Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-19T18:50:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EMÍLIO THIAGO DE CARVALHO GOMES_.pdf: 1549079 bytes, checksum: a30709358743b1193005420bfb306c9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T18:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EMÍLIO THIAGO DE CARVALHO GOMES_.pdf: 1549079 bytes, checksum: a30709358743b1193005420bfb306c9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-10 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho analisa a judicialização do cotidiano, no que toca aos exames de temas vinculados aos diversos ramos do direito. Com uma análise crítica da efetividade do direito e da aplicabilidade da norma pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Tudo isto, em um ambiente de crises, seja a crise conceitual, a crise de representatividade ou política, a crise estrutural, com surgimento de novos riscos globais e a crise funcional, e de como tais situações fáticas - jurídicas proporcionaram movimentos de efetivação da cidadania e de busca pelo “guardião das promessas democráticas”. Neste contexto, surge a problemática da implementação e efetividade dos direitos sociais, revolvendo-se essa responsabilidade ao Poder Executivo como garantidor das políticas públicas. O que permitirá mostrar a importância do Supremo Tribunal Federal no desenvolvimento da história institucional do Brasil, com a respectiva aplicação de modelo interpretativo de concretização dos direitos sócio-fundamentais. Para determinar o alcance das atribuições do Supremo Tribunal Federal, como intérprete maior da Constituição e das leis, com o objetivo de compreender como a “judicialização do cotidiano” acentua a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal, a partir de uma (re)significação do acesso à justiça, decorrente da presença de Estado Social e Democrático de Direito, como modelo de efetivação pública dos valores coletivos, por instrumento das ações coletivas na concretização dos direitos sócio-fundamentais. Assim, apresenta-se uma análise de aspectos contemporâneos do processo constitucional, da decisão judicial, sob dúplice aspecto de como “dizer/fazer” com efetividade, para (re)construir o processo constitucional sob a perspectiva liberal e neoliberal, no âmbito da necessidade de efetividade dos direitos fundamentais, visto que, por conta dessa crescente judicialização proliferou um discurso de efetividade compreendida como eficiência e, assim, deu-se prevalência a uma justiça de números, despreocupada com a qualidade (com o aspecto material) das decisões judiciais. E ao final, o trabalho irá analisar a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais por meio de uma teoria da decisão, ou seja, de um controle substantivo da decisão judicial, de maneira a utilizar o princípio do não retrocesso como parâmetro garantidor da segurança jurídica e da estabilidade das relações sociais, em um ambiente de judicialização do cotidiano. / This paper analyzes the legalization of everyday life, with regard to examinations of topics related to different areas of law. With a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the law and the applicability of the standard by the Supreme Court. All this, in an environment of crisis, is the conceptual crisis, the crisis of representation and policy, structural crisis, with the emergence of new global risks and functional crisis, and as such factual situations - provided legal movements of effective citizenship and search for "guardian of democratic promises." In this context, the issue of implementation and effectiveness of social rights arises, stirring up this responsibility to the executive branch as a guarantor of public policies. What will show the importance of the Supreme Court in the development of the institutional history of Brazil, with its application of interpretative model of delivering social-fundamental rights. To determine the scope of the powers of the Supreme Court, as the greatest interpreter of the Constitution and laws, with the goal of understanding how the "judicialization of the daily" stresses the role of the Supreme Court, from a (re) signification access to justice, due to the presence of Social and Democratic State of Law as public enforcement of collective values model, by means of collective action in achieving social and fundamental rights. Thus, we present an analysis of contemporary aspects of the constitutional process, judicial decision, under the twofold aspect as "say / do" with effectiveness, to (re) build the constitutional process under the liberal and neoliberal perspective, in the context of the need effectiveness of fundamental rights, since, on account of this growing legalization proliferate effectiveness of a speech understood as efficiency and thus gave prevalence to a justice of numbers, unconcerned with the quality (with the material aspect) of judgments. And in the end, the paper will analyze the effectiveness of fundamental rights by a decision theory, ie, a substantive control of the court decision, so using the principle of non-retrogression parameter as guarantor of legal security and stability of social relations, in an environment of the legalization of everyday life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cecilia Cury Chaddad.pdf: 2206986 bytes, checksum: 82564a4366fdadb6ebbc1aee18a566f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-11 / This study aim to protect the rights to health and adequate food of the population with food allergy, estimated at about 8% of children and 3% to 5% of adults, arguing there is a need for the provision of information about allergens on product labels, as well as along consumers service assistance (such as electronic websites and phone numbers). It is pointed the interrelationship between the right to health and right to life as well as that between the right to health and the right to adequate food, rights whose effective protection depend on the consumers access to information. The relevance of the topic regarding the right to information about the presence of allergens and feasibility of the proposal of the obligation of allergens labeling are demonstrated through the analysis of existing standards relating to food labeling in Brazil, as well as which treatment given to the issue of labeling of allergens in comparative law. Finally, on the premise that people with food hypersensitivity need to maintain a diet that excludes the presence of allergens, as a way to ensure their well-being and their life with dignity, it is pointed to the State's responsibility to protect the rights to health and to adequate food of this portion of the Brazilian population, with the regulating of the duty of providing information about the presence (or absence) of such substances in food available for consumption for part of the food industry, although this presence give up unintentionally (traces), which depends on compliance with good manufacturing practices for food products and careful risk assessment / Este trabalho objetiva tutelar os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada da população com alergia alimentar, estimada em cerca de 8% das crianças e entre 3% e 5% dos adultos, sustentando a necessidade de que haja a disponibilização de informações a respeito de substâncias alérgenas nos rótulos dos produtos, assim como junto aos canais de atendimento ao consumidor (como sítios eletrônicos e telefones). Como fundamentação, aponta para a inter-relação existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à vida, assim como aquela existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à alimentação adequada, direitos cuja tutela efetiva dependem do acesso à informação por parte dos consumidores. A relevância do tema, atinente ao direito à informação quanto à presença de alérgenos e a viabilidade da proposta de rotulagem obrigatória, é demonstrada a partir da análise das atuais normas relacionadas à rotulagem de alimentos no Brasil, assim como qual o tratamento conferido ao tema da rotulagem de alérgenos no direito comparado. Por fim, partindo da premissa de que as pessoas com hipersensibilidade alimentar necessitam manter uma dieta que exclua a presença de alérgenos, como forma de se garantir o seu bem-estar e sua existência digna, aponta-se a responsabilidade do Estado em proteger os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada desta parcela da população brasileira, através da regulamentação do dever de disponibilização de informações quanto à presença (ou ausência) de tais substâncias nos alimentos disponibilizados ao consumo por parte das indústrias alimentícias, ainda que tal presença se dê de forma involuntária (traços), o que depende da observância de boas práticas de produção de produtos destinados à alimentação e criteriosa avaliação de riscos

In the financial industry , typical indirect-financial institution attracts deposit, inter-bank loan, or issuing negotiable certificate of time deposit and bonds.¡@After collecting money from excess capital units through auditing procedure then loan to the needed parties as a financial intermediary in the market. The roles of financial institutions such as banks are acting as a financial intermediary by providing buy-sell funding to enterprises or individuals. Those banks actually take whole funding liquidity risk to exchange main resource of bank¡¦s profitability. Once failure in managing risk or facing dynamically financial environment changing, bank may engage in difficulty and cause serious financial crisis. Comparison with large international financial institutions, our financial institutions hold a lot of NPL (Non-Performing Loan; Taiwan major NPL almost came from mortgage), it not only lower the liquidity of fund, longer payment duration but also raise operation risk can¡¦t recover financial assets. The quality of asset has also been worse off rapidly. These phenomena raise financial institution operation risk and influence stability of financial system and development of financial environment. With the financial environment is changing, those developed countries mostly adopted structured finance or financial asset securitization methods. The purpose of financial asset securitization in general is to raise fund for originator. Originator is the most important participant on the securitization process. The originators pool and reorganize those assets, which could create cash flow into small-amount unit security and sell to the investors. By this way originator don¡¦t have to wait till maturity and buyback those securities. That is why by using financial asset securitization will help financial institution to improve asset/liability management, spread asset risk and increase the ratio of equity to assets. At the same time, this will improve the effect and efficiency of finance institution¡¦s operating and open up the funding market. Mortgage securitization can raise banks¡¦ capital adequacy and current ratio. By way of asset securitization, the originators enjoy higher asset liquidity, lower funding cost, and improved capital ratio; while investors can use mortgage-backed securities to diversity their portfolios, improve liquidity and enhance yields. For originators, securitization is not only lower the cost of capital, increase the net profit but also enhances the liquidity of cash and balances the assets¡¦ structure. Assets-backed securitization has been prevailed in USA for years. It effectively controls the NPL (Non-performing Loans) problem and stabilizes financial management. Through financial asset securitization optimal asset allocation model, this thesis has the following finding: 1. Financial market funding supply shows multiple effects after Banking Financial asset securitization. In the initial stage of securitization, banks will lower risky assets and then will increase to original size. 2. After Financial asset securitization, a capital adequate ratio will rise first then become normal level. 3. Under assumption that financial asset securitization does not create any capital gain or loss; bank will lower profitability at initial stage. Then after a while, profitability will increase dramatically later. 4. After consideration of risk, this research discovers that securitization wills steeper Capital Allocation Line. It means every risk taking will compensate higher return. Improve Banking efficiency and profitability. Securitization provides a groundbreaking tool to increase profitability and avoid risk. Under MBS structure, the commissions and fees, absolutely out of risk, is major and stable income of the bank. On the other hand, the successful development of USA RTC implement is another contribution to resolve NPL. In sum, financial asset securitization not only accelerates the efficiency of financial institutions for more balance capital markets but also avoids financial risk in the banking system. At present, the prime theme of he banking sector should be how to maintain sound operations by strengthening credit risk management and restructure assets quality. Introducing successful external professional partner system is another way to deal with NPL problems.

In recent years, the possibility to deduct expenses for research and development (R&D) has been interpreted narrowly. As a response, the Income Tax Act chapter 16, section 9 (the R&D-rule) was amended to increase the possibility to deduct R&D of more general character. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the meaning of the R&D-rule to be able to decide if the amendment is an extension of the deductibility and whether this amendment can be considered adequate. According to the R&D-rule, the recipient of the grant needs to conduct R&D activity and there needs to be a sufficient connection between the R&D activity and the company to be allowed deduction. The difficulty in applying the R&D-rule is mainly when the research is conducted outside the company and the aim of the research is not to solve the company’s specific problem.The connection between the R&D-activity and the company needs to be reasonable. This means that only R&D-activity that falls completely outside the company’s activities should be excluded from deductibility. However, even R&D where some connection can be shown has been excluded from deductibility, which makes the application of the R&D-rule complex. The amendment of the R&D-rule means that deduction is now possible where a reasonable interest can be shown with either the principal business or the other business. The assessment if a reasonable interest can be shown between the R&D and the company’s activities, must now take into account all aspects of the company not only the principal activity. In conclusion, the amendment creates an extension of the deductibility. The purpose of the amendment of the R&D-rule was to extend the deductibilityof R&D. The amendment must therefore be considered adequate. The addition of the other business to the wording of the R&D-rule will lead to an actual extension of the deductibility of R&D. / De senaste åren har möjligheten till avdrag för FoU tolkats snävt vilket försvårat för företagen att få avdrag för FoU av allmän karaktär. Svaret på kritiken mot den snäva tolkningen förde med sig en lagändring av IL 16 kap 9 § (FoU-regeln). Uppsatsens syfte är att fastställa innebörden av FoU-regeln för att utreda om lagändringen är en utvidgning i förhållande till den tidigare lydelsen av lagregeln samt bedöma om lagändringen är ändamålsenlig.  Enligt FoU-regeln krävs det att mottagaren av bidraget utgör en FoU verksamhet samt att tillräckligt samband finns mellan FoU:n och företaget för att erhålla avdragsrätt. Svårigheten att bedöma sambandet är då FoU:n utförs av någon extern och syftet med forskningen inte är inriktad på att lösa företagets specifika problem utan forskningen är av mer allmän karaktär. Det måste finnas ett rimligt intresse mellan FoU-verksamheten och företaget, vilket innebä ratt bara sådan FoU som hamnar helt utanför företagets område ska uteslutas från avdragsrätt. I praxis har även dock FoU med visst samband uteslutits varför tillämpningen av FoU-regeln är komplex. Lagändringen av FoU-regeln innebär att avdrag får göras när det finns samband mellan FoU-verksamheten och den huvudsakliga verksamheten eller verksamheten i övrigt. Vid bedömningen ska hänsyn alltså tas till hela verksamheten. Det här innebär en utvidgning av avdragsrätten i förhållande till den tidigare lydelsen, då avdrag endast medgavs när samband fanns med kärnverksamheten. Det huvudsakliga ändamålet med lagändringen är en utvidgad avdragsrätt. Utifrån ordalydelse är det nu tydligt att avdrag får göras även då samband inte finns med den huvudsakliga verksamheten, men samband finns med den övriga verksamheten. Tillägget verksamheten i övrigt innebär således en faktisk utvidgning av avdragsrätten för FoU i förhållande till den tidigare lydelsen av FoUregeln.

Der gegenwärtig vorhandene Gebäudebestand prägt entscheidend unsere urbane Umwelt und bestimmt maßgeblich deren Qualität. Darüber hinaus binden Bestandsgebäude wertvolle stoffliche und energetische Ressourcen, welche für deren Errichtung eingesetzt wurden. Der verantwortungsbewusste und zukunftsorientierte Umgang mit unserer Umwelt gebietet generell die Erhaltung dieser Ressourcen. Darin eingeschlossen sind die Meisten der zahlreich vorhandenen Bauwerke, die gegenwärtig ungenutzt brach liegen. Dies gilt in Ostdeutschland insbesondere für Fabrikgebäude. Es bedarf des grundsätzlichen Nachweises des diesen Gebäuden innewohnenden Wertes, welcher im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit geführt wird. Dabei werden auch bislang in der üblichen Betrachtung unberücksichtigte, allerdings wesentliche, Gebäudewerte qualitativ dargestellt, sodass damit eine Brache exakter und förderlicher bewertet werden kann. Darin kann der Schlüssel für eine zukünftig erfolgreichere Weiternutzung von Brachen liegen. Für eine erfolgsorientierte Projektentwicklung im Bestand ergibt sich mit der neu eingeführten „Methode des Strukturabgleichs“ zur Findung bestandskonformer Weiternutzungen eine neue praxisorientierte Herangehensweise. Beispielhaft werden dazu erste verschiedene Fabrikarten in ihrer Funktionsweise einschließlich der daraus resultierenden statischbaukonstruktiven Ausformungen analysiert und so Gebäudetypen definiert. Über die Festlegung maßgebender struktureller Gebäudeparameter werden für die typisierten Bestandsgebäude die zugehörigen Strukturdaten ermittelt, sodass der Abgleich mit den hauptsächlichen Eigenschaften heute nachgefragter Nutzungsanforderungen erfolgen kann. Die auf wesentliche Strukturdaten reduzierte und daher einfach handhabbare „Methode des Strukturabgleichs“ erlaubt Aussagen zur wirtschaftlich optimierten Bestandsaktivierung und ist damit auch eine Grundlage zur Minimierung statischbaukonstruktiver Eingriffe in die Bausubstanz. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Ermöglichung bestandskonformer Weiternutzungen brach liegender Fabrikgebäude und trägt so zur Erhaltung wertvoller baulicher Ressourcen sowie zur Verbesserung der urbanen Qualität unserer Umwelt bei.

The formalized and algorithmic study of human language within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has motivated much theoretical work in the related field of formal languages, in particular the subfields of grammar and automata theory. Motivated and informed by NLP, the papers in this thesis explore the connections between expressibility – that is, the ability for a formal system to define complex sets of objects – and algorithmic complexity – that is, the varying amount of effort required to analyse and utilise such systems. Our research studies formal systems working not just on strings, but on more complex structures such as trees and graphs, in particular syntax trees and semantic graphs. The field of mildly context-sensitive languages concerns attempts to find a useful class of formal languages between the context-free and context-sensitive. We study formalisms defining two candidates for this class; tree-adjoining languages and the languages defined by linear context-free rewriting systems. For the former, we specifically investigate the tree languages, and define a subclass and tree automaton with linear parsing complexity. For the latter, we use the framework of parameterized complexity theory to investigate more deeply the related parsing problems, as well as the connections between various formalisms defining the class. The field of semantic modelling aims towards formally and accurately modelling not only the syntax of natural language statements, but also the meaning. In particular, recent work in semantic graphs motivates our study of graph grammars and graph parsing. To the best of our knowledge, the formalism presented in Paper III of this thesis is the first graph grammar where the uniform parsing problem has polynomial parsing complexity, even for input graphs of unbounded node degree.

Na Capa, Folha de Rosto e Ficha Catalogr?fica da obra constam o t?tulo: "Os Conselhos de Alimenta??o Escolar da Comarca de Diamantina: percep??es e estrutura". / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T18:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) caio_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 3164792 bytes, checksum: 20acd36d2a5df005a431d8b58d2b8787 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-18T11:24:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) caio_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 3164792 bytes, checksum: 20acd36d2a5df005a431d8b58d2b8787 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T11:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) caio_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 3164792 bytes, checksum: 20acd36d2a5df005a431d8b58d2b8787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Esta pesquisa est? inserida na linha de pesquisa da Promo??o da Sa?de, Preven??o e Controle de Doen?as e buscou analisar os 9 (nove) Conselhos de Alimenta??o Escolar (CAEs) da Comarca de Diamantina, MG, com a finalidade de levantar, analisar e desvelar se atendem aos crit?rios m?nimos estabelecidos na legisla??o em vig?ncia, se h? coer?ncia entre suas atribui??es legais e o que ocorre na pr?tica, se disp?em de estrutura m?nima necess?ria para o desempenho das suas atribui??es e quais s?o as percep??es atribu?das pelos conselheiros sobre as atividades de Controle Social exercido perante o Conselho. Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, descritivo, do tipo estudo de caso, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, no qual foi feita uma minuciosa an?lise documental nos arquivos dos Conselhos de Alimenta??o Escolar para remontar a forma de atua??o deles, buscando conhecer suas principais qualidades e defeitos. Al?m disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com os conselheiros de alimenta??o escolar para entender quais eram as percep??es que eles tinham sobre as atividades que desempenham, por meio da t?cnica denominada an?lise de conte?do. A an?lise documental demonstrou que h? muitas inconsist?ncias na forma de escolha dos conselheiros e in?meras defici?ncias a serem corrigidas pelos Conselhos, por outro lado, tamb?m foram salientados muitos aspectos positivos dos trabalhos desenvolvidos. A an?lise das atas dos CAEs e das entrevistas com os membros dos Conselhos desvelou as percep??es que eles tinham sobre a forma de constitui?ao do Conselho, as dificuldades vividas para desempenhar o controle social, tais como problemas de infraestrutura, de acesso a informa??es e pouco incentivo a se capacitarem. Por outro lado, demonstraram o empenho para realizar suas atribui??es, zelar pela qualidade da alimenta??o escolar dos seus Munic?pios e pelo uso correto do dinheiro p?blico. Ao final, foi poss?vel constatar que a capacita??o, o est?mulo ao desempenho das fun??es e a participa??o popular s?o fatores que influenciam a atua??o efetiva e eficiente dos conselheiros de alimenta??o escolar, os quais devem ser garantidos e estimulados pelo Poder P?blico, pelos pr?prios conselheiros e pela sociedade. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This research is included in the research line of Health Promotion, Prevention and Control of Diseases and sought to analyze the 9 (nine) School Feeding Councils of the Region of Diamantina, in the State of Minas Gerais, with the purpose of raising, analyzing and unveiling if they meet the minimum criteria established in the legislation in force, if there is a consistency between the legal attributions of the CAEs and what happens in practice, if they have the minimum structure necessary for the performance of their duties, and what are the perceptions attributed by the counselors on the activities of social control exercised before the Council. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, case-study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, in which a detailed documentary analysis was carried out in the School Feeding Council archives to reassemble their way of acting, seeking to know their main qualities and defects. In addition, interviews were conducted with school feeding counselors to understand what perceptions they had of the activities they perform through the technique called content analysis. The documentary analysis showed that there are many inconsistencies in the choice of counselors and numerous shortcomings to be corrected by the Councils, on the other hand, also highlighted many positive aspects of the work developed. The analysis of the minutes of the CAEs and the interviews with the members of the Councils revealed the perceptions they had about the form of constitution of the council, the difficulties experienced to carry out social control, such as infrastructure problems, access to information and little incentive to qualify. On the other hand, they demonstrated the commitment to carry out their duties, to ensure the quality of school feeding of their Municipalities and the correct use of public money. In the end, it was possible to see that the training, stimulating functions and popular participation are factors that influence the effective and efficient performance of school feeding counselors, which must be guaranteed and encouraged by the Government, by its own counselors and society.

Introdução: A educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) é campo de prática e reflexão de diversos atores sociais envolvidos na promoção da saúde, entre eles, os serviços de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, que se relacionam com ações de desenvolvimento local e promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável e de segurança alimentar e nutricional das populações rurais. Objetivo: Analisar percepções e práticas sobre o processo de educação alimentar e nutricional no contexto do Desenvolvimento Rural no RS. Metodologia: Artigo 1: Realizou-se análise do texto do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira, discutindo-se os temas previstos e os temas emergentes a partir da intersecção dos conceitos de promoção da saúde e de desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Artigo 2: Investigaramse normas estabelecidas nos documentos de âmbito nacional e estadual e práticas executadas pelos extensionistas rurais a partir de busca em Sistema de Registros Administrativos que continham a descrição das atividades realizadas. Os dados foram tabulados e processados por meio da estatística descritiva, com o apoio do programa Microsoft Office Excel, versão 2007, em relação à produção e análise qualitativa dos dados; investigaram-se, na periodicidade histórica, rupturas e permanências contidas no material, com apoio do software NVivo 10 for Windows. Artigo 3: Realizaram-se 18 entrevistas individuais para produção de narrativas com os diferentes atores sociais envolvidos na Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural no RS. Foi realizada a análise das narrativas a partir da perspectiva teórica e das categorias analíticas emergentes, sendo os dados interpretados, sistematizados e analisados em seu conjunto, com apoio do software NVivo 10 for Windows. Resultados: Artigo 1: Identificou 13 temas relacionados a quatro dimensões explicativas da interseção dos conceitos, os quais foram identificados a partir dos elementos constitutivos dos itens princípios e diretrizes do Guia Alimentar, dez passos para uma alimentação saudável; superação de obstáculos para realização dos dez passos. Artigo 2: Oito documentos e 212.502 atividades foram analisadas, sendo 11,13 por cento relacionadas à EAN. As normas determinaram número mínimo de atividades a serem realizadas por meio de metas estabelecidas nos contratos de serviços, em contrapartida, as práticas derivaram, majoritariamente, das demandas das famílias assessoradas ligados aos temas da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, Produção de Cuidados em Saúde, e Alimentação Adequada e Saudável. Artigo 3: A compreensão e a estrutura de significações da EAN foram visualizadas sob três eixos: reconhecimento e não reconhecimento da EAN na ATES; a EAN como um dos temas da dimensão social; a EAN como sinônimo de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Conclusão: Existe uma polissemia de percepções sobre a educação alimentar e nutricional e um espaço permanente de tensões entre as normas e as práticas. Existe uma orientação normativa para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável, principalmente na perspectiva de relação com os sistemas alimentares locais. As práticas em educação alimentar e nutricional e as percepções sobre elas se estruturam em um conjunto de valores, signos e sentidos nos quais o alimento é visto como elemento aglutinador-compreensivo de um modelo de extensão rural que é reivindicado. / Introduction: Food and nutrition education (FNE) is a field of practice and reflection of various social actors involved in health promotion, including the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Services, which relate to local development actions and to the promotion of adequate and healthy food, as well as to food and nutrition security of rural populations. Objective: To analyze perceptions and practices about the process of food and nutrition education in the context of Rural Development in RS. Methodology: Article 1: We analyzed the text of the Food Guide for the Brazilian population, discussing the intended and the emerging themes from the intersection of the concepts of health promotion and sustainable rural development. Article 2: We investigated the rules established in the national and state level documents and practices implemented by rural extension agents from a search in Administrative Records System containing the description of activities. The data were compiled and processed through descriptive statistics, with the support of Microsoft Office Excel 2007 concerning the production and qualitative analysis; we investigated, in the historical basis, ruptures and continuities contained in the material, with the support of the software NVivo 10 for Windows. Article 3: We conducted 18 individual interviews to produce narratives with the different social actors involved in the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension in RS. The analysis of the narratives was performed from the theoretical perspective and emerging analytical categories; the data were interpreted, systematized and analyzed as a whole with the support of NVivo 10 for Windows. Results: Article 1: We identified 13 themes related to four explanatory dimensions of the intersection of the concepts, which were identified from the constituent elements of the items principles and guidelines of the Food Guide, ten steps to a healthy diet; overcoming obstacles to achieving the ten steps. Article 2: Eight documents and 212,502 activities were analyzed, being 11.13 per cent related to FNE. The rules determined minimum number of activities to be performed by goals established in service contracts, in contrast, the practices mainly come from the demands of advised families linked to the themes of Food and Nutritional Security, Care Production in Health, and Adequate and Healthy Food. Article 3: The understanding and the structure of meanings of FNE were viewed under three axes: recognition and non-recognition of FNE in TSEA; EAN as one of the themes of the social dimension; FNE as a synonym for Food and Nutrition Security. Conclusion: There is a polysemic perception about food and nutrition education and a permanent space of tensions between rules and practices. There is a normative guidance to promote adequate and healthy food, especially from the perspective of relationship with local food systems. The practices in food and nutrition education and the perceptions about them are structured in a set of values, signs and meanings in which food is seen as a unifying-understanding element of a claimed rural extension model.

This thesis aims to engage with the poetry of Scotland and Greek-speaking Cyprus, and examine the relationship between poetry defined as high culture and articulations of national identity in the two places. Scotland and Cyprus share characteristics that make the establishment of a single, coherent national identity with the appearance of permanence challenging, including their relationships with culturally dominant neighbours, competition between local and official languages, and the insecurity of their status as nations. Both Scotland and Cyprus have historically had hybrid identities; in Scotland, British identity is made problematic by England's cultural dominance, while in Cyprus Greek-speakers have a conflicted relationship with Greece. This is made more complex by the fact that Scotland's political union with England may be ending, while Cyprus is divided in half as a result of tensions between Christian and Muslim populations and the unsubtle past involvement of Greece and Turkey in the island's affairs. This thesis aims to locate trends of national identity through the analysis of poetry and its reception in three distinct contexts. Part 1 analyses the evolution of Scottish and Greek-speaking Cypriot 'national character' through the poetry of national poets Robert Burns and Vasilis Michailidis, and the poets Walter Scott and Dimitris Lipertis. Part 2 explores the effects of modernity on the expression of national identities in literature through the lens of the Modernist movement, and how this was adopted and modified in Scotland and Cyprus. This is discussed with reference to three poets, Hugh MacDiarmid, Kostas Montis and Edwin Morgan, and their treatment of the national past and search for a national literary language. Finally, Part 3 analyses deliberate engagements of poets with national identity and issues of national importance, using Seamus Heaney's idea of 'adequate' poetry as a guide. Two functions of poetry are considered: the role it can play in transforming the landscape into the national homeland, and its potential to address communal trauma, and transform it into a unifying experience.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the stage of development of the rules for tranfer of personal data for the European union to the third countries. First it gives necessary information regarding the protection of personal data in general including the key terms, basic principles and also the legal framework. The second part explains the legal mechanism of tranfer of personal data from EU abroad with the use of the term "adequate protection." Possible methods of such tranfer which are in compliance with the requirement of provision of the adequate protection to the protection ensured in the European Union are given. The third part concentrates on the development of the negotiations between the United States and the European Union about the transfer of personal data of air passengers and resulting legal arrangement. The work also describes current trends and provides possible future development of this sphere.