Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del Control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo en niños nacidos en un centro de salud de Chiclayo periodo 2020-2022. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, se basó en los criterios de rigor científico: validez, objetividad y los principios éticos. La población estuvo constituida por 311 historias clínicas de niños nacidos en los años 2020, 2021 y 2022 del Centro de Salud José Leonardo Ortiz, siendo la muestra final de 173 historias clínicas y se obtuvo mediante el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó como instrumento una ficha de recolección según la Norma Técnica para el Control del Niño, que recogió ciertas características: datos generales sobre el niño, madre y padre; número de controles de crecimiento y desarrollo; condición de crecimiento y estado nutricional; y el diagnóstico del desarrollo Psicomotor. El procesamiento y análisis de la información se realizó en hojas de Excel 2016 y en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22 a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El 58.3% de recién nacidos tuvieron 4 controles, el 37,8% de los niños tienen condición de crecimiento adecuado y el 36,9% obtuvo un desarrollo psicomotor normal. Conclusiones: La mitad de los recién nacidos, menos de la octava parte de los niños menores de 1 año y muy pocos niños de 1 año tienen los controles recomendados según edad, la cifra es preocupante porque puede repercutir en la detección temprana de alteraciones o trastornos tanto en el crecimiento como en el desarrollo. / Objective: Determine the behavior of Growth and Development Control in children born in a health center in Chiclayo period 2020-2022. Method: Quantitative study, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective design, was based on the rigor criteria scientific: validity, objectivity and ethical principles. The population was made up of 311 medical records of children born in the years 2020, 2021 and 2022 from the José Health Center Leonardo Ortiz, being the final sample of 173 medical records and was obtained through the non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A collection form was used as an instrument according to the Technical Standard for Child Control, which collected certain characteristics: general data about the child, mother and father; number of controls growth and development; growth condition and nutritional status; and the diagnosis of Psychomotor development. The processing and analysis of the information was carried out in Excel 2016 sheets and in the statistical program SPSS version 22 through absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 58.3% of newborns had 4 controls, 37.8% of children had adequate growth conditions and 36.9% obtained normal psychomotor development. Conclusions: Half of newborns, less than an eighth of children under 1 year of age and very few 1-year-old children have the recommended controls according to age, the figure is worrying because it can have an impact on the early detection of alterations or disorders both in growth and development.

[pt] Esta pesquisa destina-se à análise crítico-jurídica dos determinantes sistêmicos (jurídicos, políticos e econômicos) que atuam em face da efetividade dos instrumentos da justiça alimentar (do direito humano à alimentação adequada, da política de segurança alimentar e nutricional e da soberania alimentar) no Brasil. A fim de identificar e demonstrar como atuam os principais determinantes sistêmicos da justiça alimentar, dividiu-se a tese em três capítulos. O jurídico está dividido em duas seções que analisam os limites de fundamentabilidade e de justiciabilidade do ordenamento jurídico do direito humano à alimentação adequada. O político está dividido em três seções. A primeira analisa a crise da democracia como um macrodeterminante político da efetividade dos instrumentos da justiça alimentar. A segunda seção analisa injustiça alimentar como um determinante das assimetrias de poder entre os cidadãos e o sistema alimentar agroindustrial brasileiro. Na terceira seção analisam-se as espécies de determinantes políticos estruturais da injustiça alimentar que atuam em face da efetividade da política de segurança alimentar. O econômico está dividido em duas seções. Na primeira, analisam-se os determinantes econômicos na cadeia do sistema alimentar; e, na segunda, as espécies de determinantes econômicos de natureza processual-representativa: a comoditização, a corporificação e o poder de subordinação da propriedade e do mercado. Através de conclusões parciais, ao final dos capítulos, e das considerações finais, apresentam-se os principais limites, obstáculos e determinantes sistêmicos para a efetividade dos instrumentos da justiça alimentar no Brasil. / [en] This research is intended for the critical-legal analysis of the systemic determinants (legal, political and economic) that act in the face of the effectiveness of food justice instruments (the human right to adequate food, food and nutrition security policy and food sovereignty) in Brazil. In order to identify and demonstrate how the main systemic determinants of food justice work, the thesis was divided into three chapters. The legal is divided into two sections that analyze the limits of justiciability and justiciability of the legal system of the human right to adequate food. The politician is divided into three sections. The first analyzes the crisis of democracy as a political macro-determinant of the effectiveness of food justice instruments. The second section analyzes food injustice as a determinant of power asymmetries between citizens and the Brazilian agro-industrial food system. In the third section, the types of structural political determinants of food injustice that act in the face of the effectiveness of the food security policy are analyzed. The economic is divided into two sections. In the first one, the economic determinants in the food system chain are analyzed; and, in the second, the species of economic determinants of a procedural-representative nature: commoditization, embodiment and the power of subordination of property and the market. Through partial conclusions, at the end of the chapters, and final considerations, the main limits, obstacles and systemic determinants for the effectiveness of food justice instruments in Brazil are presented. / [fr] Cette recherche est destinée à l analyse critique-juridique des déterminants systémiques (juridiques, politiques et économiques) qui agissent face à l efficacité des instruments de justice alimentaire (le droit humain à une alimentation adéquate, la politique de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et la souveraineté alimentaire) au Brésil. Afin d identifier et de démontrer le fonctionnement des principaux déterminants systémiques de la justice alimentaire, la thèse a été divisée en trois chapitres. Le juridique est divisé en deux sections qui analysent les limites de la justiciabilité et de la justiciabilité du système juridique du droit humain à une alimentation adéquate. Le politicien est divisé en trois sections. La première analyse la crise de la démocratie comme un macro-déterminant politique de l efficacité des instruments de justice alimentaire. La deuxième section analyse l injustice alimentaire comme un déterminant des asymétries de pouvoir entre les citoyens et le système alimentaire agro-industriel brésilien. Dans la troisième section, les types de déterminants politiques structurels de l injustice alimentaire qui agissent face à l efficacité de la politique de sécurité alimentaire sont analysés. L économie est divisée en deux sections. Dans le premier, les déterminants économiques de la chaîne du système alimentaire sont analysés ; et, dans le second, les espèces de déterminants économiques de nature procédurale-représentative : la marchandisation, l incarnation et le pouvoir de subordination de la propriété et du marché. À travers des conclusions partielles, à la fin des chapitres, et des considérations finales, les principales limites, obstacles et déterminants systémiques de l efficacité des instruments de justice alimentaire au Brésil sont présentés.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Heropbouings Program (HOP) asook die Groei Indiensnemings- en Herverdelingsprogram(GEAR) het ‘n geweldige hoë standaard gestel vir die verskaffing van basiese dienste soos behuising en elektrifisëring vir almal. Die meer effektiewe gebruik van elektriese energie het die sosiale en politieke potensiaal om by te dra tot die sukses van GEAR ten opsigte van die geteikende lae inkomste gemeenskappe waar daar nie tans voldoende elektriese energie beskikbaar is nie. Hierdie studie dek ook die inisiatiewe ten opsigte van effektiewe elektriese energie waaroor die Suid-Afrikaanse regering in vennootskap met Eskom tans navorsing doen om te bepaal of daar enige ekonomiese waarde is, en/of die lae inkomste gemeenskappe deur die sogenoemde inisiatiewe bevoordeel kan word. Die studie sluit ook navorsing in om die bewustheid van die lae inkomste gemeenskappe ten opsigte van effektiewe elektriese energie te bepaal. Die studie kyk verder na verskeie ander voltooide studies ten opsigte van effektiewe energie in lae inkomste gemeenskappe. Alhoewel verskeie ander effektiewe energie programme wel hoë ekonomiese en omgewings voordele uit 'n sosiale oogpunt inhou, is dieselfde programme glad nie aantreklik vir die verbruikers nie. Vir hierdie feit is die regering se bemiddeling wel belangrik. Die uitslag van die studie ondersoek ook die verskillende beleidsopsies (nie in diepte nie) om die struikelblokke van effektiewe energie te oorkom, asook moontlike oplossings vir die regering om die verskille tussen wat goed is vir die gemeenskap, en wat goed is vir die elektriese industrie te oorbrug. Die studie toets ook die bewustheid van effektiewe energie onder die lae inkomste gemeenskappe en hul huidige deelname aan effektiewe energie programme. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa’s Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) as well as Growth Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) set ambitious goals for providing basic services to all, including housing and electrification. More efficient use of electrical energy has the potential to socially and politically support the goals of GEAR, particularly when it is targeted at low-income communities lacking adequate energy services. This study looks at electrical energy efficiency initiatives that the South African government has under taken on its own as well as in partnership with Eskom and to check if there is any economic value that the poor communities may benefit from these initiatives. The study will also check the awareness of poor communities of electrical energy efficiency. Various studies in the subject of energy efficiency in relation to the poor communities that have been done in the past will also be looked at in this study. While many energy efficiency programmes may have significant economic and environmental benefits from a social perspective, they may not be as attractive to utilities and consumers. That is why government intervention is important. As a result this study also examine (not in great depth) the policy options for overcoming the significant barriers to energy efficiency, and ways government can bridge the gap between what is good for society and what is good for the electricity industry. This study extends further on checking the awareness of energy efficiency by the poor communities and their current participation in the energy efficiency programmes.

The dissertation thesis deals with valuation of individual items in the economic balance sheet of a stand-alone company and subsequently as a part of acquisition. We define the economic balance sheet as a full set of assets, liabilities as well as synergies amongst the assets (stand-alone company view) and companies (transaction view), where the sum of their individual valuations has to equal to the overall value of the company. Hence we suggest that the management (and a valuer) should be able to decompose the company value into defined and controllable value components. Apart from identifying optimal methods for the individual valuation, the key for achieving this task is the internal (amongst the assets) as well as the overall consistency (vis-a-vis the overall company value). Compared to the overall-valuation approach, we demonstrate how the component approach can lead to more precise results, higher management discipline and accountability, and can serve as a tool for an a priori identification of overpayment as well as an instrument for controlling the value post transaction. We defined two primary types of synergies in terms of valuation approach - Enhancement, improving current income potential and Future opportunities, mainly focusing on new projects - and proposed appropriate valuation approaches given their specifics. Since a large proportion of valuations on individual level is based on the income approach, setting a clear and consistent approach to discount rates was a vital part of the work. We propose a primary and, if not available, second-best rate for each component of the economic balance sheet. Although the synergies are probably of the highest commercial interest, the liabilities with external source of risk and deferred taxes on the individual level are areas generally neglected both by academics and practitioners. While the first one will have only but crucial impact on companies with decommissioning and similar liabilities, the latter is present almost in any itemized valuation, and its incorrect or purely isolated application affects the overall result and breaks the link to the overall company value. We analyze both topics and offer consistent valuation methods, although further research is required to refine them. We discuss WARA as one of the key tools for ensuring consistency of itemized valuation of the economic balance sheet. Lacking any theoretical background and interest from academic researchers, we first analyze simple concepts of the tool as they are used in practice and point out observed conceptual errors, oversimplifications and accounting-only approach. Not only that we propose complex consistent rules for WARA construction but we extend the concept from the focus on conventionally defined net assets to the full economic balance sheet, which is the only way how to relate the itemized valuation to the overall company valuation. Finally, we presented a case study based on real-life example which demonstrated practical applicability of proposed partial solutions as well as the overall approach to achieving consistency with the total company or transaction valuation. Although the analysis of individual items of the economic balance will be inevitably based on subjective assumptions to an extent, we have shown that proposed complex and consistent approach adds value to the strategic and transaction considerations. Also the preciseness of the tools will increase with the number of transactions performed as the parameters get calibrated.

Introdução: A educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) é campo de prática e reflexão de diversos atores sociais envolvidos na promoção da saúde, entre eles, os serviços de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, que se relacionam com ações de desenvolvimento local e promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável e de segurança alimentar e nutricional das populações rurais. Objetivo: Analisar percepções e práticas sobre o processo de educação alimentar e nutricional no contexto do Desenvolvimento Rural no RS. Metodologia: Artigo 1: Realizou-se análise do texto do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira, discutindo-se os temas previstos e os temas emergentes a partir da intersecção dos conceitos de promoção da saúde e de desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Artigo 2: Investigaramse normas estabelecidas nos documentos de âmbito nacional e estadual e práticas executadas pelos extensionistas rurais a partir de busca em Sistema de Registros Administrativos que continham a descrição das atividades realizadas. Os dados foram tabulados e processados por meio da estatística descritiva, com o apoio do programa Microsoft Office Excel, versão 2007, em relação à produção e análise qualitativa dos dados; investigaram-se, na periodicidade histórica, rupturas e permanências contidas no material, com apoio do software NVivo 10 for Windows. Artigo 3: Realizaram-se 18 entrevistas individuais para produção de narrativas com os diferentes atores sociais envolvidos na Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural no RS. Foi realizada a análise das narrativas a partir da perspectiva teórica e das categorias analíticas emergentes, sendo os dados interpretados, sistematizados e analisados em seu conjunto, com apoio do software NVivo 10 for Windows. Resultados: Artigo 1: Identificou 13 temas relacionados a quatro dimensões explicativas da interseção dos conceitos, os quais foram identificados a partir dos elementos constitutivos dos itens princípios e diretrizes do Guia Alimentar, dez passos para uma alimentação saudável; superação de obstáculos para realização dos dez passos. Artigo 2: Oito documentos e 212.502 atividades foram analisadas, sendo 11,13 por cento relacionadas à EAN. As normas determinaram número mínimo de atividades a serem realizadas por meio de metas estabelecidas nos contratos de serviços, em contrapartida, as práticas derivaram, majoritariamente, das demandas das famílias assessoradas ligados aos temas da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, Produção de Cuidados em Saúde, e Alimentação Adequada e Saudável. Artigo 3: A compreensão e a estrutura de significações da EAN foram visualizadas sob três eixos: reconhecimento e não reconhecimento da EAN na ATES; a EAN como um dos temas da dimensão social; a EAN como sinônimo de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Conclusão: Existe uma polissemia de percepções sobre a educação alimentar e nutricional e um espaço permanente de tensões entre as normas e as práticas. Existe uma orientação normativa para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável, principalmente na perspectiva de relação com os sistemas alimentares locais. As práticas em educação alimentar e nutricional e as percepções sobre elas se estruturam em um conjunto de valores, signos e sentidos nos quais o alimento é visto como elemento aglutinador-compreensivo de um modelo de extensão rural que é reivindicado. / Introduction: Food and nutrition education (FNE) is a field of practice and reflection of various social actors involved in health promotion, including the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Services, which relate to local development actions and to the promotion of adequate and healthy food, as well as to food and nutrition security of rural populations. Objective: To analyze perceptions and practices about the process of food and nutrition education in the context of Rural Development in RS. Methodology: Article 1: We analyzed the text of the Food Guide for the Brazilian population, discussing the intended and the emerging themes from the intersection of the concepts of health promotion and sustainable rural development. Article 2: We investigated the rules established in the national and state level documents and practices implemented by rural extension agents from a search in Administrative Records System containing the description of activities. The data were compiled and processed through descriptive statistics, with the support of Microsoft Office Excel 2007 concerning the production and qualitative analysis; we investigated, in the historical basis, ruptures and continuities contained in the material, with the support of the software NVivo 10 for Windows. Article 3: We conducted 18 individual interviews to produce narratives with the different social actors involved in the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension in RS. The analysis of the narratives was performed from the theoretical perspective and emerging analytical categories; the data were interpreted, systematized and analyzed as a whole with the support of NVivo 10 for Windows. Results: Article 1: We identified 13 themes related to four explanatory dimensions of the intersection of the concepts, which were identified from the constituent elements of the items principles and guidelines of the Food Guide, ten steps to a healthy diet; overcoming obstacles to achieving the ten steps. Article 2: Eight documents and 212,502 activities were analyzed, being 11.13 per cent related to FNE. The rules determined minimum number of activities to be performed by goals established in service contracts, in contrast, the practices mainly come from the demands of advised families linked to the themes of Food and Nutritional Security, Care Production in Health, and Adequate and Healthy Food. Article 3: The understanding and the structure of meanings of FNE were viewed under three axes: recognition and non-recognition of FNE in TSEA; EAN as one of the themes of the social dimension; FNE as a synonym for Food and Nutrition Security. Conclusion: There is a polysemic perception about food and nutrition education and a permanent space of tensions between rules and practices. There is a normative guidance to promote adequate and healthy food, especially from the perspective of relationship with local food systems. The practices in food and nutrition education and the perceptions about them are structured in a set of values, signs and meanings in which food is seen as a unifying-understanding element of a claimed rural extension model.

Dentro do setor saúde, a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) se destaca como um espaço potencial para abordar a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). Neste contexto é possível atuar tanto para identificação como para promoção da SAN. Por sua vez, a SAN não constitui um conceito estático. Seu significado é alterado conforme os interesses de quem se apropria dela. A adoção da noção do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) para a abordagem da SAN é uma das formas de interpretar, investigar e atuar nesta temática. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo compreender as práticas de SAN na APS na ótica do DHAA. Para tal, foi elaborado um ensaio para formular, no nível prático, alternativas de como a APS pode fortalecer o DHAA. Também, realizou-se uma revisão de escopo, de forma a mapear as bases teóricas que fundamentam esta produção e descrever como o arcabouço de DHAA está incorporado. Usando elementos do direito à saúde (disponibilidade, acessibilidade, aceitabilidade e qualidade) foram fornecidas alternativas para o respeito, proteção e efetivação do DHAA. O ensaio resgata o potencial das práticas de alimentação da APS numa perspectiva emancipadora dos direitos humanos. Adicionalmente, a revisão de escopo mostra que os direitos humanos estão pouco presentes na produção científica sobre práticas de SAN na APS. Predomina a noção de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IAN) como fator de risco para a saúde, sendo minoritários os quadros teóricos dos determinantes sociais da saúde e dos direitos humanos. A produção científica incorpora pouco os elementos do DHAA, notadamente o estilo de pensamento da IAN como risco para a saúde e da SAN como determinante social da saúde. Há maior homogeneidade e complexidade conceitual dentro do estilo de pensamento da SAN como direito humano para definir a SAN.O presente trabalho fortalece a compreensão da SAN na APS sob a ótica dos direitos humanos / Primary health care (PHC) is a potential setting within health sector to deal with Food and Nutrition Security (FNS). In this context, it is possible to act for the identification as well as for promotion of FNS. FNS is not a static concept. Its meaning is modified according to the interests of the one who uses it. The adoption of the notion of the right to adequate food (RAF) to approach FNS is one of the possibilities to understand, search and act towards this theme. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the practices of FNS in PHC from the point of view of the RAF. For this, an essay was developed to formulate, at the practical level, alternatives to how PHC can strengthen the RAF. A scoping review was also carried out, in order to map the theoretical bases that support this production and to describe how the RAF framework is incorporated. Using elements of the right to health (availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality) alternatives have been provided for the respect, protection and fulfillment of the RAF. The essay highlights the potential of practices towards FNS at PHC through an emancipatory perspective of human rights. In addition, the scoping review indicate that human rights are scarcely present in the scientific production on SAN practices in PHC. The notion of Food and Nutrition Insecurity (FNI) as a risk factor for health predominates, and the theoretical frameworks of social determinants of health and human rights are minorities. Scientific production incorporates few elements of the AF, notably the thought style of FNI as a risk factor for health and the FNS as a social determinant of health. There is greater homogeneity and conceptual complexity to define FNS within the thought style of FNS as a human right. The present study strengthens the understanding of FNS in the PHC from the perspective of the RAF.

The Diploma thesis deals with the topic of conditionally suspended sentence of imprisonment as a separate type of punishment which is not considered merely as a variation of an unconditional imprisonment sentence. It analyses the individual elements of this institute, its history and development, the conditions of imposing and methods of termination. It also includes a comparison with foreign legislation that should bring suggestions for a better and more efficient execution of conditionally suspended sentence of imprisonment. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter deals with general knowledge of conditionally suspended sentence of imprisonment as an alternative punishment and its legal nature. In the second chapter is outlined the historical development of the institute both in the world and in the territory of Czechoslovakia, respectively the Czech Republic. The third chapter is a major part of the thesis and describes the conditions under which conditionally suspended sentence of imprisonment may be imposed, as well as examining the probation period, adequate restraints and adequate duties or compensation for the damage or detriment caused by the offense, or the unjust enrichment gained by the crime. Following chapter relates to the decision on conditionally suspended...

Dentro do setor saúde, a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) se destaca como um espaço potencial para abordar a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). Neste contexto é possível atuar tanto para identificação como para promoção da SAN. Por sua vez, a SAN não constitui um conceito estático. Seu significado é alterado conforme os interesses de quem se apropria dela. A adoção da noção do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) para a abordagem da SAN é uma das formas de interpretar, investigar e atuar nesta temática. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo compreender as práticas de SAN na APS na ótica do DHAA. Para tal, foi elaborado um ensaio para formular, no nível prático, alternativas de como a APS pode fortalecer o DHAA. Também, realizou-se uma revisão de escopo, de forma a mapear as bases teóricas que fundamentam esta produção e descrever como o arcabouço de DHAA está incorporado. Usando elementos do direito à saúde (disponibilidade, acessibilidade, aceitabilidade e qualidade) foram fornecidas alternativas para o respeito, proteção e efetivação do DHAA. O ensaio resgata o potencial das práticas de alimentação da APS numa perspectiva emancipadora dos direitos humanos. Adicionalmente, a revisão de escopo mostra que os direitos humanos estão pouco presentes na produção científica sobre práticas de SAN na APS. Predomina a noção de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IAN) como fator de risco para a saúde, sendo minoritários os quadros teóricos dos determinantes sociais da saúde e dos direitos humanos. A produção científica incorpora pouco os elementos do DHAA, notadamente o estilo de pensamento da IAN como risco para a saúde e da SAN como determinante social da saúde. Há maior homogeneidade e complexidade conceitual dentro do estilo de pensamento da SAN como direito humano para definir a SAN.O presente trabalho fortalece a compreensão da SAN na APS sob a ótica dos direitos humanos / Primary health care (PHC) is a potential setting within health sector to deal with Food and Nutrition Security (FNS). In this context, it is possible to act for the identification as well as for promotion of FNS. FNS is not a static concept. Its meaning is modified according to the interests of the one who uses it. The adoption of the notion of the right to adequate food (RAF) to approach FNS is one of the possibilities to understand, search and act towards this theme. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the practices of FNS in PHC from the point of view of the RAF. For this, an essay was developed to formulate, at the practical level, alternatives to how PHC can strengthen the RAF. A scoping review was also carried out, in order to map the theoretical bases that support this production and to describe how the RAF framework is incorporated. Using elements of the right to health (availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality) alternatives have been provided for the respect, protection and fulfillment of the RAF. The essay highlights the potential of practices towards FNS at PHC through an emancipatory perspective of human rights. In addition, the scoping review indicate that human rights are scarcely present in the scientific production on SAN practices in PHC. The notion of Food and Nutrition Insecurity (FNI) as a risk factor for health predominates, and the theoretical frameworks of social determinants of health and human rights are minorities. Scientific production incorporates few elements of the AF, notably the thought style of FNI as a risk factor for health and the FNS as a social determinant of health. There is greater homogeneity and conceptual complexity to define FNS within the thought style of FNS as a human right. The present study strengthens the understanding of FNS in the PHC from the perspective of the RAF.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação tem por objeto o estudo do conflito entre o direito à moradia e o direito ambiental à luz do direito constitucional brasileiro e da teoria dos direitos fundamentais. Antes da tutela constitucional, analisaremos o processo de afirmação histórica dos direitos humanos, através do reconhecimento das três diferentes dimensões de direitos. Na pesquisa, destacaremos a relevante atuação da ONU na formação do sistema internacional de direitos humanos. O direito à moradia se insere na segunda dimensão dos direitos humanos e se consolida com a superação do Estado Liberal e o advento do Estado Social de Direito. O direito ao meio ambiente teve seu reconhecimento mais tarde no cenário internacional, após a segunda guerra mundial, tendo como ponto de partida os tratados para não utilização de armas nucleares. Os direitos humanos, antes de integrarem o sistema internacional e o ordenamento interno dos Estados, são anunciados na forma de movimentos sociais. Assim, observaremos a participação da soci / The objective of this dissertation is to study the conflict between the right to housing and the environmental right both in the light of the Brazilian constitutional law and the theory of the fundamental rights. Before considering the constitutional tutelage, we will analyze the process of historic affirmation of the human rights by recognizing the three different dimensions of rights. In our research we will put emphasis on the relevant action of the UN in the formation of the international system of human rights. The right to housing fits in the second dimension of human rights and is consolidated with the advent of the Social State of Law after the Liberal State has been surmounted. The right to the environment was recognized later in the international scene, after the World War II, whose starting point was treaties on the non-use of nuclear weapons. The human rights are announced in the form of social movements before they become part of both the international system and the internal order of States. Thu

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-11T12:25:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Cardoso Antunes da Cunha_.pdf: 2331110 bytes, checksum: c82a395a7f1acca5e4ef4fed48121706 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-11T12:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Cardoso Antunes da Cunha_.pdf: 2331110 bytes, checksum: c82a395a7f1acca5e4ef4fed48121706 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-17 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a relação da aplicação de padrões decisórios, na prática jurisdicional, com a implementação de respostas adequadas ao Direito. Especificamente, analisar um modelo interpretativo para a aplicação dos padrões decisórios no Brasil e à luz das diretrizes trazidas pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Para tanto, se estudará, em um primeiro momento, o modelo interpretativo do positivismo jurídico e a decisão do juiz como ato de vontade; em seguida, como esse modelo pode ser superado e, assim, chegar-se a uma prática jurisdicional que busque a implementação de respostas adequadas ao Direito. Nestas circunstâncias, se analisará o papel das cortes judiciais. Depois, será analisada a relação entre a evolução das tradições da common law e da civil law com a evolução do Estado de Direito – foco nos últimos dois séculos, relacionando os compromissos das duas tradições jurídicas com as fontes do Direito e com os modelos de interpretação. O objetivo é demonstrar que o Direito deve ser, no Estado Democrático de Direito, fruto de uma atitude interpretativa do intérprete. Ato contínuo, se investigará a influência da fundamentação da decisão na aplicação dos padrões decisórios para que, após, se possa analisar quais seus elementos vinculantes. Por fim, se analisará o modelo interpretativo para uma adequada aplicação dos padrões decisórios na prática jurisdicional brasileira como condição de possibilidade para respostas adequadas ao Direito. Diante da investigação deste presente trabalho, concluiu-se que o problema não está na autoridade dos padrões decisórios, mas em como os padrões decisórios são aplicados, pois os elementos vinculantes dos padrões decisórios são as teses jurídicas fixadas na fundamentação. É preciso, no Estado Democrático de Direito, uma prática jurisdicional por uma atitude interpretativa intersubjetiva em romance em cadeia, sempre mediante uma fundamentação qualificada, a fim de alcançar respostas adequadas ao Direito. / The present research aims to investigate the relation of the application of decision-making standards, in the jurisdictional practice, with the implementation of adequate responses to the Law. Specifically, to analyze an interpretive model for the application of decision-making standards in Brazil and in the light of the guidelines brought by the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015. To do so, we will first study the interpretive model of legal positivism and the decision of the judge as an act of will; then, how this model can be overcome and thus reach a jurisdictional practice that seeks to implement adequate responses to the law. In these circumstances, the role of the courts will be analyzed. Then, the relationship between the evolution of common law and civil law traditions and the evolution of the rule of law in the last two centuries will be analyzed, linking the commitments of the two legal traditions with the sources of law and with models of interpretation. The objective is to demonstrate that the Law must be, in the Democratic State of Law, the result of an interpretative attitude of the interpreter. Then, the influence of decision-making in the application of decision-making standards will be investigated so that, afterwards, it can be analyzed its binding elements. Finally, the interpretative model will be analyzed for an adequate application of the decision standards in the Brazilian jurisdictional practice as a condition for the possibility of adequate responses to the Law. In the face of the investigation of this present work, it was concluded that the problem is not in the authority of the decision-making standards, but in how the decision-making standards are applied, because the binding elements of the decision-making standards are the legal theses fixed in the reasoning. It is necessary, in the Democratic State of Law, a jurisdictional practice for an intersubjective interpretive attitude in a chain novel, always through a qualified foundation, in order to achieve adequate answers to the Law. / La presente investigación tiene como objetivo investigar la relación de la aplicación de los patrones decisorios con la implementación de respuestas correctas al Derecho. Más específicamente, analizar un modelo interpretativo para la aplicación de los patrones decisorios en Brasil y desde las directrices traídas por el Codigo de Proceso Civil de 2015. Para tanto, se estudiará, en un primero momento, el modelo interpretativo de lo positivismo legal e la decisión judicial como acto de voluntad; en seguida, como este modelo puede ser superado y, así, se obtener una práctica jurisdiccional en búsqueda de la implementación de respuestas correctas al Derecho. En estas circunstancias, se analizará el papel de las curtes judiciarias; después, la relación entre la evolución de las tradiciones de common law y de civil law con la evolución del Estado de Derecho – foco en los dos últimos siglos, relacionando los compromisos de las dos tradiciones con las fuentes del Derecho y los modelos de interpretación. El objetivo es demonstrar que el Derecho, en un Estado Democrático de Derecho, es resultado de una actitud interpretativa del intérprete. Acto continuo, se investigará la influencia de la fundamentación de la decisión en la aplicación de los patrones decisorios para investigar cual son los elementos obligatorios. Por fin, se analizará un modelo interpretativo para una adecuada aplicación de los patrones decisorios en la práctica jurisdiccional brasileña como condición de posibilidad para respuestas correctas al Derecho. Desde la presente investigación, se ha concluido que el problema no está en la autoridad de los patrones decisorios, más en como los patrones decisorios son aplicados, porque sus elementos obligatorios son las tesis jurídicas fijo en la fundamentación. Es necesario, en el Estado Democrático de Derecho, una práctica jurisdiccional de actitud interpretativa intersubjetiva en romance en cadena, siempre mediante una fundamentación calificado, para alcanzar respuestas correctas.