanhamento e avaliação sistemática do Plano. Em 2013, as ações estratégicas para redução da mortalidade infantil neonatal no município de Cuiabá, foram classificadas como em estágio intermediário (51,4%), enquanto para o município de Poconé, elas se mostraram incipientes (42,9%). A vigilância do óbito materno e infantil, além da mobilização social estão entre os componentes menos implantados. As principais causas de mortes neonatais estiveram relacionadas aos cuidados imediatos ao recém-nascido, tendo o maior número os óbitos neonatais ocorridos por aspiração de mecônio e por causas redutíveis por adequado controle na gravidez. Recomenda-se ampliar e qualificar a atenção primária à saúde, implementar e qualificar a vigilância do óbito e nascimento, garantir apoio logístico integrado à rede de atenção à saúde, implementar o complexo regulador e a atenção especializada, fortalecer e melhorar a qualidade das maternidades, instituir Plano de Carreira no SUS para valorizar os profissionais de saúde e ampliar a qualidade da atenção, monitorando a execução das ações estratégicas.
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Contribution à la sécurité d'un système Homme-Agroéquipement : spécification d'un générateur de plans d'actions alternatifs pour l'analyse d'erreurs humainesBen Yahia, Wided 06 February 2012 (has links)
Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur l’élaboration d’une approche d’anticipation des comportements possibles de l’opérateur humain lorsqu’il ne respecte pas certaines règles de sécurité. Le non-respect des règles de sécurité, considéré comme une erreur humaine, constitue la source majeure d’incidents/accidents dans le domaine des agroéquipements. Ce domaine caractérisé par un manque de formalisation de son REX. L’approche proposée consiste à définir une méthodologie permettant de proposer des plans d’actions humaines possibles résultant d’un non-respect des règles de sécurité et de les évaluer par la suite. La génération des plans d’actions alternatifs aux prescriptions est réalisée à travers un outil que nous avons développé, baptisé A2PG (Alternative Action Plan Generator). Ce dernier, s’inspirant des modèles de l’opérateur humain, est basé sur les paramètres suivants à définir : la tâche à réaliser et le catalogue d’actions qui contient l’ensemble des actions, des pré-conditions nécessaires et de sécurité associées à chaque action ainsi que les effets de l’exécution de l’action. Le non-respect peut être modélisé au niveau d’A2PG par la variation d’au moins un de ses paramètres (sauf les pré-conditions nécessaires). Nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement à la variation des pré-conditions de sécurité, c'est-à-dire la non-prise en compte par l’opérateur humain des pré-conditions de sécurité. Des algorithmes de génération des plans d’actions alternatifs ont été mises en œuvre. L’identification des plans a été réalisée à travers une adaptation de l’algorithme SHOP2 qui se base sur le planificateur HTN (Hierarchical Task Network). Les plans alternatifs sont élaborer par un algorithme qui permet principalement de définir les combinaisons de pré-conditions de sécurité à considéré dans la spécification d’A2PG et dont au moins une pré-condition de sécurité est supprimée. L’applicabilité de l’approche a été démontrée sur le cas des tondeuses à gazon autoportées. / These research works concern the development of an approach anticipating the possible human behaviours when they do not respect safety rules. The failure in complying with safety rules, considered human error, is the major source of incidents/accidents in agricultural equipment field. The proposed approach consists in defining a tool for generation of human action plans. An action plan is a sequence of actions allowing the achievement goal. The identification of these plans is done through the implementation of algorithms of planning methods based on hirerachical methods. These allow the decomposition of tasks into sub-tasks according to the chose specification of the generator. This specification consists in defining the parameters of the generator in order to simulate the failure in complying with safety rule. It concerns the following input parameters; task to achieve, safety preconditions, action effects, actions, list. Work then focus on the defining of a strategy based on the expert judgements to assess the human action plans, produced by the generator, in terms of credibility. The developed approach is a part of an improvement human factors consideration in risk analysis of agricultural equipment. Finally, this approach is demonstrated by its application to the riding lawn mower.
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Handlingsplaner i matematik : Innebörd och Operationalisering av Likvärdighet / Action plans in mathematics : Meaning and Operationalization of EquityJohansson, Åsa Maria, Lindegren-Österholm, Cecilia January 2019 (has links)
In the Swedish school as well as internationally, the concept of equity has in recent decades gained a prominent position. At the same time, the Swedish school has become municipalized and developed to become goal- and result driven, and one way of governing the results is by the development of various action plans. The purpose of this study, based on the above, has been to investigate equity in different action plans in mathematics focusing meaning and operationalization. With the help of critical discourse analysis (CDA), text from five different plans of action in mathematics has been examined. The result constructed three discourses of equity where equity is described and operationalized; equity as Achievement, equity as Access and equity as Power and Identity. As CDA states, by looking at the discourses in the social practice in which they operate and by realizing how power-relations shapes assumptions and actions around equity in a totality of politics, ideologies, pedagogy and economic and political strategies, changes can be achieved. In this way, the mathematical action plans can thus play a crucial role of influencing the view of equity as concept and meaning. By the writing of action plans, special education is given the opportunity to shape the way of looking at equity, but also how it could be operationalized in practice in order to get benefits in the society in the long run, and to increase the well-being of the individual. / I såväl den svenska skolan som internationellt har begreppet likvärdighet under de senaste decennierna fått en alltmer framträdande position. Som ett parallellt spår har den svenska skolan blivit kommunaliserad och utvecklats till att bli mål- och resultatstyrd, där ett sätt att styra är genom utvecklandet av olika handlingsplaner. Syftet med denna studie har utifrån ovanstående ansats varit att undersöka likvärdighet i olika handlingsplaner i matematik med avseende på innebörder och operationalisering. Med hjälp av kritisk diskursanalys (CDA) har texten i fem olika handlingsplaner i matematik granskats. Resultatet visar att tre diskurser av likvärdighet är gällande inom vilka likvärdighet beskrivs och operationaliseras; likvärdighet som Prestation, likvärdighet som Tillgång samt likvärdighet som Makt och Identitet. Genom att se diskurserna i den sociala praktik inom vilken de verkar och hur maktrelationer formar antaganden och handlingar kring likvärdighet i en social helhet av politik, ideologier, pedagogik samt ekonomiska och politiska strategier kan, likt CDA anger, förändring äga rum. På detta sätt kan handlingsplanen alltså inta rollen som en påverkansfaktor. Genom författandet av handlingsplaner ges så specialpedagogiken möjlighet att forma sättet att se på likvärdighet samt hur denna i praktiken kan operationaliseras så att samhället i förlängningen gynnas och välmående för individen ökar.
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Challenging Assumptions: Unveiling the Effects of Political Ideology on the Implementation of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) AgendaMöhrle, Daike January 2023 (has links)
Twenty-three years after the ground-breaking UN Resolution 1325, the goal of worldwide gender equality is still not achieved. This paper investigates how a government's political ideology is related to its Women, Peace and Security (WPS) approach. The research question is addressed by arguing that the political ideology of a government influences the quality of its WPS approaches and implementation attempts differently due to varying inherent institutional norms. The hypothesis and theoretical argument suggest that left-wing governments promote gender-friendly norms and support gender equality approaches, leading to better WPS implementation. To test this hypothesis, an Ordinal Logistic Regression is run for countries worldwide that have developed at least one National Action Plan (NAP) between 2006 and 2021. The empirical findings partially reject the hypothesis' expected direction, showing that leftist governments not only positively impact WPS quality when compared to rightist counterparts. Additionally, the research indicates that institutional norms are not a causal mechanism but another independent effect. The findings further suggest that gender inequality plays a role in WPS implementation, with greater inequality associated with better NAP quality. These contradicting findings call for future research, especially by focusing on finding new ways to measure the WPS implementation efforts.
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A critical analysis of evidence-based practice in healthcare : the case of asthma action plansRing, Nicola A. January 2013 (has links)
Evidence-based practice is an integral part of multi-disciplinary healthcare, but its routine clinical implementation remains a challenge internationally. Written asthma action plans are an example of sub-optimal evidence-based practice because, despite being recommended, these plans are under-issued by health professionals and under-used by patients/carers. This thesis is a critical analysis of the generation and implementation of evidence in this area and provides fresh insight into this specific theory/practice gap. This submission brings together, in five published papers, a body of work conducted by the candidate. Findings report that known barriers to action plan use (such as a lack of practitioner time) are symptomatic of deeper and more complex underlying factors. In particular, over-reliance on knowledge derived from randomised controlled trials and their systematic review, as the primary and sole source of evidence for healthcare practice, hindered the implementation of these plans. A lack of evidence reflecting the personal experience of using these plans in the real world, rather than in trial settings, contributed to a mismatch between what patients/carers want from asthma action plans and what they are currently being provided with by professionals. This submission illustrates the benefits of utilising a broader range of knowledge as a basis for clinical practice. The presented papers report how new and innovative research methodologies (including meta-ethnography and cross-study synthesis) can be used to synthesise individual studies reporting the personal experiences of patients and professionals and how such findings can then be used to better understand why interventions can be implemented in trial settings rather than everyday practice. Whilst these emerging approaches have great potential to contribute to evidence-based practice by, for example, strengthening the ‘weight’ of experiential knowledge, there are methodological challenges which, whilst acknowledged, have yet to be fully addressed.
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An activity plan for Indian Road SafetyKumar Mavoori, Arvind January 2005 (has links)
<p>Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India. </p><p>The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement issues. </p><p>The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India. The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. </p><p>The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve many different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India</p>
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An activity plan for Indian Road SafetyKumar Mavoori, Arvind January 2005 (has links)
Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India. The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement issues. The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India. The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve many different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India
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O programa de pós-graduação lato sensu em gestão e avaliação da educação pública: um estudo sobre os processos de planejamento, implementação e avaliação da formação junto aos gestores de escolas estaduais da CREDE 19 no CearáGomes, Antonia Edna Belém 15 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como foram conduzidos os processos de planejamento, implementação e avaliação do Programa de Pós Graduação Lato Sensu em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública, no desenho de sua primeira edição (2009 a 2011), no recorte da 19ª coordenadoria Regional de Desenvolvimento da Educação - CREDE/SEDUC, para propor melhorias na formação dos gestores escolares. A opção por este tema está diretamente ligada às atribuições da pesquisadora enquanto coordenadora da 18ª coordenadoria Regional de Desenvolvimento da Educação e ex-coordenadora da 19ª coordenadoria Regional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, e pelo entendimento de que o desenvolvimento profissional de gestores pode representar uma melhoria no processo de gestão e, por conseguinte, nos resultados escolares. Assim, com base na realização de um estudo de caso, diante de uma perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa, e utilizando como aporte teórico, principalmente, os estudos de Lück (2000, 2009, 2011, 2011b), Libâneo et. al. (2009), Mintzberg (2010) e Machado (2012), procura-se demonstrar como o curso foi avaliado pelas instituições responsáveis do governo, como os cursistas receberam os ensinamentos relacionados à sua função na escola, especialmente no que tange à questão da gestão participativa, bem como se os Planos de Ação Educacionais (PAEs) elaborados pelos gestores como trabalho de conclusão de curso foram ou estão em processo de implantação em escolas do estado. Desse modo, este trabalho tem os seguintes objetivos específicos: (i) descrever a política de formação de gestores escolares da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Ceará; (ii) descrever o curso de formação do Programa de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (SEDUC/CAEd), analisando a condução dos processos de planejamento, implementação e avaliação do programa; (iii) responder até que ponto o gestor escolar participante da pesquisa encontrou na Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública subsídios para melhorar seu conhecimento e sua prática sobre uma Gestão Estratégica e Participativa; (iv) apresentar um Plano de Ação para a formação continuada dos gestores das escolas estaduais da 19ª CREDE. Dessa forma, foi detectado, entre outras coisas, que a maior parte dos gestores/cursistas entende o curso ofertado como uma boa oportunidade de aprendizagem, e percebem, na prática a utilização dos conhecimentos adquiridos. / The aim of this paper is to analyze how they were conducted the planning, implementation and evaluation processes on the Program of Post-Graduation Lato Sensu in Management and Evaluation of Public Education, on its first edition design (2009-2011), within the 19th Regional Coordination on Education Development - CREDE/SEDUC scope, in order to propose improvements in school managers instruction. The choice for this issue is directly linked to the role of the researcher as coordinator on the 18th CREDE and former coordinator on the 19th CREDE, and the understanding that the professional development of managers may represent an improvement in management process and, therefore, on school results. Thus, based on a case study, considering a qualitative approach, and using as theoretical mainly the studies of Lück (2000, 2009, 2011, 2011b), Libâneo et. al. (2009), Mintzberg (2010) and Machado (2012), we demonstrate how the course was evaluated by the government responsible institutions, how the students received teachings related to their function in the schools, especially regarding to the issue of participative management, as well as if the Educational Action Plans developed by the managers as the course conclusion work were or have been implemented inside the state schools. Thus, this work has the following specific aims: (i) describe the policy of schools managers’ instruction from the Department of Education from the State of Ceará (Secretaria de Educação do Ceará); (ii) describe the course of Post-Graduation Lato Sensu in Management and Evaluation of Public Education (SEDUC/CAEd), analyzing the conduction of its planning, implementation and evaluation processes; (iii) answer to what extent the school manager participant of this research found on the Program of Post-Graduation Lato Sensu in Management and Evaluation of Public Education grants to improve their knowledge and practice on the Strategic and Participative management; (iv) Present an Educational Action Plan to the continuous instruction of managers from the state schools under the supervision by the 19th Regional Coordination for Education Development (CREDE 19). Thereby, it was detected, among other things, that most managers / students understand the offered course as a good learning opportunity, and realize in their practice the use of the knowledge acquired.
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Våld i nära relationer : En kvalitativ studie om gräsrotsbyråkraternas arbete kring våldsutsatta kvinnorErlandsson, Malin, Erlandsson, Maria-Therés January 2017 (has links)
There are few studies done on the work of social services on women exposed to violence. The work of social services with women exposed to violence has been a hot topic in the social policy debate. There have also been legislative changes to strengthen the work and help around women who are exposed to violent. The overall issues of the study focus on investigating the importance of social workers experiences in the work around the womens exposed to violence with the different types of policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations? We also wanted to explore how we can understand the importance of policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations and how it works when social workers use these in their work around women exposed to violence? The empirical study has mainly been gathered through qualitative semistructured interviews with professional social workers in the Swedish municipalities social services. We have interviewed six different social workers in four different municipalities all in the southern part of Sweden. Previous research has also been studied, national and international. The collected empiricism has been analyzed using the theory developed by Michael Lipsky, and we have also used Roine Johansson's interpretation of grassroots bureaucracy to gain a deeper understanding of our data material. We received data showing that the social worker decides on actions motivated by the policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations they relate to. We saw that the policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations that the social workers worked with were very different in their design, which meant that there were different structured structures within the organizations in the different municipalities, which resulted in differences in how to work. We also saw that the social worker had different experiences of how far and wide the use of these documents was, and that we could see the significance of social workers who experienced the documents in their work. The study depicts how social workers perceive that policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations affect their work around women exposed to violence, and how we can understand the importance of policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations and how it works when social workers use them in their work around women exposed to violence. The main conclusion in this study is that the social worker provides assistance, support and assistance to the woman as she fits into what the social worker's policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations describe. If the woman exposed to violence does not comply with the criteria such as policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations, then there are reasons for granting the victim of violence to receive support and assistance. The study also shows how clients are categorized to fit into the organization, they are interpreted renegotiated and adapted to fit the social services organization. The study also shows that some of the social workers use and follow the policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations more than others and it is also clear that they can be used in order to give more specialized efforts to the victim of violence. / Det finns få studier kring socialtjänstens arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Socialtjänstens arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor har utgjort ett hett ämne i den socialpolitiska debatten. Det har även skett lagförändringar för att stärka arbetet och hjälpen kring de våldsutsatta kvinnorna. Studiens övergripande frågeställningar fokuserar på att undersöka vilken betydelse socialarbetaren upplever att olika typer av policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter har i sitt arbete kring de våldsutsatta kvinnorna. Vi ville även undersöka hur vi kan förstå betydelsen av policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter och hur det går till när socialarbetaren använder sig av dessa i sitt arbete kring våldsutsatta kvinnor. Studiens empiri har huvudsakligen samlats in genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma och professionella socialarbetare inom Sveriges kommuners socialtjänster. Vi har intervjuat sex olika socialarbetare inom fyra olika kommuner alla inom området södra Sverige. Tidigare forskning har även studerats, nationell och internationell. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med hjälp av teori som har utvecklats av Michael Lipsky och vi har även använt oss av Roine Johanssons tolkning av gräsrotsbyråkrati för att få en djupare förståelse för vårt datamaterial. Vi fick fram data som visar att socialarbetaren beslutar om insatser begrundat i den policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter som finns att förhålla sig till. Vi såg att de policys, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter som socialarbetarna arbetade utefter var väldigt olika i sin utformning och det gjorde att det blev olika uppbyggda strukturer inom organisationerna i de olika kommunerna vilket resulterat i att det är skillnader i hur man arbetar. Vi kunde även se att socialarbetaren hade olika upplevelser av hur stor och bred användning dessa dokument har samt att vi kunde se vilken betydelse socialarbetarna upplevde att dokumenten hade i sitt arbete. Studien skildrar hur socialarbetare upplever att policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter påverkar deras arbete kring våldsutsatta kvinnor. Studien skildrar även hur vi kan förstå betydelsen av policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter och hur det går till när socialarbetaren använder sig av dessa i arbetet kring våldsutsatta kvinnor. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen i den här studien är att socialarbetaren ger insatser, stöd och hjälp till kvinnan när hon passar in i det som socialarbetarens policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter beskriver. Om den våldsutsatta kvinnan inte stämmer överens med de kriterier som policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter har så krävs det motiveringar för att bevilja att den våldsutsatta kvinnan ska få stöd och hjälp. Studien visar även hur klienterna kategoriseras för att passa in i organisationen, de tolkas omförhandlas och anpassas för att passa in i socialtjänstens organisation. Studien visar även att en del av socialarbetarna använder sig och följer de policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter mer än andra och det är även tydligt att de kan användas i syfte att ge den våldsutsatta kvinnan mer specialiserade insatser.
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Shaping the Climate Action trajectory within the Fashion Industry : a case study of a Small Medium Sized EnterpriseKristjónsdóttir, Marta Karen January 2019 (has links)
The apparel and footwear industry’s contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the fifth largest per industry, equal to that of livestock, after electricity and heat, oil and gas, agriculture, and transportation (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). For industry-wide emissions reduction, investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency programs across highest impacting life cycle phases offer the most effective solution. However, identifying the highest impacting life cycles phases shows varied results depending on the particular type of business model under examination. This paper responds to the lack of existing data and empirical research on how to accurately measure, report and reduce carbon emissions across the highly complex and globally interconnected apparel value chain. This is done through a single case study investigation of an Icelandic fashion brand. A hybrid approach of a standard Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Sustainable Global Value Chain (SGVC) functions to produce a Hotspot Identification Tool (HIT) to establish a holistic portrayal of business operations in relation to emission impacts and level of controllability across Scopes. The conceptual analysis and qualitative results identify the most relevant emission hotspots to lie within the company’s privately owned manufacturing facilities, as well as the procurement phase, due to its direct connection with and influence on material production, user phase, and end-of-life. The main obstacle in this pursuit is identified as restriction of resources in terms of time, capital and expertise. It is suggested that this be overcome by joining a Multi-Stakeholder Initiative where resources and expertise is pooled in a pre-competitive manner to reach common objectives. The investigation further suggests a need for global fashion brands to leverage their influential position on down- and upstream activities across the value chain, i.e. with their supply chain partners and consumers. I argue that fashion brands play an integral role in supporting local efforts to build a decarbonisation pathway towards climate neutral economies on a global scale.
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